Ubuntu dapper no

Havarill — Tue, 12 Sep 2006 18:08:26 GMT

Havarill: /* Uoffisiell Ubuntu 6.06 (Dapper Drake) Linux Nybegynnerguide */

[[Image:Ubuntuguide_logo.png]]

== Uoffisiell Ubuntu 6.06 (Dapper Drake) Linux Nybegynnerguide ==

Denne guiden ble startet av [[User:Jiyuu0|Chua Wen Kiat]] fra Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Den blir for tiden vedlikeholdt og oppdatert av Linux Senteret ved Universitetet i Latvia og alle andre som er villig til å bidra. Den norske oversettelsen er gjort av [[User:havarill|Håvar Nielsen]] og utgitt under samme GPL lisens som det [[Ubuntu_dapper|opprinnelige arbeidet]]. Har du kommentarer, send meg en epost.

Denne guiden kan diskuteres i det offisielle [http://www.ubuntuforums.org/forumdisplay.php?f=78 UbuntuGuide.org forumet] på ubuntuforums.org. Kom innom og bli med i diskusjonen.

Uheldigvis kan kun registrerte brukere redigere denne wiki'en på grunn av [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki_vandalism wiki-vandalisme]. Kun registrerte brukere kan lage en brukerkonto for deg. Dersom du ønsker å bli med og hjelpe til, la meg vite det [ raivis.dejus _at_ linux.edu.lv ]. (Bruk engelsk i eposten). '''Ikke glem''' å si hvilket brukernavn du ønsker deg eller hvorfor du vil ha en brukerkonto, (hva du ønsker å forandre eller legge til guiden).

Denne guiden holder på å bli oversatt til norsk. Arbeidet er ennå ikke fullført, og omtrent halvparten av denne siden er fortsatt på engelsk. Ønsker du å hjelpe til med oversettingen, så må du gjerne gjøre det. Denne siden er på bokmål og ikke nynorsk. Dersom du vil lage en nynorsk oversetting, så må du gjerne opprette en egen side for det.

{{Contributors|contributors=Bidragsytere: | and_other_friends_of_our_community=og andre ubuntuvenner. }}

{{UbuntuLanguageBar|languages=Andre oversettelser: |InProgress=Under utvikling: }}

*Eldre versjoner: [[Ubuntu | Ubuntu 5.10 (Breezy Badger)]]
{{BreezyLanguageBar|languages=Språk:|InProgress=Under utvikling:}}

* Ubuntu 5.04 på bulgarsk: http://www.ubuntuguide.hit.bg/

__TOC__

== Generelle merknader ==

#Dette er en uoffisiell Ubuntu 6.06 (Dapper Drake) nybegynnerguide og har ingenting med Ubuntu eller Canonical Ltd å gjøre.
#Denne guiden kan diskuteres i det offisielle (http://www.ubuntuforums.org/forumdisplay.php?f=78 UbuntuGuide.org-forumet] på ubuntuforums.org. Kom innom å bli med å diskuter.
#Denne guiden er testet på en full installsjon av Ubuntu 6.06 x86 Innstall CD (Dapper Drake).
#Hvis du ser en blåaktig boks, betyr det at du må kjøre kommandoene i en terminal (Programmer -> System -> Terminal) eller bruke innholdet i boksen som nevnt i andre instruksjoner på denne siden.
#For å redusere skrivefeil, kopier og lim inn kommandoene i en terminal (høyreklikk og klikk på "kopier" eller "lim inn". Du kan også bruke Ctrl+C for å kopiere og Shift+Insert for å lime inn, eller bare marker for å kopiere og klikk på den midterste museknappen for å lime inn).
#'''sudo''' eller '''gksudo''' betyr superuser do. '''sudo''' vil be deg om å skrive inn passordet ditt. Vennligst skriv inn ditt passord.
#Hvis du ønsker mer informasjon om en kommando, bare slå den opp i manualsidene gjennom kommandoen: '''man''' kommando. '''man sudo''' vil for eksempel vise manualsiden for '''sudo'''kommandoen.
#Hvis du er lei av å skrive '''apt-get''' hele tiden, les [[#How to apt-get the easy way (Synaptic)]].
#'''apt-get''' og '''wget''' krever en Internettilkobling for å installere/oppdatere/laste ned programmer.
#For å laste ned en fil, høyreklikk på linken -> Velg "Lagre link som..." -> Sørg for at filnavnet og filtypen er riktig
#Hvis du øsnker å hjelpe til med å oversette Ubuntu til ditt morsmål eller hjelpe Ubuntu på andre måter, besøk: https://launchpad.net/
#Må ubuntuånden være med deg alltid...

:Hvis du bruker Kubuntu, behøver du ikke å installere '''gedit''' lengre, fordi det er en symbolsk link fra '''gedit''' til '''kate''', så du kan bruke alle kommandoene under uten problemer. Ellers, dersom du ønsker å bruke gedit som ditt tekstredigeringsverktøy allikevel, kjør følgende kommando i en terminal:

sudo apt-get install gedit

:Hvis "gedit" kommandoen eller (den sombolske linken) ikke virker, kan du også lage den:

sudo ln -s /usr/bin/kate /usr/bin/gedit

:''Hvis du bruker en 64-bit versjon, bytt ut alle "i386" med "amd64"''

== Komme igang ==

==== Hva er Ubuntu? ====

*http://www.ubuntu.com/ubuntu

==== Hva er nytt i Ubuntu 6.06 Dapper Drake ====

*http://www.ubuntu.com/testing/dapperbeta

==== Hvor kan jeg finne skjermbilder/video fra Ubuntu? ====
* http://shots.osdir.com/slideshows/slideshow.php?release=659&slide=4&title=ubuntu+6.06+screenshots
* http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=article&item=481&num=1
:'''Videos'''
* http://osvids.com/files/page3-1034-pop.html
* http://osvids.com/files/page3-1035-pop.html
* http://osvids.com/files/page3-1036-pop.html

==== Hvor kan jeg se Kubuntu skjermbilder? ====
* http://shots.osdir.com/slideshows/slideshow.php?release=662&slide=4&title=kubuntu+6.06+screenshots
* http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=article&item=320&num=1
* http://www.debianadmin.com/kubuntu-606-lts-desktop-screenshots.html
:'''Videos'''
http://osvids.com/files/page3-108-pop.html

==== Hvor kan jeg finne en liste over alle programmene og bibliotekene som kommer med Ubuntu? ====

*Resultatet av dpkg -l: [http://packages.ubuntu.com/dapper/allpackages.en.txt.gz her]
*http://packages.ubuntu.com/dapper
*http://distrowatch.com/table.php?distribution=ubuntu

==== Hvor kan jeg laste ned Ubuntu? ====

*http://releases.ubuntu.com/6.06/

==== Hvor kan jeg bestille UbuntuCDer helt GRATIS? ====

*https://shipit.ubuntu.com
Vennligst merk at CDene kan bruke fire til seks uker på leveransen. Du blir oppfordret til å kopiere, redigere, og redistribuere diskene så my som mulig.

==== Hvor kan jeg finne hjelp for Ubuntu? ====

*Se: ''System -> Hjelp -> Systemdokumentasjon''
*[https://help.ubuntu.com/ Offisiell Dokumentasjonwebside]
*[https://wiki.ubuntu.com/UserDocumentation Offisiell Brukerdokumentasjon (wiki)]
*[http://doc.gwos.org/index.php/Main_Page Ubuntu dokumentlager]
*[http://www.ubuntu.com/community/lists Epostlister]
*[http://www.ubuntu.com/community/forums Forum]
*[irc://irc.freenode.net/ubuntu IRC kanal]

==== Hvor finner jeg nye programmer? ====

* http://gnomefiles.org/
* http://www.kde-apps.org/
* [http://freshmeat.net/browse/18/ http://freshmeat.net]
* http://sourceforge.net/

==== Hvor finner jeg nye stiler og temaer for skrivebordet? ====

* http://www.gnome-look.org/
* http://www.kde-look.org/
* http://art.gnome.org/

== Reservoar ==

==== Hvordan legger man til ekstra reservoar? ====

*Les [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Du kan også bruke [[#How to apt-get the easy way (Synaptic) | legge til ekstra reservoar gjennom Synaptic Pakkerhåndtering]]. Nye brukere kan synes det er lettere og mer brukervennlig å legge til ekstra reservoar gjennom pakkehåndtereren. Hvis du følger linken over, trenger du ikke å følge resten av dette tipset.

sudo cp -p /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

*Bytt ut alt med følgende linjer
:Denne listen er forandret iforhold til den engelske listen, ved at den bruker norske servere. Dette kan du se ved at det står "''no.''" forran ''archive.ubuntu.com'' (no = landskoden for Norge)

## Legg til kommentarmarkører (##) forran hvilken som helst linje for at den ikke skal bli brukt.
## Bruk den følgende sources.list på eget ansvar.

deb http://no.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://no.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper main restricted universe multiverse

## STORE FEILFIKS OPPDATERINGER laget etter den opprinnelige utgivelsen
deb http://no.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://no.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper-updates main restricted universe multiverse

## UBUNTU SIKKERHETSOPPDATERINGER
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper-security main restricted universe multiverse

## BACKPORTS RESERVOAR (Ikke støttet av Ubuntu/ubuntuguide.org. Kan innholde ulovlige pakker. Bruk på eget ansvar.)
deb http://no.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://no.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper-backports main restricted universe multiverse

## PLF RESERVOAR (Ikke støttet av Ubuntu/ubuntuguide.org. Kan inneholde ulovlige pakker. Bruk på eget ansvar.)
deb http://packages.freecontrib.org/plf dapper free non-free
deb-src http://packages.freecontrib.org/plf dapper free non-free

## CANONICAL KOMERSIELT RESERVOAR (Ligger på Canonical sine servere, ikke Ubuntu
## servere. RealPlayer10, Opera og mer kommer.)
deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu dapper-commercial main

*Lagre den redigerte filen.

sudo apt-get update

* Du kan også generere din egen sources.list og finne andre reservoar på: http://www.ubuntulinux.nl/source-o-matic

* Du kan også bytte ut din sources.list med denne veldig komplette listen: [http://italy.copybase.ch/blog/lista-repository-sourceslist-ottimizzata-per-ubuntu-kubuntu-linux/ sources.list] (sørg for å bytte ut "it" fra "it.archive.ubuntu.com" med "'''no'''") Bruk på eget ansvar.

* ''Forandre den opprinnelige sources.list bare hvis du forstår hva du gjør. Å blande reservoar kan føre til brukne avhengigheter/versjons- og kompatibilitetsproblemer.''

== Ubuntu Oppdateringer ==

==== Hvordan oppdatere Ubuntu manuellt? ====

*Les [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Les [[#Hvordan legger man til ekstra reservoar?]]

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

'''ELLER'''

Bruk Oppdateringshåndtereren: ''System -> Administrasjon -> Oppdaterings Håndterer''

== Tilleggsapplikasjoner ==

==== Hvordan bruke Easy Ubuntu? ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Easy Ubuntu er et lite og rett fram verktøy som kan hjelpe nybegynnere med å lettere installere en del innhold for Ubuntu, slik som media kodeker, skrifttyper, Macromedia Flash og Sun Java.

wget http://easyubuntu.freecontrib.org/files/easyubuntu-3.022.tar.gz
tar -zxf easyubuntu-3.022.tar.gz
cd easyubuntu
sudo python easyubuntu.in

*Velg de boksene for det innholdet du ønsker i Easy Ubuntu-vinduet for å laste ned og installere innholdet til Ubuntu.
*Merk: Brukere av tidligere versjon 3.0 av EasyUbuntu kan oppleve problemer med installeringen av Flash og Java.

==== Hvordan installerer jeg Automatix på Ubuntu, Kubuntu, og Xubuntu? ====

*Les [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Automatix er et grafisk grensesnitt for å automatisere installasjonen av de mest brukte og oftest etterspurte programmene i Ubuntu/Kubuntu/Xubuntu linux.
*Merk: Før du installerer, vennligst merk at noen av kodekene som automatix tilbyr, kan være ulovlige i noen land. Du er ansvarlig for å følge de lovene. Automatix kan erstatte [[#Hvordan bruke Easy Ubuntu? |Easy Ubuntu fullstendig]].

*bruk ditt favoritt tekst redigeringsprogram (kwrite, gedit)

gksudo kwrite /etc/apt/sources.list

*Fjern kommenteringen på de følgende linjene
#deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper main
#deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper main

*Hvis du bruker Ubuntu eller Xubuntu Dapper, legg til følgende linje til slutten av filen.

deb http://www.getautomatix.com/apt dapper main

*Hvis du bruker Kubuntu, legg til følgende linje til slutten av filen.

deb http://www.getautomatix.com/apt kubuntu main

*Lagre filen og lukk den.

*Skaff GPG nøkkel

wget http://www.getautomatix.com/apt/key.gpg.asc
gpg --import key.gpg.asc
gpg --export --armor 521A9C7C | sudo apt-key add -

*Nå kan du kjøre følgende kommandoer for å installere Automatix

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install zenity
sudo apt-get install automatix

*Automatix kan startes fra kommandolinjen

automatix

*Det vil også legges til menyen

Menu -> System -> Automatix-Kubuntu

==== Hvordan installerer jeg Utklippstavlen for GNOME ====

*Les [[#Generelle merknader]]

wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/gnome-clipboard-daemon-1.0.bin.tar.bz2
sudo tar jxvf gnome-clipboard-daemon-1.0.bin.tar.bz2 -C /usr/bin/
sudo chown root:root /usr/bin/gnome-clipboard-daemon
sudo chmod 755 /usr/bin/gnome-clipboard-daemon
sudo gnome-clipboard-daemon &
export EDITOR=gedit && crontab -e

*Legg til følgende linje til slutten av filen

@reboot gnome-clipboard-daemon

*Lagre den redigerte filen

==== Hvordan installerer jeg J2SE Java miljø (JRE) med programtillegg for Mozilla Firefox? ====

*Les [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Les [[#Hvordan legger man til ekstra reservoar?]]

sudo apt-get install sun-java5-jre sun-java5-plugin

*Når du blir spurt, godta DLJ lisensen.

*For å konfigurere J2SE som standard JVM (som er nødvendig for programmer som Frostwire, RSSOwl og for programtillegget til Mozilla Firefox):

sudo update-alternatives --config java

Velg det valget som passer med J2SE.

==== Hvordan installerer jeg JRE v5.0 oppdatering 8? ====
*Les [[#Generelle merknader]]

*Last ned "Linux (selvutpakkende)" fra http://java.com/en/download/manual.jsp

*Kopier den til /usr/java/
sudo chmod a+x jre-1_5_0_08-linux-i586.bin
sudo ./jre-1_5_0_08-linux-i586.bin
cd /usr/lib/firefox/plugins
ln -s /usr/java/jre1.5.0_08/plugin/i386/ns7/libjavaplugin_oji.so
cd /usr/lib/mozilla/plugins
ln -s /usr/java/jre1.5.0_08/plugin/i386/ns7/libjavaplugin_oji.so

*Start Mozilla Firefox på nytt

==== Hvordan installerer jeg Macromedia Flash Player programtillegg for Mozilla Firefox? ====

*Les [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Les [[#Hvordan legger man til ekstra reservoar?]]

sudo apt-get install flashplugin-nonfree
sudo update-flashplugin

*Start Mozilla Firefox på nytt.

Merk: Hvis lyden ikke virker i Flash Player, for eksempel på YouTube:

sudo apt-get install alsa-oss
gksudo gedit /etc/firefox/firefoxrc

Forandre:

FIREFOX_DSP=""

Til:

FIREFOX_DSP="aoss"

*Start Mozilla Firefox på nytt. Nå skal lyden virke i Flash Player.

==== Hvordan installerer jeg Adobe PDF Reader med programtillegg for Mozilla Firefox ====

*Les [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Les [[#Hvordan legger man til ekstra reservoar?]]

sudo apt-get install acroread mozilla-acroread acroread-plugins

*Les [[#Hvordan oppdaterer jeg GNOME panelet?]]
*Programmer -> Office -> Adobe Reader
*Start Mozilla Firefox på nytt.

'''Merk:''' Adobe Reader 7.0 kjører ikke hvis SCIM kjører. Du kjører SCIM hvis du har installert et annet Ubuntu språk gjennom System -> Administrasjon -> Språk støtte. For å omgå dette, gjør følgende

gksudo gedit /usr/bin/acroread

Forandre:

#!/bin/sh
#

til:

#!/bin/sh
#
GTK_IM_MODULE=xim

Lagre filen. Nå skal Adobe Reader 7.0 virke.

Se også:
*[[#Hvordan assosierer jeg Adobe Reader med filer i Nautilus?]]
*[[#Hvordan skriver jeg ut fra Adobe Reader?]]
*[[#Hvordan splitter og kombinerer jeg pdf filer?]]

==== Hvordan installerer jeg Nedlastingshåndterer for X? ====

*Les [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Les [[#Hvordan legger man til ekstra reservoar?]]

sudo apt-get install d4x

*Les [[#Hvordan oppdaterer jeg GNOME panelet?]]
*Programmer -> Internet -> Nedlaster for X

==== Hvordan installerer jeg en passordhåndterer (Revelation)? ====

*Les [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Les [[#Hvordan legger man til ekstra reservoar?]]

sudo apt-get install revelation

*Les [[#Hvordan oppdaterer jeg GNOME panelet?]]
*Programmer -> Tilbehør -> Revelation Passordhåndterer

==== Hvordan installerer jeg FTP Klient (gFTP) ====

*Les [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Les [[#Hvordan legger man til ekstra reservoar?]]

sudo apt-get install gftp

*Les [[#Hvordan oppdaterer jeg GNOME panelet?]]
*Programmer -> Internet -> gFTP

==== Hvordan installerer jeg IRC Klient (XChat) ====

*Les [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Les [[#Hvordan legger man til ekstra reservoar?]]

sudo apt-get install xchat xchat-systray

*Les [[#Hvordan oppdaterer jeg GNOME panelet?]]
*Programmer -> Internet -> XChat IRC

==== Hvordan installerer jeg fildelingsprogrammet (DC++)? ====

*Les [[#Generelle merknader]]

wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/linuxdcpp.tar.gz
sudo tar zxvf linuxdcpp.tar.gz -C /opt
gksudo gedit /usr/share/applications/dcpp.desktop

*Sett inn følgende linjer i den nye filen

[Desktop Entry]
Encoding=UTF-8
Name=DC++
Exec=/opt/linuxdcpp/ldcpp
Terminal=false
Type=Application
StartupNotify=true
Icon=/opt/linuxdcpp/pixmaps/linuxdcpp.svg
Categories=Application;Network;

*Lagre den redigerte filen

*Programmer -> Internet -> DC++

==== Hvordan installerer jeg P2P BitTorrent klienten (Azureus)? ====

*Les [[#Generelle merknader]]

sudo apt-get install azureus

*Programmer -> Internet -> Azureus

*(Alternativ metode) Metoden over installerer en versjon av Azureus kompilert med gcj, de frie alternativet til Sun Java.

*Les [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Les [[#Hvordan legger man til ekstra reservoar?]]
*Les [[#Hvordan installerer jeg J2SE Java miljø (JRE) med programtillegg for Mozilla Firefox?]]

wget http://kent.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/azureus/Azureus_2.5.0.0_linux.tar.bz2
sudo tar jxvf Azurues_2.5.0.0_linux.tar.bz2 -C /opt/
sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/azureus.desktop

*Legg til følgende til den nye filen

[Desktop Entry]
Name=Azureus
Comment=A Bittorrent client
Exec=/opt/azureus/azureus
Icon=/opt/azureus/Azureus.png
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;Network;

*Lagre den redigerte filen

*Programmer -> Internet -> Azureus

==== Hvordan installerer jeg P2P BitTorrent klienten (Bittornado)? ====

*Les [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Les [[#Hvordan legger man til ekstra reservoar?]]

sudo apt-get install bittornado
sudo apt-get install bittornado-gui

*Programmer -> Internet -> Bittornado klient

==== Hvordan installerer jeg P2P eMule klienten (aMule)? ====

*Les [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Les [[#Hvordan legger man til ekstra reservoar?]]

sudo apt-get install amule

*Les [[#Hvordan oppdaterer jeg GNOME panelet?]]
*Programmer -> Internet -> aMule

==== Hvordan installerer jeg P2P Gnutella klienten (FrostWire)? ====

*Les [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Les [[#Hvordan installerer jeg J2SE Java miljø (JRE) med programtillegg for Mozilla Firefox?]]

wget -c http://www.users.on.net/~stubby/FrostWire-4.10.9-2.i586.deb
sudo dpkg -i FrostWire-4.10.9-2.i586.deb

*Programmer -> Internet -> FrostWire

==== Hvordan installerer jeg meldingsprogrammet (Skype)? ====

*Les [[#Generelle merknader]]

gksudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

* Legg til følgende linjer på slutten av filen

## Reservoar for Skype
deb <nowiki>http://download.skype.com/linux/repos/debian/ stable non-free</nowiki>

* Lagre den redigerte filen

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install skype

*Programmer -> Internet -> Skype

*For Skype 1.3 Beta:

wget -c http://download.skype.com/linux/skype-beta-1.3.0.37-1_i386.deb
sudo dpkg -i skype-beta-1.3.0.37-1_i386.deb

*Programmer -> Internet -> Skype

==== Hvordan installerer jeg WinPopup (LinPopUp)? ====

*Les [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Les [[#Hvordan legger man til ekstra reservoar?]]
*Les [[#Hvordan installerer jeg Samba Server for Windows fildeling?]]

sudo apt-get install linpopup
gksudo gedit /usr/share/applications/linpopup.desktop

*Legg inn følgende linjer i den nye filen

[Desktop Entry]
Name=LinPopUp
Comment=LinPopUp
Exec=linpopup
Icon=/usr/share/pixmaps/linpopup.xpm
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;Utility;

*Lagre den redigerte filen
*Les [[#Hvordan oppdaterer jeg GNOME panelet?]]
*Programmer -> Tilbehør -> LinPopUp

==== Hvordan installerer jeg Multimedia Kodeker? ====

[[User:Stubby|Stubby]] Alle kjente kodeker virker, bortsett fra wmv

*Les [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Les [[#Hvordan legger man til ekstra reservoar?]]

sudo apt-get install gstreamer0.10-ffmpeg gstreamer0.10-gl gstreamer0.10-plugins-base \
gstreamer0.10-plugins-good gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad-multiverse \
gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly-multiverse w32codecs
*Les [[#Hvordan restarter jeg GNOME uten å restarte maskinen?]]

==== Hvordan installerer jeg DVD avspillingsmuligheter? ====

[[User:ironss|ironss]]: gstreamer dvd programtillegg er tilgjengelig som en del av plugins-bad (eller ugly?) og virker ikke stabilt. Totem virker allikevel med xine som støtte til å spille av DVDer. Dette vil holde til gstreamer selv er i stand til å spille av DVDer. Mark at du ikke trenger å installerer xine-ui eller mplayer, som blir foreslått i

*Les [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Les [[#Hvordan legger man til ekstra reservoar?]]

sudo apt-get install libdvdread3
sudo /usr/share/doc/libdvdread3/examples/install-css.sh
sudo apt-get install totem-xine

[[User:Stubby|Stubby]]: gstreamer dvd programtillegg er ikke portert til dapper ennå. Det vil ikke fungere tilstrekkelig om du følger instruksene

*Les [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Les [[#Hvordan legger man til ekstra reservoar?]]

sudo apt-get install libdvdcss2

==== Hvordan installerer jeg Multimediespilleren (xine-ui)? ====

*Les [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Les [[#Hvordan legger man til ekstra reservoar?]]
*Les [[#Hvordan installerer jeg Multimedia Kodeker?]]
*Les [[#Hvordan installerer jeg DVD avspillingsmuligheter?]]

sudo apt-get install xine-ui libxine-extracodecs

*Assossier xine-ui med multimediefiler

gconftool-2 --type string --set /desktop/gnome/volume_manager/autoplay_dvd_command "xine dvd://"
sudo rm -f /usr/share/applnk/Multimedia/xine.desktop
sudo ln -fs /usr/share/xine/desktop/xine.desktop /usr/share/applications/
sudo cp /usr/share/applications/defaults.list /usr/share/applications/defaults.list_backup
sudo sed -e 's/totem.desktop/xine.desktop/g' /usr/share/applications/defaults.list_backup > /tmp/defaults.list
sudo mv /tmp/defaults.list /usr/share/applications/defaults.list

*Les [[#Hvordan oppdaterer jeg GNOME panelet?]]
*Les [[#Hvordan oppdaterer jeg GNOME skrivebordet?]]
*Programmer -> Lyd & Video -> xine

==== Hvordan installerer jeg multimedieavspilleren (VLC) med programtillegg for Mozilla Firefox? ====
*Les [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Les [[#Hvordan legger man til ekstra reservoar?]]

sudo apt-get install vlc vlc-plugin-* mozilla-plugin-vlc

*For å streame video via VLC trenger du også å installere følgende pakker:

apt-get install avahi-daemon
apt-get install avahi-utils

:Programmer -> Lyd og Video -> VLC Media Player

==== Hvordan installerer jeg multimedieavspilleren (Mplayer) med programtillegg for Mozilla Firefox? ====

*Les [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Les [[#Hvordan legger man til ekstra reservoar?]]

sudo apt-get install mozilla-mplayer

:Programmer -> Lyd og Video -> MPlayer Filmavspiller

==== Hvordan installerer jeg multimedieavspilleren (Totem) med programtillegg for Mozilla Firefox? ====

*Les [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Les [[#Hvordan legger man til ekstra reservoar?]]
*Les [[#Hvordan installerer jeg Multimedia Kodeker?]]
*Les [[#Hvordan installerer jeg DVD avspillingsmuligheter?]]

sudo apt-get install totem-gstreamer-firefox-plugin

*Lukk og start Mozilla Firefox på nytt

==== Hvordan installerer jeg multimediaspilleren (XMMS)? ====

*Les [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Les [[#Hvordan legger man til ekstra reservoar?]]
*Les [[#Hvordan installerer jeg Multimedia Kodeker?]]

sudo apt-get install xmms xmms-skins
wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/xmms-wma_1.0.4-2_i386.deb
sudo dpkg -i xmms-wma_1.0.4-2_i386.deb

*Assossier XMMS med MP3/M3U/WAV filer

sudo cp /usr/share/applications/defaults.list /usr/share/applications/defaults.list_backup
sudo cp /usr/share/applications/defaults.list /tmp/defaults.list_tmp
sudo sed -e 's/audio\/mpeg=.*/audio\/mpeg=XMMS.desktop/g' /tmp/defaults.list_tmp > /tmp/defaults.mp3
sudo sed -e 's/audio\/x-mpegurl=.*/audio\/x-mpegurl=XMMS.desktop/g' /tmp/defaults.mp3 > /tmp/defaults.m3u
sudo sed -e 's/audio\/x-wav=.*/audio\/x-wav=XMMS.desktop/g' /tmp/defaults.m3u > /tmp/defaults.list
sudo mv /tmp/defaults.list /usr/share/applications/defaults.list
sudo rm -f /tmp/defaults.*

*Les [[#Hvordan oppdaterer jeg GNOME panelet?]]
*Les [[#Hvordan oppdaterer jeg GNOME skrivebordet?]]
*Programmer -> Lyd & Video -> XMMS

==== Hvordan installerer jeg multimedieavspilleren (amaroK)? ====

*Les [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Les [[#Hvordan legger man til ekstra reservoar?]]
*Les [[#Hvordan installerer jeg Multimedia Kodeker?]]

sudo apt-get install amarok

*Programmer -> Lyd & Video -> amaroK

==== Hvordan installerer jeg multimedieavspilleren (RealPlayer 10)? ====

*Les [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Les [[#Hvordan legger man til ekstra reservoar?]]

sudo apt-get install realplay

:Merk: 'realplay' installerer RealPlayer 10 fra PLF reservoaret, som burde bruke hvis du fulgte denne guiden. 'realplayer' installerer RealPlayer 8 fra multiverse.

*Programmer -> Lyd & Video -> RealPlayer 10
*Dette vil også installere nødvendige programtillegg for å vise Realmedia i Firefox automatisk
*For å unngå problemer med blinkende skjerm eller at skjermen blir blank når du bytter vinduer, gå til:
* RealPlayer 10 -> Tools -> Preferences -> Hardware -> Fjern haken for XVideo

==== Hvordan installerer jeg Stream katalogutforskeren (streamtuner)? ====

*Les [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Les [[#Hvordan legger man til ekstra reservoar?]]

sudo apt-get install streamtuner
sudo apt-get install streamripper

*Les [[#Hvordan oppdaterer jeg GNOME panelet?]]
*Programmer -> Lyd & Video -> streamtuner

==== Hvordan installerer jeg Musikk organistatoren (Cowbell)? ====

*Les [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Les [[#Hvordan legger man til ekstra reservoar?]]

sudo apt-get install cowbell

*Programmer -> Lyd & Video -> Cowbell Musikkorganisator

==== Hvordan installerer jeg ID3 redigereren (EasyTAG)? ====

*Les [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Les [[#Hvordan legger man til ekstra reservoar?]]

sudo apt-get install easytag

*Les [[#Hvordan oppdaterer jeg GNOME panelet?]]
*Programmer -> Lyd & Video -> EasyTAG

==== Hvordan installerer jeg Videoredigereren (Kino)? ====

*Les [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Les [[#Hvordan legger man til ekstra reservoar?]]
*Les [[#Hvordan installerer jeg Multimedia Kodeker?]]

sudo apt-get install kino
sudo apt-get install kinoplus
sudo apt-get install kino-timfx
sudo apt-get install kino-dvtitler

*Les [[#Hvordan oppdaterer jeg GNOME panelet?]]
*Programmer -> Lyd & Video -> Kino Videoredigering

==== Hvordan installerer jeg Lydredigereren (Audacity)? ====

*Les [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Les [[#Hvordan legger man til ekstra reservoar?]]
*Les [[#Hvordan installerer jeg Multimedia Kodeker?]]

sudo apt-get install audacity

*Les [[#Hvordan oppdaterer jeg GNOME panelet?]]
*Programmer -> Lyd & Video -> Audacity

==== Hvordan installerer jeg Musikkorganisatoren og -avspilleren (Banshee)? ====

*Les [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Les [[#Hvordan legger man til ekstra reservoar?]]
*Les [[#Hvordan installerer jeg Multimedia Kodeker?]]

sudo apt-get install banshee

==== Hvordan installerer jeg DVD ripperen (dvd::rip)? ====

*Les [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Les [[#Hvordan legger man til ekstra reservoar?]]
*Les [[#Hvordan installerer jeg Multimedia Kodeker?]]
*Les [[#Hvordan installerer jeg DVD avspillingsmuligheter?]]
*Les [[#Hvordan installerer jeg multimedieavspilleren (Totem) med programtillegg for Mozilla Firefox?]]
*Les [[#Hvordan installerer jeg RAR?]]

sudo apt-get install dvdrip vcdimager cdrdao subtitleripper
sudo ln -fs /usr/bin/rar /usr/bin/rar-2.80
gksudo gedit /usr/share/applications/dvdrip.desktop

*Legg inn følgende linjer i den nye filen:

[Desktop Entry]
Name=dvd::rip
Comment=dvd::rip
Exec=dvdrip
Icon=/usr/share/perl5/Video/DVDRip/icon.xpm
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;AudioVideo;

*Lagre den redigerte filen
*Les [[#Hvordan oppdaterer jeg GNOME panelet?]]
*Programmer -> Lyd & Video -> dvd::rip

==== Hvordan installerer jeg DVD ripperen (AcidRip)? ====

*Les [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Les [[#Hvordan legger man til ekstra reservoar?]]
*Les [[#Hvordan installerer jeg multimedieavspilleren (Mplayer) med programtillegg for Mozilla Firefox?]]

sudo apt-get install acidrip

*Les [[#Hvordan oppdaterer jeg GNOME panelet?]]

'''Merk:''' AcidRip vil ikke kjenne igjen dvder hvis dma er påslått. I så tilfelle, gjør om [[#Hvordan øker jeg hastigheten på CD/DVD-rommen?]].

==== Hvordan installerer jeg CD ripperen (Goobox)? ====

*Les [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Les [[#Hvordan legger man til ekstra reservoar?]]
*Les [[#Hvordan installerer jeg Multimedia Kodeker?]]

sudo apt-get install goobox
sudo rm -f /usr/share/applications/goobox.desktop
gksudo gedit /usr/share/applications/goobox.desktop

*Legg inn følgende linjer i den nye filen:

[Desktop Entry]
Name=CD Player & Ripper
Comment=Play and extract CDs
Exec=goobox
Icon=goobox.png
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;AudioVideo;

*Lagre den redigerte filen
*Les [[#Hvordan oppdaterer jeg GNOME panelet?]]
*Programmer -> Lyd & Video -> CD spiller & ripper

==== Hvordan installerer jeg Bildeviseren (digiKam)? ====

*Les [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Les [[#Hvordan legger man til ekstra reservoar?]]

sudo apt-get install digikam digikamimageplugins kipi-plugins

*Programmer -> Grafikk -> digikam

==== Hvordan installerer jeg Picasa bildeorganisering? ====

*Les [[#Generelle merknader]]

gksudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

* Legg inn følgende linjer på slutten av filen:

# Reservoar for Google Picasa for Linux
deb http://dl.google.com/linux/deb/ stable non-free

* Lagre den redigerte filen

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install picasa

*Programmer -> Grafikk -> Picasa

==== Hvordan installerer jeg Vektor grafikkredigering (Inkscape)? ====

*Les [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Les [[#Hvordan legger man til ekstra reservoar?]]

sudo apt-get install inkscape

Alternativ installasjon[http://www.autopackage.org metode]:

1. Last ned [http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/inkscape/inkscape-0.44.x86.package?download official Inkscape Linux installer].
2. Velg en server og lagre det til skrivebordet ditt.
3. Høyreklikk den, Velg "Egenskaper --> Tilgang --> Eier:Kjørbar" og lukk dialogboksen. (Engangsprosedyre)
4. Dobbelklikk den og følg instruksjoene.
5. Installer støttekoden systemvidt, dersom du har root-passordet. (Engangsprosedyre)

MERK: Du kan og burde installere programmet som en bruker, heller enn root. Dette er lett å gjøre gjennom den alternative metoden.

==== Hvordan installerer jeg Opera nettleseren? ====

*Les [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Les [[#Hvordan legger man til ekstra reservoar?]]

sudo apt-get install opera

*Programmer -> Internet -> Opera

*For å få java til å virke, gå til Verktøy->Egenskaper->Avansert->Innhold->Velg "Bruk Java". Klikk på "Bruk Java..." knappen og skriv inn "/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.5.0-sun/jre/lib/i386" (for sun sin java versjon) i det nye vinduet og klikk "Valider Java Sti"-knappen.

==== Hvordan installerer jeg Epostleseren (Mozilla Thunderbird)? ====

*Les [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Les [[#Hvordan legger man til ekstra reservoar?]]

sudo apt-get install mozilla-thunderbird

*Les [[#Hvordan oppdaterer jeg GNOME panelet?]]
*Programmer -> Internet -> Thunderbird Epostleser

==== Hvordan installerer jeg Nyhetsleseren (Pan)? ====

*Les [[#Generelle merknader]]

sudo apt-get install pan

*Programmer -> Internet -> Pan Nyhetsleser

==== Hvordan installerer jeg RSS/RDF/Atom Nyhetsleseren (RSSOwl)? ====

*Les [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Les [[#Hvordan installerer jeg J2SE Java miljø (JRE) med programtillegg for Mozilla Firefox?]]

wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/rssowl_linux_1_1_3_bin.tar.gz
sudo tar zxvf rssowl_linux_1_1_3_bin.tar.gz -C /opt/
sudo chown -R root:root /opt/rssowl_linux_1_1_3_bin/
gksudo gedit /usr/bin/runRSSOwl.sh

*Legg inn følgende linjer i den nye filen

export MOZILLA_FIVE_HOME=/usr/lib/mozilla-firefox
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:${MOZILLA_FIVE_HOME}:${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}
cd /opt/rssowl_linux_1_1_3_bin/
./run.sh

*Lagre den redigerte filen

sudo chmod +x /usr/bin/runRSSOwl.sh
gksudo gedit /usr/share/applications/RSSOwl.desktop

*Legg inn følgende linjer i den nye filen

[Desktop Entry]
Name=RSSOwl
Comment=RSSOwl
Exec=runRSSOwl.sh
Icon=/opt/rssowl_linux_1_1_3_bin/rssowl.xpm
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;Network;

*Lagre den redigerte filen
*Programmer -> Internet -> RSSOwl

==== Hvordan installerer jeg Web Authoriseringssystemet (Nvu) ====

*Les [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Les [[#Hvordan legger man til ekstra reservoar?]]

sudo apt-get install nvu
sudo rm -f /usr/share/applications/nvu.desktop
gksudo gedit /usr/share/applications/nvu.desktop

*Legg inn følgende linjer i den nye filen

[Desktop Entry]
Name=Nvu
Comment=Web Development Editor
Exec=nvu
Icon=nvu.xpm
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;Development;

*Lagre den redigerte filen
*Les [[#Hvordan oppdaterer jeg GNOME panelet?]]
*Programmer -> Internet -> Nvu

==== Hvordan installerer jeg Webutviklings verktøyet (quanta plus)? ====

*Les [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Les [[#Hvordan legger man til ekstra reservoar?]]

sudo apt-get install quanta

*Programmer -> Utvikling -> Quanta Plus
*Applications -> Development -> Quanta Plus

==== Hvordan installerer jeg Prosjektplanleggeren (Planner)? ====

*Les [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Les [[#Hvordan legger man til ekstra reservoar?]]

sudo apt-get install planner

*Les [[#Hvordan oppdaterer jeg GNOME panelet?]]
*Programmer -> Kontor -> Prosjektplanlegging

==== Hvordan installerer jeg jedit? ====

*Les [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Les [[#Hvordan legger man til ekstra reservoar?]]
*Les [[#Hvordan installerer jeg J2SE Java miljø (JRE) med programtillegg for Mozilla Firefox?]]

wget -c http://optusnet.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/jedit/jedit_4.3pre6_all.deb
sudo dpkg -i jedit_4.3pre6_all.deb

* Programmer -> Utvikling -> jedit
* Applications -> Development -> jedit

==== Hvordan installerer jeg Regnskapsprogrammet (GnuCash)? ====

*Les [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Les [[#Hvordan legger man til ekstra reservoar?]]

sudo apt-get install gnucash
sudo rm -fr /usr/share/gnome/apps/Applications/
gksudo gedit /usr/share/applications/GnuCash.desktop

*Legg inn følgende linje i den nye filen

[Desktop Entry]
Name=GnuCash
Comment=GnuCash Personal Finance
Exec=gnucash
Icon=/usr/share/pixmaps/gnucash/gnucash-icon.png
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;Office;

*Lagre den redigerte filen
*Les [[#Hvordan oppdaterer jeg GNOME panelet?]]
*Programmer -> Kontor -> GnuCash

==== Hvordan installerer jeg Skrivebordspubliseringsprogrammet (Scribus)? ====

*Les [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Les [[#Hvordan legger man til ekstra reservoar?]]

sudo apt-get install scribus

*Les [[#Hvordan oppdaterer jeg GNOME panelet?]]
*Programmer -> Kontor -> Scribus

==== Hvordan installerer jeg Diagramredigering (Dia)? ====

*Les [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Les [[#Hvordan legger man til ekstra reservoar?]]

sudo apt-get install dia-gnome

*Les [[#Hvordan oppdaterer jeg GNOME panelet?]]
*Programmer -> Grafikk -> Dia

==== Hvordan installerer jeg Kompilert HTML hjelp (CHM) Leser (xCHM)? ====

*Les [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Les [[#Hvordan legger man til ekstra reservoar?]]

sudo apt-get install xchm

*Les [[#Hvordan oppdaterer jeg GNOME panelet?]]
*Programmer -> Grafikk -> xCHM

==== Hvordan installerer jeg CD/DVD brenneprogrammet (GnomeBaker)? ====

*Les [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Les [[#Hvordan legger man til ekstra reservoar?]]

sudo apt-get install gnomebaker

*Les [[#Hvordan oppdaterer jeg GNOME panelet?]]
*Programmer -> Lyd & Video -> GnomeBaker

==== Hvordan installerer jeg CD/DVD brenneprogrammet (K3b)? ====

*Les [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Les [[#Hvordan legger man til ekstra reservoar?]]

sudo apt-get install k3b libk3b2-mp3

*Programmer -> Lyd & Video -> K3b

==== Hvordan installerer jeg PPP oppkoblingsklienten (GNOME PPP)? ====

*Les [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Les [[#Hvordan legger man til ekstra reservoar?]]

sudo apt-get install gnome-ppp

*Les [[#Hvordan oppdaterer jeg GNOME panelet?]]
*Programmer -> Internet -> GNOME PPP
*Applications -> Internet -> GNOME PPP

==== Hvordan installerer jeg bredbånd ADSL/PPPoE klienten (RP-PPPoE)? ====

*Les [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Les [[#Hvordan installerer jeg grunnleggende kompileringsverktøy (build-essential)?]]

wget -c <nowiki>http://easylinux.info/uploads/rp-pppoe-3.6.tar.gz</nowiki>
sudo tar zxvf rp-pppoe-3.6.tar.gz -C /opt/
sudo chown -R root:root /opt/rp-pppoe-3.6/
gksudo gedit /usr/share/applications/RP-PPPoE.desktop

*Legg inn følgende linjer i den nye filen

[Desktop Entry]
Name=RP-PPPoE
Comment=RP-PPPoE
Exec=gksudo /opt/rp-pppoe-3.6/go-gui
Icon=pppoeconf.xpm
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;Network;

*Lagre den redigerte filen
*Les [[#Hvordan oppdaterer jeg GNOME panelet?]]
*Programmer -> Internet -> RP-PPPoE
*Applications -> Internet -> RP-PPPoE

==== Hvordan installerer jeg Oppstartshåndtereren (BUM)? ====

*Les [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Les [[#Hvordan legger man til ekstra reservoar?]]

sudo apt-get install bum

*Les [[#Hvordan oppdaterer jeg GNOME panelet?]]
*System -> Administrasjon -> Oppstartshåndtering
*System -> Administration -> Boot-Up Manager

==== Hvordan installerer jeg Partisjonsredigering (GParted)? ====

*Les [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Les [[#Hvordan legger man til ekstra reservoar?]]

sudo apt-get install gparted

*Les [[#Hvordan oppdaterer jeg GNOME panelet?]]
*Programmer -> Systemverktøy -> GParted
*Applications -> System Tools -> GParted

==== Hvordan installerer jeg brannmur (Firestarter)? ====

*Les [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Les [[#Hvordan legger man til ekstra reservoar?]]

sudo apt-get install firestarter

*Les [[#Hvordan oppdaterer jeg GNOME panelet?]]
*Programmer -> Systemverktøy -> Firestarter / Brannmur
*Applications -> System Tools -> Firestarter

==== Hvordan installerer jeg nettverksanalysering (Ethereal)? ====

*Les [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Les [[#Hvordan legger man til ekstra reservoar?]]

sudo apt-get install ethereal

*Programmer -> Internet -> Ethereal
*Applications -> Internet -> Ethereal

==== Hvordan installerer jeg sårbarhets skanneren (Nessus)? ====

*Les [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Les [[#Hvordan legger man til ekstra reservoar?]]

sudo apt-get install nessus
sudo apt-get install nessusd
sudo nessus-adduser
sudo ln -fs /etc/init.d/nessusd /etc/rc2.d/S20nessusd
sudo /etc/init.d/nessusd start
gksudo gedit /usr/share/applications/Nessus.desktop

*Legg inn følgende linjer i den nye filen

[Desktop Entry]
Name=Nessus
Comment=Nessus
Exec=nessus
Icon=/usr/share/pixmaps/nessus.xpm
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;System;

*Lagre den redigerte filen
*Les [[#Hvordan oppdaterer jeg GNOME panelet?]]
*Programmer -> Systemverktøy -> Nessus
*Applications -> System Tools -> Nessus

==== Hvordan installerer jeg RAR? ====

*Les [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Les [[#Hvordan legger man til ekstra reservoar?]]

sudo apt-get install rar
sudo ln -fs /usr/bin/rar /usr/bin/unrar

*Programmer -> Tilbehør -> Arkivering
*Applications -> Accessories -> Archive Manager

==== Hvordan installerer jeg ekstra skrifttyper? ====

*Les [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Les [[#Hvordan legger man til ekstra reservoar?]]

sudo apt-get install xfonts-intl-arabic
sudo apt-get install xfonts-intl-asian
sudo apt-get install xfonts-intl-chinese
sudo apt-get install xfonts-intl-chinese-big
sudo apt-get install xfonts-intl-european
sudo apt-get install xfonts-intl-japanese
sudo apt-get install xfonts-intl-japanese-big
sudo apt-get install xfonts-intl-phonetic
sudo apt-get install gsfonts-x11
sudo apt-get install msttcorefonts
sudo fc-cache -f -v

*Les [[#Hvordan restarter jeg GNOME uten å restarte maskinen?]]

:''MERK: Ubuntu Dapper kommer med DejaVu skrifter (som stammer fra Bitstream Vera) og gir tilstrekkelig støtte for Latinsk, Gresk and Epikuransk baserte språk.''

==== Hvordan installerer jeg Kinesisk inndata metoden (SCIM)? ====

'''Følgende tips er utdater og kan være vanskelig å fjerne etterpå. Vennligst følg den offisielle Ubuntu 6.06 Dapper Drake guiden [https://wiki.ubuntu.com/InputMethods/SCIM/CJK_Chinese_Japanese_Korean_Input_Method_configuration_using_SCIM_in_Ubuntu_6%2e06_Dapper_Drake HER]'''

'''Vennligs merk at scim er nå tilgjengelig som standard i Dapper. Å installere Kinesisk, Japansk eller Koreansk støtte er gjort gjennom System>Administrasjon>Språk Støtte (System>Administration>Language Support). Ubuntuwikien går gjennom detaljene mer grundig'''

*Les [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Les [[#Hvordan legger man til ekstra reservoar?]]
*Les [[#Hvordan installerer jeg ekstra skrifttyper?]]

sudo apt-get install scim
sudo apt-get install scim-chinese
sudo apt-get install scim-config-socket
sudo apt-get install scim-gtk2-immodule
sudo apt-get install scim-tables-zh
wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/fireflysung-1.3.0.tar.gz
sudo tar zxvf fireflysung-1.3.0.tar.gz -C /usr/share/fonts/truetype/
sudo chown -R root:root /usr/share/fonts/truetype/fireflysung-1.3.0/
sudo fc-cache -f -v

*System -> Egenskaper -> SCIM inndata oppsett
*System -> Preferences -> SCIM Input Method Setup
*For å aktivere SCIM

Trykk 'Ctrl + Space'

==== Hvordan installerer jeg skrivebordsapplikasjoner (gDesklets)? ====

*Les [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Les [[#Hvordan legger man til ekstra reservoar?]]

sudo apt-get install gdesklets
sudo apt-get install gdesklets-data

*Les [[#Hvordan oppdaterer jeg GNOME panelet?]]
*Programmer -> Tilbehør -> gDesklets
*Applications -> Accessories -> gDesklets
*For mer info, se: http://www.gdesklets.org/

==== Hvordan installerer jeg grunnleggende kompileringsverktøy (build-essential)? ====

*Les [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Les [[#Hvordan legger man til ekstra reservoar?]]

sudo apt-get install build-essential

==== Hvordan installerer jeg .rpm til .deb koverter (Alien)? ====

*Les [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Les [[#Hvordan legger man til ekstra reservoar?]]

sudo apt-get install alien

==== Hvordan installerer jeg Uviklingsmiljøet (Anjunta)? ====

*Les [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Les [[#Hvordan legger man til ekstra reservoar?]]

sudo apt-get install anjuta

*Programmer -> Uvikling -> Anjunta IDE
*Applications -> Development -> Anjuta IDE

==== Hvordan installerer jeg C# Integrert Utviklings Miljø (MonoDevelop)? ====
*Les [[#Hvordan legger man til ekstra reservoar?]]

sudo apt-get install mono mono-gmcs mono-gac mono-utils monodevelop

==== Hvordan installerer jeg Java Integrert Utviklingsmiljø (Eclipse)? ====

*Les [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Les [[#Hvordan legger man til ekstra reservoar?]]

sudo apt-get install eclipse

*Programmer -> Uvikling -> Eclipse
*Applications -> Development -> Eclipse

==== Hvordan installerer jeg 3D modelleringsverktøyer (Blender 3D)? ====

*Les [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Les [[#Hvordan legger man til ekstra reservoar?]]

sudo apt-get install blender

*Programmer -> Grafikk -> Blender 3D modellering
*Applications -> Graphics -> Blender 3D modeller

==== Hvordan installerer jeg spillet Tuxracer? ====

*Les [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Les [[#Hvordan legger man til ekstra reservoar?]]

sudo apt-get install planetpenguin-racer planetpenguin-racer-data planetpenguin-racer-extras

*Programmer -> Spill -> planetpenguin-racer
*Applications -> Games -> planetpenguin-racer

==== Hvordan installerer jeg spillet Frozen-Bubble? ====

*Les [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Les [[#Hvordan legger man til ekstra reservoar?]]

sudo apt-get install frozen-bubble

*Programmer -> Spill -> Frozen-Bubble
*Applications -> Games -> Frozen-Bubble

==== Hvordan installerer jeg spillet Scorched3D? ====

*Les [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Les [[#Hvordan legger man til ekstra reservoar?]]

sudo apt-get install scorched3d
gksudo gedit /usr/share/applications/scorched3d.desktop

*Legg inn følgende linjer i den nye filen

[Desktop Entry]
Name=Scorched 3D
Comment=A 3D Remake Of Scorched Earth
Exec=scorched3d
Icon=
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;Game;ArcadeGame;

*Lagre den redigerte filen
*Les [[#Hvordan oppdaterer jeg GNOME panelet?]]
*Programmer -> Spill -> Scorched 3D
*Applications -> Games -> Scorched 3D

==== Hvordan installerer jeg det virtuelle planetariet (Stellarium)? ====

*Les [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Les [[#Hvordan legger man til ekstra reservoar?]]

sudo apt-get install stellarium
gksudo gedit /usr/share/applications/stellarium.desktop

*Legg inn følgende linjer i den nye filen

[Desktop Entry]
Name=Stellarium
Comment=Virtual planetarium
Exec=stellarium
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;Education;
Icon=stellarium

*Programmer -> Utdanning -> Stellarium
*Applications -> Education -> Stellarium

Alternativ installasjons[http://www.autopackage.org metode]: (version 0.6.2)

1. Last ned [http://bylands.dur.ac.uk/~mh/stellarium-0.6.2.x86.package Stellarium Linux installer].
2. Lagre den til skrivebordet ditt.
3. Høyreklikk den nedlastede filen, velg "Egenskaper --> Tilgang --> Eier:Kjørbar" og lukk vinduet. (Engangsprosedyre)
4. Dobbelklikk pakken og følg instruksjonene.
5. Installer støtte koden systemvidt dersom du har root passordet. (Engangsprosedyre)

MERK: Du kan og burde installere programmet som en bruker, isteden for root. Dette kan du lett gjøre med den alternative metoden.

==== Hvordan installerer jeg Google verktøybaren for Firefox? ====

Den nyeste versjonen av Google verktøybar virker fint med Firefox 1.5.0.5 i Ubuntu 6.06

Bruk Firefox og klikk på linken under

http://www.google.com/tools/firefox/toolbar/

så klikker du på den store "download" knappen.

==== Hvordan installerer jeg Google Earth? ====

*Les [[#Generelle merknader]]

wget -c http://dl.google.com/earth/GE4/GoogleEarthLinux.bin
sudo sh GoogleEarthLinux.bin

*La ''/usr/local/google-earth'' være installsjonskatalogen
*Etter installasjonen klikker du '''Exit'''. Hvis du istedet velger å kjøre programmet, les merknaden under.

sudo cp /usr/local/google-earth/googleearth.desktop /usr/share/applications/

*Programmer -> Internet -> Google Earth
*Applications -> Internet -> Google Earth

*''MERK:'' Hvis du kjører Google Earth for første gang fra installasjonsprogrammet, vil det kreve root privilegier for å kjøre neste gang. Det kan fikses slik, fra en terminal:
sudo chmod 777 -R ~/.googleearth

==== Hvordan installerer jeg KDE Læringspill? ====

*Les [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Les [[#Hvordan legger man til ekstra reservoar?]]

sudo apt-get install kdeedu

*Programmer -> Læring -> ...
*Applications -> Education -> ...

==== Hvordan installerer jeg Internet Explorer og Flash 9? ====
*Les [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Les [[#Hvordan legger man til ekstra reservoar?]]
*Les [[#Hvordan installerer jeg Windows programmer i Linux (Wine)?]]

Dette vil installere en wine versjon av Internet Explorer 6 med Flash 9, samt IE 5.5/5.01 hvis du vil ha de.
*''MERK:'' Flash 9 vil ikke bli tilgjengelig i andre nettlesere enn IE.
*Åpne en terminal og kjør følgende:
wget <nowiki>http://www.tatanka.com.br/ies4linux/downloads/ies4linux-2.0.tar.gz</nowiki> -O - | tar xvzf -

*Eller, hvis det ikke virker, bruk denne kommandoen:
wget <nowiki>http://modzer0.cs.uaf.edu/~hardwarehank/files/ies4linux-2.0.tar.gz</nowiki> -O - | tar xvzf -

*Så er det bare å kjøre det:
cd ies4linux-2.0
sh ies4linux

Du trenger ikke å kjøre det som root (ikke sudo). Hvis du gjør det, vil det lage globale symbolske linker, som er fint hvis vil ha de. Hvis du ikke bruker root, vil det bruke ~/bin. Les README filen:
less README

==== Hvordan installerer jeg Windows programmer i Linux (Wine)? ====

*Les [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Les [[#Hvordan legger man til ekstra reservoar?]]

Det fulle navnet itl Wine er "Wine Is Not an Emulator." Wine er en åpen kildekode implementasjon av Windows API'en over X og Unix. Tenk på Wine som et kompatibilitetslag for å kjøre Windows programmer. Wine krever ikke Microsoft Windows, siden det er en helt fri alternativ implementasjon av Windows API'en, bestående av 100% ikke-Microsoft kode. Wine kan allikevel konfigureres til å bruke orginale Windows DLL'er, hvis de er tilgjengelige.

Med andre ord, Wine vil la deg kjøre Windows programmer under Linux.

*Først, legg til et reservoar for Wine:

gksudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

*Legg til følgende linjer på slutten av denne filen

# Reservoar for wine
deb <nowiki>http://wine.budgetdedicated.com/apt</nowiki> dapper main
deb-src <nowiki>http://wine.budgetdedicated.com/apt</nowiki> dapper main

*Lagre den redigerte filen

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install wine

*For mer informasjon, se: http://www.winehq.com/

==== Hvordan installerer jeg en nedtrekksterminal, som i førstepersons skytespill (tilda)? ====

*Les [[#Generelle merknader]]

Ønsker du en konsoll, som i førstepersons skytespill? Tilda skulle være det du leter etter.

sudo apt-get install tilda

* Man trykker som standard på F1 for å bruke tilda. For å forandre standard knappen, skriver du enten tilda -C i en terminal, eller høyreklikker på tilda-terminalen og velger Egenskaper. Der kan du forandre ting som gjennomsiktighet, skrift, skriftstørrelse og vindusstørrelse.

== Andre Skrivebordsmiljø ==

==== Hvordan installerer jeg KDE? ====

*Les [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Les [[#Hvordan legger man til ekstra reservoar?]]
*Du kan også ta en kikk på noen [http://www.kde.org/screenshots/ KDE skjermbilder]

sudo apt-get install kubuntu-desktop

:''MERK: Denne installasjonen vil kreve omtrent 400MB diskplass''

*System -> Logg Ut -> Logg Ut
*For å logge inn i KDE, klikk på ''Sesjoner'' og velg KDE

==== Hvordan installerer jeg XFCE? ====

*Les [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Les [[#Hvordan legger man til ekstra reservoar?]]
*Du kan også ta en kikk på noen [http://www.xfce.org/index.php?page=screenshots&lang=en XFCE skjermbilder]

sudo apt-get install xubuntu-desktop

*System -> Logg Ut -> Logg Ut
*For å logge inn i XFCE, klikk på ''Sesjoner'' og velg XFCE

==== Hvordan installerer jeg XFCE 4.4 testversjoner (4.3.90.1) ====

*for å installere Xfce 4.4 beta 1 (4.3.90.1) på en fersk installasjon av Dapper:

*last ned Xfce 4.4 testversjons-installasjonsprogrammet (se http://www.xfce.org)

sudo apt-get install build-essential gcc pkg-config libglib2.0-0 \
libglib2.0-dev libgtk2.0-0 libgtk2.0-dev libxml++2.6c2a libxml++2.6-dev \
libvte-dev libvte4 a2ps libxpm-dev libxpm4 alsa-source alsa alsa-base \
alsa-oss alsa-utils libxml-parser-perl libpng12-0 libpng12-dev libdbh1.0-dev

chmod +x xfce4-4.3.90.1-installer.bin
sudo ./xfce4-4.3.90.1-installer.bin

*I innstallasjonsprogrammet bruker du standard instillinger, untatt:
*:''Extensive Optimizations'', kan slås på for 386
*:''Use ALSA for the Xfce Mixer'', kan slåes av
*:(se http://forums.debian.net/viewtopic.php?t=4697&)

* Tilslutt, for å bruke Xfce, kan det hende at du må gjøre det tilgjengelig for skrivebordshåndtereren, marker ''allow Xfce manage desktop'')

==== Hvordan installerer jeg FluxBox ====
*Les [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Les [[#Hvordan legger man til ekstra reservoar?]]

Her er noen [http://fluxbox.org/screenshots.php skjermbilder]. Fluxbox er en populær minimalistisk vindushåndterer.
sudo apt-get install fluxbox

===== La det starte når du logger inn gjennom GDM =====
echo "exec startfluxbox" > ~/.xinitrc

===== La det lage den pene lyden når du logger inn =====
sudo apt-get install sox
gedit ~/.fluxbox/startup

*Finn denne linjen:
exec /usr/local/bin/fluxbox

*Putt den følgede linjen forran over exec /usr/local/bin/fluxbox:
play /usr/share/sounds/login.wav > /dev/null 2>&1 &
*Lytt og vær glad.

== Estetikk ==

==== Hvordan installerer jeg Xgl/Compiz (Nvidia)? ====

*For komplett info om hvordan man setter opp XGL på forskjellige kort og noen kniper, se: http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=148351

*Les [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Les [[#Hvordan installerer jeg Grafikkkort Drivere (NVIDIA)?]]

sudo cp /etc/X11/xorg.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/X11/xorg.conf

*Finn denne delen

Section "Module"
Load "i2c"
Load "bitmap"
...
Load "type1"
Load "vbe"
EndSection

*Kommenter ut dri og GLcore (hvis det er der)

# Load "dri"
# Load "GLcore"

*Sørg for at glx modulen lastes

Load "glx"

*Finn denne delen (dine verdier kan variere fra dette)

Section "Device"
Identifier "NVIDIA Corporation NV34M [GeForce FX Go5200]"
Driver "nv"
BusID "PCI:1:0:0"
EndSection

*Bytt ut med følgende linjer. La Identifier og BusID være som det var:

Section "Device"
...
Driver "nvidia"
...
Option "RenderAccel" "true"
Option "AllowGLXWithComposite" "true"
EndSection

*Finn denne delen

Section "Screen"
Identifier "Default Screen"
Device "NVIDIA Corporation NV34M [GeForce FX Go5200]"
Monitor "Generic Monitor"
DefaultDepth 16

*Sørg for at DefaultDepth er satt til 24, hvis det ikke er det allerede

DefaultDepth 24

*Lagre den redigerte filen
*Installer Xgl/Compiz

sudo apt-get install compiz xserver-xgl libgl1-mesa xserver-xorg libglitz-glx1 compiz-gnome
sudo cp /etc/gdm/gdm.conf-custom /etc/gdm/gdm.conf-custom-backup
gksudo gedit /etc/gdm/gdm.conf-custom

*Bytt ut alt med følgende:

# GDM Configuration Customization file.
#
# This file is the appropriate place for specifying your customizations to the
# GDM configuration. If you run gdmsetup, it will automatically edit this
# file for you and will cause the daemon and any running GDM GUI programs to
# automatically update with the new configuration. Not all configuration
# options are supported by gdmsetup, so to modify some values it may be
# necessary to modify this file directly by hand.
#
# To hand-edit this file, simply add or modify the key=value combination in
# the appropriate section in the template below. Refer to the comments in the
# gdm.conf file for information about each option. Also refer to the reference
# documentation.
#
# If you hand edit a GDM configuration file, you should run the following
# command to get the GDM daemon to notice the change. Any running GDM GUI
# programs will also be notified to update with the new configuration.
#
# gdmflexiserver --command="UPDATE_CONFIG <configuration key>"
#
# For example, the "Enable" key in the "[debug]" section would be specified by
# "debug/Enable".
#
# You can also run gdm-restart or gdm-safe-restart to cause GDM to restart and
# re-read the new configuration settings. You can also restart GDM by sending
# a HUP or USR1 signal to the daemon. HUP behaves like gdm-restart and causes
# any user session started by GDM to exit immediately while USR1 behaves like
# gdm-safe-restart and will wait until all users log out before restarting GDM.
#
# For full reference documentation see the gnome help browser under
# GNOME|System category. You can also find the docs in HTML form on
# http://www.gnome.org/projects/gdm/
#
# NOTE: Lines that begin with "#" are considered comments.
#
# Have fun!

[daemon]

[security]

[xdmcp]

[gui]

[greeter]

[chooser]

[debug]

[servers]# Override display 1 to use Xgl
0=Xgl

[server-Xgl]
name=Xgl server
command=/usr/bin/Xgl :0 -fullscreen -ac -accel glx:pbuffer -accel xv:fbo
flexible=true

*Lag et skript som kjører Xgl/Compiz under oppstarten

gksudo gedit /usr/bin/thefuture

*Legg inn følgende linjer i den nye filen. Bytt ut .no med landskoden for ditt tastatur. F.eks .gb for England. For en full liste av tastaturbindinger, skriv ''ls /usr/share/xmodmap'' i en terminal. Hvis du er usikker, la det være som .no (Norge)

#!/bin/bash
gnome-window-decorator & compiz --replace gconf decoration wobbly fade minimize cube rotate zoom scale move resize place switcher &
xmodmap /usr/share/xmodmap/xmodmap.no

*Lagre filen

sudo chmod 755 /usr/bin/thefuture

*For å kjøre compiz for denne sesjonen

thefuture

*For å laste compiz under oppstarten
**System -> Egenskaper -> Sesjoner
***Oppstartsprogrammer -> Legg til
**System -> Preferences -> Sessions
***Startup Programs -> Add

/usr/bin/thefuture

**Klikk Ok og lukk
**Les [[#Hvordan restarter jeg GNOME uten å restarte maskinen?]]

*Feilsøking
**Hvis Xgl/Compiz ikke virker, eller du får feilmeldinger, start maskinen din på nytt etter å ha lagt til "thefuture" til oppstartsprogrammene.
**Hvis det treger ned systemet å flytte vinduer, kjør gconf-editor fra en terminal. Finn app/compiz/general/screen0/options. Fjern detect_refresh_rate og sett oppdateringsfrekvens/"refresh rate" til 60. Alt burde virke fint nå...
**Hvis du bruker et ikke standard tastaturoppsett (annet språk), må du kanskje forandre det tilbake til det du trenger, hvis tastaturer oppfører seg rart. System/Instillinger/Tastatur eller System/Settings/Keyboard.
**Du kan også sette superknapp/"Super-key" til vindusknappen her.
**Hvis du ikke vil ha underpanelet, skriv "killall gnome-panel" i en terminal.

*Tips
**Bytt vinduer = Alt + Tab
**Arranger og se alle vinduer = F12 skrur på eller av; klikke på et vindu vil zoome det in til fronten
**Bytt skrivebord med kuben = Ctrl + Alt + Left/Right Arrow
**Bytt skrivebord med kuben - med påfølgende aktive vinduer = Ctrl + Shift + Alt + Left/Right Arrow
**Roter kuben manuellt = Ctrl + Alt + left-click
**Gjør vinduet gjennomsiktig = for øyebilkket bare mulig med verktøyet "transset"
**Zoom-inn en gang = Superknapp og høyreklikk
**Zoom-inn manuellt = Superknapp + musehjulet opp
**Zoom-ut manuellt = Superknapp + musehjulet ned
**Flytt vindu = Alt + venstreklikk
**Hurtigflytt vindu (vil lime seg til kantene) = Ctrl + Alt + venstreklikk
**Gi vinduet ny størrelse = Alt + høyreklikk

==== Hvordan installerer jeg Xgl/Compiz (ATI)? ====

*Les [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Les [[#Hvordan installerer jeg Grafikkkort Drivere (ATI)?]]
*Se http://wiki.cchtml.com/index.php/Xgl-Compiz-Dapper

==== Hvordan installerer jeg et alternativt bilde i oppstarten? ====

*Les [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Dette installerer et minimalistisk bilde som vises under oppstarten av maskinen og når du slår den av. Alle tekstmeldinger er fjernet.

wget -c http://www.users.on.net/~stubby/usplash-minimalistic_0.1.deb
sudo dpkg -i usplash-minimalistic_0.1.deb
sudo update-alternatives --config usplash-artwork.so

*Velg det minimalistiske alternativet (/usr/local/lib/usplash/minimalastic.so) ved å skrive det korresponderende nummeret. Hvis du noen gang skulle ønske å gå tilbake til det orginale oppstartsbildet, velg standarden (/usr/lib/usplash/usplash-default.so)

*Restart maskinen for å se effektene
*Se den offisielle [https://help.ubuntu.com/community/USplashCustomizationHowto USplash Customization HOWTO] for flere tilpasninger.

== Komersielle Programmer ==

==== Hvordan installerer jeg Windows 9X/ME/2000/XP? (Win4Lin) ====

*http://www.win4lin.com

==== Hvordan installerer jeg Windowsprogrammer? (CrossOver Office) ====

*http://www.codeweavers.com

==== Hvordan installerer jeg Windowsspill? (Cedega) ====

*http://www.transgaming.com

== User Administration ==

==== How to set/change/enable root user password ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]

sudo passwd root

==== How to disable root user account ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]

sudo passwd -l root

==== How to allow root user to login into GNOME ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Read [[#How to set/change/enable root user password]]
*System -> Administration -> Login Screen Setup
*Login Screen Setup

Security Tab -> Security -> Allow root to login with GDM ('''Checked''')

==== How to switch to root user in Console mode ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]

sudo -s -H
Password: <specify user password>

==== How to add/edit/delete system users ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*System -> Administration -> Users and Groups
*Users and Groups

Users Tab -> Add User.../Properties/Delete

:'''or'''

sudo useradd jim
sudo userdel jim

*For more info read

man usermod

==== How to add/edit/delete system groups ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*System -> Administration -> Users and Groups
*Users and Groups

Groups Tab -> Add Group.../Properties/Delete

==== How to automatic login into GNOME (not secure) ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*System -> Administration -> Login Window

Security Tab -> Enable Automatic Login ('''Checked''')
Now choose a user from the drop-down menu.

==== How to allow more sudoers ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]

EDITOR=gedit sudo visudo

*Append the following line at the end of file

system_username ALL=(ALL) ALL

*Save the edited file

'''OR''' since everyone in the '''admin''' group can use ''sudo'':
sudo adduser a_username admin

This appends the admin group to the user's supplementary group list. They will now have sudo access.

==== How to use "sudo" without prompt for password (not secure) ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]

EDITOR=gedit sudo visudo

*Find this line

...
system_username ALL=(ALL) ALL
...

*Replace with the following line

system_username ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL

*Save the edited file

==== How to explicitly destroy the "sudo" session ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]

sudo -K

==== How to change files/folders permissions ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]

Right click on files/folders -> '''Properties'''

Permissions Tab -> Read/Write/Execute (Checked the permissions for Owner/Group/Others)

==== How to change files/folders ownership ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]

sudo chown system_username /location_of_files_or_folders

==== How to change files/folders group ownership ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]

sudo chgrp system_groupname /location_of_files_or_folders

== Hardware ==
==== Activate side-mouse-buttons in FireFox ====
Just add two lines to xorg.conf will activate side-mouse-buttons in FireFox. This should work with most 5-button mouse. Here is a list of mice that worked with this instruction.
* Logitech MX510
* Logitech MX518
* Logitech MX700
* Intellimouse Explorer (first edition)

Backup Gnome configuration file
sudo cp /etc/X11/xorg.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf.bak

Modify the Gnome configuration file
gksudo gedit /etc/X11/xorg.conf

Find the Input Device section for your mouse and add two lines as shown below. You may also increase the number of buttons if your mouse has more than 7, just fix the rest of the section based upon the number of buttons (remember back/forward, wheel click & tilt left/right all count as buttons)

Change:

Section "InputDevice"
Identifier "Configured Mouse"
Driver "mouse"
Option "CorePointer"
...
Option "Protocol" "ExplorerPS/2"
...
Option "Emulate3Buttons" "true"
EndSection

to:

Section "InputDevice"
Identifier "Configured Mouse"
Driver "mouse"
Option "CorePointer"
...
Option "Protocol" "ExplorerPS/2"
...
Option "Emulate3Buttons" "true"
Option "Buttons" "7"
Option "ButtonMapping" "1 2 3 6 7"
EndSection

At this point you can reboot your computer or reboot Gnome (Ctrl-Alt-BackSpace) to see if your forward/back buttons work in FireFox. They still won't work in Nautilus yet until you install the imwheel dameon.

==== Install & Configure IMWheel ====
*Install IMWheel
sudo apt-get install imwheel

*Modify IMWheel configuration file
gksudo gedit /etc/X11/imwheel/imwheelrc

*Insert the following at the bottom of this existing file

".*"
None, Up, Alt_L|Left
None, Down, Alt_L|Right

"(null)"
None, Up, Alt_L|Left
None, Down, Alt_L|Right

*Create IMWheel start-up script

sudo mkdir /home/login
gksudo gedit /home/login/mouse

*Insert the following into this new file

#!/bin/sh
exec xmodmap -e "pointer = 1 2 3 6 7 4 5" &
exec imwheel -k -b "67" &
exec $REALSTARTUP

*Grant execution for everyone to this new script
sudo chmod +x /home/login/mouse

*Configure this script to be executed at start-up
*# Select 'System' > 'Preferences' > 'Sessions'
*# Click the StartUp tab
*# Click Add, then input: /home/login/mouse
*# Click OK, then Close

*Reboot your computer or your Gnome environment and then test your back/forward mouse buttons in Nautilus

==== Hvordan installerer jeg Grafikkkort Drivere (NVIDIA)? ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Read [[#Hvordan legger man til ekstra reservoar?]]

sudo apt-get install nvidia-glx nvidia-kernel-common
sudo nvidia-glx-config enable

*Should the above not enable the new driver, you can enable it manually by opening the X config file:

sudo gedit /etc/X11/xorg.conf

*and replacing "nv" with "nvidia"

*Read [[#Hvordan restarter jeg GNOME uten å restarte maskinen?]]

*Enable XvMC by creating the nVidia XvMC configuration file

sudo gedit /etc/X11/XvMCConfig

*Insert the following line into the new configuration file, to tell the players the name of the nVidia XvMC shared library:

libXvMCNVIDIA_dynamic.so.1

*To use XvMC to accelerate video playback, use the following flags. See [[http://www.penlug.org/twiki/bin/view/Main/LinuxHardwareInfoNvidia5200]] for more details.

xine -V xxmc filename.ts
mplayer -vo xvmc -vc ffmpeg12mc filename.ts

==== How to disable NVIDIA graphics logo on GNOME startup ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Read [[#Hvordan installerer jeg Grafikkkort Drivere (NVIDIA)?]]

sudo cp /etc/X11/xorg.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/X11/xorg.conf

*Find this section

...
Section "Device"
Identifier "NVIDIA Corporation NV11 [GeForce2 MX/MX 400]"
Driver "nvidia"
BusID "PCI:1:0:0"
...

*Add the following line below it

Option "NoLogo"

*Save the edited file
*Read [[#Hvordan restarter jeg GNOME uten å restarte maskinen?]]

==== Hvordan installerer jeg Grafikkkort Drivere (ATI)? ====

*See [http://wiki.cchtml.com/index.php/Ubuntu_Installation_Guide Unofficial ATI Linux driver wiki]
*Or [http://ubuntuforums.org/showpost.php?p=423584 Ubuntuforums.org]
*Or [http://www.penlug.org/twiki/bin/view/Main/LinuxHardwareInfoATIRadeonX800 PenLUG.org]

==== How to install Graphics Driver (Intel) ====

'''Note:''' This driver is for Intel® 82830M, 82845G, 82852GM, 82855GM, 82865G, and 82915G/GM graphics controller-based products only.

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Read [[#Hvordan installerer jeg .rpm til .deb koverter (Alien)?]]
wget -c http://downloadmirror.intel.com/df-support/8211/eng/dri-I915-v1.1-20041217.i386.rpm
sudo alien dri-I915-v1.1-20041217.i386.rpm
sudo dpkg -i dri-i915_v1.1-20041218_i386.deb

==== How to Correct the Graphics Resolution (Intel) ====
*Read [[#How to enable Large Widescreen Support]] if you have a larger (>20") monitor

*Intel 915g, 945g, etc. graphics chipsets only have a limited set of resolutions initially installed, despite the correct driver being detected.
*Install the resolution altering tool:

sudo apt-get install 915resolution

*Run the following to see the availible modes:

915resolution -l

*Choose a resolution you don't need and replace, for example the following changes 1920x1440 to 1920x1200

915resolution 5c 1920 1200

*This should add the option for that resolution to the "System>Preferences>Screen Resolution" tool.
*If it works correctly then you can make the change permanent:

sudo gedit /etc/rc.local

*Simply add the command you typed in above before:

exit 0

==== How to detect CPU temperature, fan speeds and voltages (lm-sensors) ====
*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Read [[#Hvordan legger man til ekstra reservoar?]]

sudo apt-get install lm-sensors

Create file called mkdev.sh, and paste in the following
#!/bin/bash

# Here you can set several defaults.

# The number of devices to create (max: 256)
NUMBER=32

# The owner and group of the devices
OUSER=root
OGROUP=root
# The mode of the devices
MODE=600

# This script doesn't need to be run if devfs is used
if [ -r /proc/mounts ] ; then
if grep -q "/dev devfs" /proc/mounts ; then
echo "You do not need to run this script as your system uses devfs."
exit;
fi
fi

i=0;

while [ $i -lt $NUMBER ] ; do
echo /dev/i2c-$i
mknod -m $MODE /dev/i2c-$i c 89 $i || exit
chown "$OUSER:$OGROUP" /dev/i2c-$i || exit
i=$[$i + 1]
done
#end of file

Make this file executable, then run it
sudo chmod +x mkdev.sh
./mkdev.sh

Now detect sensors, and answer "y" to all questions.
sudo sensors-detect

Load the modules into kernel
sensors -s

Now, let's see the output
sensors

==== How to control fan speed (lm-sensors) ====
Install and config lm-sensors first, see section above. Then run pwmconfig to test your fans

pwmconfig

If you can control fan speeds, great. Now creat a file called /etc/init.d/fancontrol, and paste in the following
#!/bin/sh
#
# Fancontrol start script.
#

set -e

# Defaults
DAEMON=/usr/sbin/fancontrol
PIDFILE=/var/run/fancontrol-pid
PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin

test -f $DAEMON || exit 0

. /lib/lsb/init-functions

case "$1" in
start)
log_begin_msg "Starting fancontrol daemon..."
start-stop-daemon --start -o -q -m -b -p $PIDFILE -x $DAEMON
log_end_msg $?
;;
stop)
log_begin_msg "Stopping fancontrol daemon..."
start-stop-daemon --stop -o -q -p $PIDFILE
log_end_msg $?
;;
force-reload|restart)
sh $0 stop
sh $0 start
;;
*)
log_success_msg "Usage: /etc/init.d/fancontrol {start|stop|restart|force-reload}"
log_success_msg " start - starts system-wide fancontrol service"
log_success_msg " stop - stops system-wide fancontrol service"
log_success_msg " restart, force-reload - starts a new system-wide fancontrol service"
exit 1
;;
esac

exit 0

Make it excutable
sudo chmod +x /etc/init.d/fancontrol

Test it
/etc/init.d/fancontrol start
and
/etc/init.d/fancontrol stop

If it works fine, autoload it when you reboot. Insert the following line into /etc/rc.local, before "exit 0"
/etc/init.d/fancontrol start

==== How to monitor CPU, GPU temperatures, fan speeds and voltages (GKrellM) ====
*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Read [[#Hvordan legger man til ekstra reservoar?]]

*You need lm-sensors to display CPU temps, fan speed, and voltages in GKrellM.
*You need nvidia driver to display nvidia GPU temperatures.
*You need hddtemp to display harddrive temperatures

GKrellM is a hardware monitor that can display CPU and GPU temperatures, fan speeds, voltages, CPU load, network load, disk activity, disk temperature, memory usage, and swap usage. The installation is very easy, and configuration is just a few mouse-clicks. You can set alerts to warn you if the CPU is too hot or there is a fan failure. The hddtemp utility works with GKrellM to allow it to sense the disk temperature, as keeping your disks cool (e.g. less than around 40C) will allow them to last longer than if they run continually at higher temperatures (e.g. above 50C).

sudo apt-get install gkrellm hddtemp

To run the program

Click Applications -> System Tools -> GKrellM

To configure the settings,

Right click on GKrellM -> Configuration

I was struggling with lm_sensors before, but it doesn't detect all of the sensors on my computer. Later I found "GKrellM". It displays the GPU temperature on my nVidia 6600 GT out of the box. GKrellM also has plugins that show weather info, set reminders, etc.

'''Add an audio alert (optional Step):'''
Here is how to play an audio message when the CPU is too hot or a fan fails. First you need to find or record your own audio alert files. (I use Audacity to record my own.) Then go to:

Configuration -> Builtins folder (Left side)-> Sensors -> Temperatures folder (Right side)-> CPU -> Alerts Button

Paste ONE of the following lines into a Terminal window first to test the sound. If you have two sound cards, you can use "-ao oss:/dev/dsp1" option to route the sound to the second sound card. Modify the file path and name so it points to the correct file. If you can hear the sound, then copy that line to a command line text field on the GKrellM's Alerts window.

mplayer /home/myfolder/alert_messages/heat_alert.mp3
mplayer -ao oss:/dev/dsp1 /home/myfolder/alert_messages/heat_alert.mp3

==== How to identify Modem chipset ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*To install Modem chipset identifier
*Read [[#Hvordan installerer jeg grunnleggende kompileringsverktøy (build-essential)?]]

wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/scanModem.gz
gunzip -c scanModem.gz > scanModem
chmod +x scanModem
sudo cp scanModem /usr/bin/

*To identify Modem chipset

sudo scanModem
gedit Modem/ModemData.txt

==== How to install Windows Wireless Drivers (Ndiswrapper) ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*In order to install ndiswrapper you need a copy the windows drivers for your Wireless ethernet device.
*This is only ment to be installed if your card isn't supported.
*Please visit [http://ndiswrapper.sourceforge.net/mediawiki/index.php/List Official supported cards list]

*Find out if you have acx module loaded.
lsmod | grep acx

*If you have acx module loaded, remove it. It could also be acx_pci or similar.
sudo rmmod acx
sudo mv /lib/modules/2.6.15-26-386/kernel/drivers/net/wireless/acx /root/

*Install ndiswrapper and drivers
sudo apt-get install ndiswrapper-utils
sudo ndiswrapper -i /location_of_your_wireless_driver/your_driver.inf
sudo ndiswrapper -l
sudo modprobe ndiswrapper

*Set ndiswrapper to load on startup

sudo ndiswrapper -m
gksudo gedit /etc/modules

*Add the following module to the list

ndiswrapper

*Now you can configure your wireless card with ifconfig and iwconfig.

:''e.g. Supposing wlan0 is your wireless device.

sudo iwconfig wlan0 essid "AP" key ababababababababab mode Managed
iwconfig

*You sould now be able to see the MAC address of the access point and signal rate.

==== How to enable WPA with Ndiswrapper driver ====
*First, make sure the Ndiswrapper driver works by itself without encryption.

*Create a file called /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf, and paste in the following. Modify the ssid and psk values.
ctrl_interface=/var/run/wpa_supplicant
network={
ssid="YourWiFiSSID"
psk="YourWiFiPassword"
key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
proto=WPA
pairwise=TKIP
}

*Test it. Make sure your router is broadcasting its SSID.
sudo wpa_supplicant -Dwext -iwlan0 -c/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf -dd

*If you WPA works. Load it automatically when you reboot.
gksudo gedit /etc/network/interfaces

*Change your wlan0 section to the following.

If you are using static IP:
auto wlan0
iface wlan0 inet static
address 192.168.1.20
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 192.168.1.1
pre-up wpa_supplicant -Bw -Dwext -iwlan0 -c/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf
post-down killall -q wpa_supplicant

or this, if you are using dhcp.
auto wlan0
iface wlan0 inet dhcp
pre-up wpa_supplicant -Bw -Dwext -iwlan0 -c/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf
post-down killall -q wpa_supplicant

*Reboot

==== How to install Modem Driver (SmartLink) ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Read [[#Hvordan legger man til ekstra reservoar?]]

uname -r (must be 2.6.10-5-386)
wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/sl-modem-modules-2.6.10-5-386_2.9.9a-1ubuntu2+2.6.10-34_i386.deb
sudo dpkg -i sl-modem-modules-*.deb
sudo apt-get install sl-modem-daemon

==== How to configure PalmOS Devices ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]

gksudo gedit /etc/udev/rules.d/10-custom.rules

*Insert the following line into the new file

BUS="usb", SYSFS{product}="Palm Handheld*", KERNEL="ttyUSB*", NAME{ignore_remove}="pilot", MODE="666"

*Save the edited file
*Add the pilot-applet to the Taskbar by Right-Clicking on an empty spot
*Follow the instructions on screen

==== How to list partition tables ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]

sudo fdisk -l

*You can also use System -> Administration -> Disks

==== How to list filesystem disk space usage ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]

df -Th

*You can also use System -> Administration -> Disks

==== How to list mounted devices ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]

mount

==== How to list PCI devices ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]

lspci

==== How to list USB devices ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]

lsusb

==== Hvordan øker jeg hastigheten på CD/DVD-rommen? ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]

:''e.g. Assumed that /dev/cdrom is the location of CD/DVD-ROM''

sudo hdparm -d1 /dev/cdrom
sudo cp /etc/hdparm.conf /etc/hdparm.conf_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/hdparm.conf

*Append the following lines at the end of file

/dev/cdrom {
dma = on
}

*Save the edited file

==== How to mount/unmount CD/DVD-ROM manually, and show all hidden and associated files/folders ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]

:''e.g. Assumed that /media/cdrom0/ is the location of CD/DVD-ROM''

*To mount CD/DVD-ROM

sudo mount /media/cdrom0/ -o unhide

*To unmount CD/DVD-ROM

sudo umount /media/cdrom0/

==== How to forcefully unmount CD/DVD-ROM manually ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]

:''e.g. Assumed that /media/cdrom0/ is the location of CD/DVD-ROM''

sudo umount /media/cdrom0/ -l

==== How to remount /etc/fstab without rebooting ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]

sudo mount -a

==== How to install a Wacom tablet ====

'''For a detailed guide with screenshots about how to configure the "Extended input devices" in your graphic applications, please follow the official Dapper guide at https://wiki.ubuntu.com//Wacom '''

''With the version of the Linux Wacom driver (0.7.2) in Ubuntu 6.06 Dapper Drake, if you unplug you tablet, it won't function when you plug it back in and you will have to restart X. For this reason, it is best to leave the tablet plugged in. This limitation will be removed when the 0.7.4 version of the driver is included in Ubuntu.''

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]

* 1. Using Synaptic package manager1, check if the packages xserver-xorg-input-wacom and wacom-tools are already installed - if not, install them. If you prefer using the command line, you can also execute :

sudo apt-get install xserver-xorg-input-wacom wacom-tools

* 2. Save a copy of your /etc/X11/xorg.conf :

sudo cp /etc/X11/xorg.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf.backup

* then edit it with the command line :

gksudo gedit /etc/X11/xorg.conf

* and change all /dev/wacom occurences into /dev/input/wacom (created by wacom-tools udev scripts), then save the file.

*You should be ready to go after you have restarted X. Remember to configure the "Extended input devices" in your graphic applications (Gimp, Inkscape), however you can already check if it's working by moving your stylus on the tablet : the mouse cursor should go through the whole screen.

==== How to enable Multicore Support ====

* This should work for both Multicore systems and SMP systems

sudo apt-get install linux-686-smp

* You can check that this works by running the following and seeing two CPUs listed

cat /proc/cpuinfo

==== How to enable Large Widescreen Support ====

*24/23" widescreen monitors sometimes have issues running 1920x1200.
*Examples include: Dell 2405, HP 2335 or an Apple Cinema Display.

sudo gedit /etc/X11/xorg.conf

*Add the following line to the appropriate "Monitor" section

Modeline "1920x1200" 154 1920 1968 2000 2080 1200 1203 1209 1235

*For example the HP2335 should now look like:

Section "Monitor"
Identifier "hp L2335"
Option "DPMS"
Modeline "1920x1200" 154 1920 1968 2000 2080 1200 1203 1209 1235
EndSection

== CD/DVD Burning ==

==== How to blank CD-RW/DVD-RW ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]

:''e.g. Assumed that /dev/cdrom is the location of CD/DVD-ROM''

sudo umount /dev/cdrom
cdrecord dev=/dev/cdrom blank=fast

==== How to burn files/folders into CD/DVD ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]

nautilus burn:///

*File Browser: CD/DVD Creator

*Drag files/folders into window

File Menu -> Write to Disc... -> Write

==== How to burn Image (ISO) files into CD/DVD ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]

Right click on Image (ISO) file -> Write to Disc... -> Write

==== How to duplicate CD/DVD ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Read [[#How to create Image (ISO) files from CD/DVD]]
*Read [[#How to burn Image (ISO) files into CD/DVD]]

==== How to create Image (ISO) files from CD/DVD ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]

:''e.g. Assumed that /dev/cdrom is the location of CD/DVD-ROM''

sudo umount /dev/cdrom
dd if=/dev/cdrom of=file.iso bs=1024

==== How to create Image (ISO) files from folders ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]

mkisofs -o file.iso /location_of_folder/

==== How to generate MD5 checksum files ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]

md5sum file.iso > file.iso.md5

==== How to check MD5 checksum of files ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]

:''e.g. Assumed that file.iso and file.iso.md5 are in the same folder''

md5sum -c file.iso.md5

==== How to mount/unmount Image (ISO) files without burning ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*To mount Image (ISO) file

sudo mkdir /media/iso
sudo modprobe loop
sudo mount file.iso /media/iso/ -t iso9660 -o loop

*To unmount Image (ISO) file

sudo umount /media/iso/

==== How to set/change the burn speed for CD/DVD Burner ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Applications -> System Tools -> Configuration Editor
*Configuration Editor

/ -> apps -> nautilus-cd-burner -> default_speed (set/change the burn speed)

==== How to enable burnproof for CD/DVD Burner ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Applications -> System Tools -> Configuration Editor
*Configuration Editor

/ -> apps -> nautilus-cd-burner -> burnproof ('''Checked''')

==== How to enable overburn for CD/DVD Burner ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Applications -> System Tools -> Configuration Editor
*Configuration Editor

/ -> apps -> nautilus-cd-burner -> overburn ('''Checked''')

== Networking ==

==== How to configure Google Talk ====

*See the answer at [http://www.google.com/support/talk/bin/answer.py?answer=24073 Google Talk Help Center]

==== How to activate/deactivate network connections ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*System -> Administration -> Networking
*Network settings

Connections Tab -> Select "Ethernet connection" -> Activate/Deactivate

==== How to configure network connections ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*System -> Administration -> Networking
*Network settings

Connections Tab -> Select "Ethernet connection" -> '''Properties'''
Connection -> Enable this connection ('''Checked''')
Connection Settings -> Configuration: Select "DHCP/Static IP address"

DNS Tab -> DNS Servers -> Add/Delete

*Read [[#How to activate/deactivate network connections]]

==== How to configure dialup connections ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*To configure dialup

sudo pppconfig

*To connect dialup

sudo pon provider_name

*To disconnect dialup

sudo poff

==== How to configure broadband connections ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]

sudo pppoeconf

==== How to change computer name ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*System -> Administration -> Networking
*Network settings

General Tab -> Host Settings -> Hostname: Specify the computer name

*Save and close all opened applications, Reboot computer

==== How to change computer descriptions ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Read [[#Hvordan installerer jeg Samba Server for Windows fildeling?]]

sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf

*Find this line

...
server string = %h server (Samba, Ubuntu)
...

*Replace with the following line

server string = new_computer_descriptions

*Save the edited file

sudo testparm
sudo /etc/init.d/samba restart

==== How to change computer Domain/Workgroup ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Read [[#Hvordan installerer jeg Samba Server for Windows fildeling?]]

sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf

*Find this line

...
workgroup = MSHOME
...

*Replace with the following line

workgroup = new_domain_or_workgroup

*Save the edited file

sudo testparm
sudo /etc/init.d/samba restart

==== How to assign Hostname to local machine with dynamic IP using free DynDNS service ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Read [[#Hvordan legger man til ekstra reservoar?]]
*Register free Dynamic DNS at http://www.dyndns.com/services/dns/dyndns

sudo apt-get install ipcheck
gksudo gedit /etc/ppp/ip-up.d/dyndns_update.sh

*Insert the following lines into the new file
<pre>
#!/bin/sh

USERNAME=myusername
PASSWORD=mypassword
HOSTNAME=myhostname.dyndns.org

cd /root/
if [ -f /root/ipcheck.dat ]; then
ipcheck -r checkip.dyndns.org:8245 $USERNAME $PASSWORD $HOSTNAME
else
ipcheck --makedat -r checkip.dyndns.org:8245 $USERNAME $PASSWORD $HOSTNAME
fi
</pre>
*Save the edited file

sudo chmod 700 /etc/ppp/ip-up.d/dyndns_update.sh
sudo sh /etc/ppp/ip-up.d/dyndns_update.sh

==== How to share folders the easy way ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Read [[#Hvordan installerer jeg Samba Server for Windows fildeling?]]

Right click on folder -> Share folder

Shared folder -> Share with: Select "SMB"
Share properties -> Name: Specify the share name

==== How to browse network computers ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]

:''e.g. Assumed that network connections have been configured properly''
:'' If computers or network folders could not be found, try access them directly''
:'' Read [[#How to access network folders without mounting]]''

*Places -> Network Servers

==== How to access network folders without mounting ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]

:''e.g. Assumed that network connections have been configured properly''
:'' Network computer's IP: 192.168.0.1''
:'' Shared folder's name: linux''

*Press 'Alt+F2' (Run Application...) and enter:

smb://192.168.0.1/linux

==== How to mount/unmount network folders manually, and allow all users to read ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Read [[#Hvordan installerer jeg Samba Server for Windows fildeling?]]

:''e.g. Assumed that network connections have been configured properly''
:'' Network computer's IP: 192.168.0.1''
:'' Network computer's Username: myusername''
:'' Network computer's Password: mypassword''
:'' Shared folder's name: linux''
:'' Local mount folder: /media/sharename''

*To mount network folder

sudo mkdir /media/sharename
sudo mount //192.168.0.1/linux /media/sharename/ -o username=myusername,password=mypassword

*To unmount network folder

sudo umount /media/sharename/

==== How to mount/unmount network folders manually, and allow all users to read/write ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Read [[#Hvordan installerer jeg Samba Server for Windows fildeling?]]

:''e.g. Assumed that network connections have been configured properly''
:'' Network computer's IP: 192.168.0.1''
:'' Network computer's Username: myusername''
:'' Network computer's Password: mypassword''
:'' Shared folder's name: linux''
:'' Local mount folder: /media/sharename''

*To mount network folder

sudo mkdir /media/sharename
sudo mount //192.168.0.1/linux /media/sharename/ -o username=myusername,password=mypassword,dmask=777,fmask=777

*To unmount network folder

sudo umount /media/sharename/

==== How to mount network folders on boot-up, and allow all users to read ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Read [[#Hvordan installerer jeg Samba Server for Windows fildeling?]]

:''e.g. Assumed that network connections have been configured properly''
:'' Network computer's IP: 192.168.0.1''
:'' Network computer's Username: myusername''
:'' Network computer's Password: mypassword''
:'' Shared folder's name: linux''
:'' Local mount folder: /media/sharename''

sudo mkdir /media/sharename
gksudo gedit /root/.smbcredentials

*Insert the following lines into the new file

username=myusername
password=mypassword

*Save the edited file

sudo chmod 700 /root/.smbcredentials
sudo cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/fstab

*Append the following line at the end of file

//192.168.0.1/linux /media/sharename smbfs credentials=/root/.smbcredentials 0 0

*Save the edited file
*Read [[#How to remount /etc/fstab without rebooting]]

==== How to mount network folders on boot-up, and allow all users to read/write ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Read [[#Hvordan installerer jeg Samba Server for Windows fildeling?]]

:''e.g. Assumed that network connections have been configured properly''
:'' Network computer's IP: 192.168.0.1''
:'' Network computer's Username: myusername''
:'' Network computer's Password: mypassword''
:'' Shared folder's name: linux''
:'' Local mount folder: /media/sharename''

sudo mkdir /media/sharename
gksudo gedit /root/.smbcredentials

*Insert the following lines into the new file

username=myusername
password=mypassword

*Save the edited file

sudo chmod 700 /root/.smbcredentials
sudo cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/fstab

*Append the following line at the end of file

//192.168.0.1/linux /media/sharename smbfs credentials=/root/.smbcredentials,dmask=777,fmask=777 0 0

*Save the edited file
*Read [[#How to remount /etc/fstab without rebooting]]

==== How to get ipw2200 and wpa to work ====

*See [http://www.ubuntuforums.org/showpost.php?p=130227p=423584 Ubuntuforuns.org how-tos]

==== How to Configure and start PPTP tunnels (VPN) ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Use [http://pptpclient.sourceforge.net/howto-ubuntu.phtml these instructions] to automatically install PPTP Client
:'''OR'''
*Install manually

wget -c http://linux.edu.lv/uploads/content/pptp.tar.gz
tar zxvf pptp.tar.gz
sudo sh ./pptp/install

*To configure PPTP Client

gksudo gedit /usr/share/applications/pptpconfig.desktop

*Replace content of this file with the following lines

[Desktop Entry]
Name=PPTP Client
Comment=Configure and start PPTP tunnels (VPN)
Categories=Application;Network
Encoding=UTF-8
Exec=gksudo pptpconfig
Icon=gnome-remote-desktop.png
StartupNotify=true
Terminal=false
Type=Application

*The above lines change the default file in three ways: the application is placed in the Application/Internet category, gksudo will make the application run as superuser and we put a nice icon that appears in the menu.
*Start the client with ''Applications -> Internet -> PPTP Client''

==== How to Configure Ubuntu/Kubuntu with WPA using Network-Manager ====
Ubuntu Dapper in typical cases can configure WPA to work out of the box with minimal hassle. You'll need to install network-manager.

For Ubuntu:

sudo apt-get install network-manager-gnome

For Kubuntu (will install knetworkmanager):

sudo apt-get install network-manager-kde

Logout/Reboot.

Ubuntu users should now see the NetworkManager Applet in the Gnome notification area. Kubuntu users will probably have to run <tt>knetworkmanager</tt> before they see NetworkManager in the systray.

If instead, you get a "The NetworkManager applet could not find some required resources. It cannot continue." message, then:

sudo gtk-update-icon-cache -f /usr/share/icons/hicolor

Once Network-Manager is installed, click on the NM icon in the notification area (default is at the top right of Ubuntu/Gnome). Choose your network, then enter your passphrase. Type a password for the keyring, and you're set.

If you don't see your network, click "Create New Wireless Network...", type your essid/networkname, then choose "WPA Personal" for wireless security.

*Note: If you installed Kubuntu then installed ubuntu-desktop & network-manager-gnome, you may not be able to use network-manager in Gnome, if at all. In this case, you may have to use WPA Supplicant and do some manual editing of conf files to get WPA up and running.

*Note: When you first log into Gnome/KDE, the keyring application will ask for a password. Future revisions of Network-Manager should resolve this.

== Remote Desktop ==

==== How to configure remote desktop (not secure) ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]

:''Warning! Remote Desktop will only work if there's a GNOME login session''
:'' Leaving computer with an unattended GNOME login session is not secure''
:'' Use (System -> Lock Screen) and switch off the monitor when computer is left unattended''

*System -> Preferences -> Remote Desktop
*Remote Desktop Preferences

Sharing ->
Allow other users to view your desktop ('''Checked''')
Allow other users to control your desktop ('''Checked''')

Security ->
Ask you for confirmation (Un-Checked)
Require the user to enter this password: ('''Checked''')
Password: Specify the password

==== How to connect into remote Ubuntu desktop ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]

:''e.g. Assumed that remote Ubuntu machine have configured Remote Desktop''
:'' Read [[#How to configure remote desktop (not secure)]]''
:'' Remote Ubuntu machine: 192.168.0.1''

vncviewer -fullscreen 192.168.0.1:0

*To quit vncviewer

Press 'F8' -> Quit viewer

==== How to connect into remote Ubuntu desktop via Windows machine ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]

:''e.g. Assumed that remote Ubuntu machine have configured Remote Desktop''
:'' Read [[#How to configure remote desktop (not secure)]]''
:'' Remote Ubuntu machine: 192.168.0.1''

*If you have a router remember to open the appropiate port. The default one is 5900
:'' This process is called port forwarding [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_forwarding port forwarding]

*Download DotNetVNC: [http://dotnetvnc.sourceforge.net/ Here] or RealVNC [http://www.realvnc.com/ Here]
:'' this is a free DotNet version that require the DotNet framework available from microsoft [http://msdn.microsoft.com/netframework/ here]
:'' The RealVNC website was created and maintained by the original developers of VNC during their time at AT&T. RealVNC comes in Free, Personal, and Enterprise editions - the latter two costing money.

*Open the VNC client you have chosen, and insert the connection string formatted like this <LINUX BOX IP><:DESKTOP NUMBER>|<::PORT>
:'' In example use: 192.168.1.2:0 or 192.168.1.2::5900 to connect to desktop 0, to connect to desktop 1 use 192.168.1.2:1 or 192.168.1.2::5901 and so on

==== How to connect into remote Ubuntu desktop via OSX ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]

:''e.g. Assumed that remote Ubuntu machine have configured Remote Desktop''
:'' Read [[#How to configure remote desktop (not secure)]]''
:'' Remote Ubuntu machine: 192.168.0.1''

*If you have a router remember to open the appropiate port the default one is 5900
:'' This process is called port forwarding [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_forwarding port forwarding]

*Download ChickenOfTheVNC: [http://sourceforge.net/projects/cotvnc/ Here]

*Open ChickenOfTheVNC, and insert the host (IP adress of remote machine), the display number (0 is default and is port 5900) and the password.
:'' In example use: Host: 192.168.0.1, Display 0, Password: password

== Windows ==

==== How to mount/unmount Windows partitions (NTFS) manually, and allow all users to read only ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Read [[#How to list partition tables]]

:''e.g. Assumed that /dev/hda1 is the location of Windows partition (NTFS)''
:'' Local mount folder: /media/windows''

*To mount Windows partition

sudo mkdir /media/windows
sudo mount /dev/hda1 /media/windows/ -t ntfs -o nls=utf8,umask=0222

*To unmount Windows partition

sudo umount /media/windows/

==== How to mount/unmount Windows partitions (FAT) manually, and allow all users to read/write ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Read [[#How to list partition tables]]

:''e.g. Assumed that /dev/hda1 is the location of Windows partition (FAT)''
:'' Local mount folder: /media/windows''

*To mount Windows partition

sudo mkdir /media/windows
sudo mount /dev/hda1 /media/windows/ -t vfat -o iocharset=utf8,umask=000

*To unmount Windows partition

sudo umount /media/windows/

==== How to mount Windows partitions (NTFS) on boot-up, and allow all users to read only ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Read [[#How to list partition tables]]

:''e.g. Assumed that /dev/hda1 is the location of Windows partition (NTFS)''
:'' Local mount folder: /media/windows''

sudo mkdir /media/windows
sudo cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/fstab

*Append the following line at the end of file

/dev/hda1 /media/windows ntfs nls=utf8,umask=0222 0 0

*Save the edited file
*Read [[#How to remount /etc/fstab without rebooting]]

==== How to mount Windows partitions (FAT) on boot-up, and allow all users to read/write ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Read [[#How to list partition tables]]

:''e.g. Assumed that /dev/hda1 is the location of Windows partition (FAT)''
:'' Local mount folder: /media/windows''

sudo mkdir /media/windows
sudo cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/fstab

*Append the following line at the end of file

/dev/hda1 /media/windows vfat iocharset=utf8,umask=000 0 0

*Save the edited file
*Read [[#How to remount /etc/fstab without rebooting]]

==== How to mount Windows partitions (NTFS) on boot-up, and allow users read and write access ====

Warning: Ntfs writing support is still experimental. You should not enable it on production machines and/or volumes you don't have backups of. Proceed at your own risk!

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]

sudo apt-get install libfuse2 fuse-utils

*Download the latest ntfsprogs package (these are from the Dapper repositories, so they are safe to install.)

[http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/l/linux-ntfs/libntfs8_1.12.1-1_i386.deb libntfs8]
[http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/l/linux-ntfs/ntfsprogs_1.12.1-1_i386.deb ntfsprogs]
[http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/f/fuse/libfuse2_2.4.2-0ubuntu3_i386.deb libfuse2]
[http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/f/fuse/fuse-utils_2.4.2-0ubuntu3_i386.deb fuse-utils]

*Install the downloaded packages

sudo dpkg -i libfuse2_*.deb fuse-utils_*.deb ntfsprogs_*.deb libntfs8_*.deb

*Add fuse to the list of modules to load

echo fuse | sudo tee -a /etc/modules

*Create a user group to access the ntfs disks

sudo addgroup ntfs

*The output should look something like this, remember the GID (the number printed after the group name) as it may differ and we will need it later:

:''Adding group `ntfs' (1002)...''
:''Done.''

*Read [[#How to list partition tables]]

*Create the local mount folder and edit the fstab file to mount the disks to this folder.

:''e.g. Assumed that /dev/hda1 is the location of Windows partition (NTFS)''
:'' Local mount folder: /media/windows''

sudo mkdir /media/windows
sudo cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab.bak
gksudo gedit /etc/fstab

*Append the following line at the end of file, using the GID number previously. The umask following this GID allows write access just to owner (root) and group (ntfs), and read access to everyone.

/dev/hda1 /media/windows ntfs-fuse auto,gid=1002,umask=0002 0 0

*Save the edited file.

*Add users to the ntfs group, where "username" is the name of the user you would like to have write access

sudo adduser username ntfs

*Fix Dapper [https://launchpad.net/distros/ubuntu/+source/linux-ntfs/+bug/29865 bug #29865] of the linux-ntfs package:

sudo rm /sbin/mount.ntfs-fuse && sudo ln /usr/bin/ntfsmount /sbin/mount.ntfs-fuse

*If you reboot now, the disk will be writable to the selected users when they logon. If you want the changes to take effect immediately without rebooting, execute the following command, ignoring the errors about "/" and others not being unmounted. You'll have to logout from all your user sessions for the new group to be acknowledged (usually a logout from your graphical session and login back again will do it).

sudo modprobe fuse && sudo umount -a && sudo mount -a

*Further troubleshooting is listed at this [http://www.ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=142481 comprehensive howto thread].

== Security ==

==== What are the basic things I need to know about securing my Ubuntu ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Ensure hard drive is first in BIOS boot-up sequence
**To prevent trespassers from using Linux Installation CD which allows them to gain root user access
**To prevent trespassers from using Linux Live CD (e.g. UBUNTU/KNOPPIX/MEPIS) which allows them to destroy/browse/share the entire hard drive
**To prevent trespassers from installing another Operating System
*Ensure a password is set for BIOS
**To prevent trespassers from changing the BIOS boot-up sequence
*Ensure computer is located at a secured place
**To prevent trespassers from removing computer's hard drive which allows them to destroy/browse/share the entire hard drive from a different computer
**To prevent trespassers from removing computer's on-board battery which resets the BIOS password
*Ensure passwords used on the system cannot be easily guessed
**To prevent trespassers from cracking password file using brute force attacks (e.g. John the Ripper)
**Create password with minimum length of 8 characters
**Create password with mixture of characters/numbers, and upper/lower case
**Not create a password with just a single or just a typical union of main languages (english, german, french, spanish...) dictionary words
*Ensure interactive editing control for GRUB menu is disabled
**To prevent trespassers from modifying kernel boot-up arguments which allows them to have root user access
**Read [[#How to disable all interactive editing control for GRUB menu]]
*Ensure history listing is disabled in Console mode
**To prevent trespassers from seeing previously issued commands
**Read [[#How to disable history listing in Console mode]]
*Ensure Ctrl+Alt+Del is disabled in Console mode
**To prevent trespassers from restarting the system without permission in Console mode
**Read [[#How to disable Ctrl+Alt+Del from restarting computer in Console mode]]
*Ensure interactive option is set for remove, copy and move of files/folders in Console mode
**To prevent accidental removal/overwritten of files/folders
**Read [[#How to enable prompt before removal/overwritten of files/folders in Console mode]]
*For day to day usage, login as a normal user
**To prevent accidental deletion/modification of system files/folders
**Read [[#How to add/edit/delete system users]]
*Disable root user account, use "sudo" instead
**To reduce the amount of time spent with root privileges, and thus the risk of inadvertently executing a command as root
**"sudo" provides a more useful audit trail (/var/log/auth.log)
**Read [[#How to disable root user account]]
*Install a Firewall
**A firewall does not guarantee security but it is in most environments the first line of defense against network based attacks
**Read [[#Hvordan installerer jeg brannmur (Firestarter)?]]
*Perform vulnerability test
**Nessus is a great tool designed to automate the testing and discovery of known security problems
**Read [[#Hvordan installerer jeg sårbarhets skanneren (Nessus)?]]

==== How to disable all interactive editing control for GRUB menu ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]

*Run This:
grub-md5-crypt

Password:
Retype password:
$1$tumnZ1$xB/shuXs7MlawZXkLiBDV/

*Backup your current configuration file
sudo cp /boot/grub/menu.lst /boot/grub/menu.lst_backup
gksudo gedit /boot/grub/menu.lst

*Find this section

...
## password ['--md5'] passwd
# If used in the first section of a menu file, disable all interactive editing
# control (menu entry editor and command-line) and entries protected by the
# command 'lock'
# e.g. password topsecret
# password --md5 $1$tumnZ1$xB/shuXs7MlawZXkLiBDV/
# password topsecret
...

*Add the following line below it

password --md5 $1$tumnZ1$xB/shuXs7MlawZXkLiBDV/ (encrypted password above)

*Find the section(s) that look like this (note the 'recovery mode' and the word 'single'):

...
title Ubuntu, kernel 2.6.10-5-386 (recovery mode)
root (hd0,1)
kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.10-5-386 root=/dev/hda2 ro single
initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.10-5-386
savedefault
boot
...

*Add lock between the title and root lines:

...
title Ubuntu, kernel 2.6.10-5-386 (recovery mode)
lock
root (hd0,1)
...

*Save the edited file
This will make it so your grub console will require a password to edit the lines, and the recovery modes won't work unless the password is typed. To access the other grub options at the menu, follow the instructions at the bottom of the screen. It will be something like pressing '''p''' and typing your password.

==== How to disable history listing in Console mode ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*From [http://gentoo-wiki.com/SECURITY_Adjusting_The_Way_Bash_History_Funtions Gentoo Wiki]:
rm -f .bash_history
gedit ~/.bash_profile

*Add the following:
export HISTFILESIZE=4
unset HISTFILE=5

# Change this to a reasonable number of lines to save, I like to save only 100.
export HISTSIZE=1

# Ignores duplicate lines next to each other
export HISTCONTROL=ignoredups

This will disable Bash history for the user, retaining keystroke history and recall to use while limiting recall history to 100 lines. This will also not record duplicate lines next to each other.

==== How to disable Ctrl+Alt+Del from restarting computer in Console mode ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]

sudo cp /etc/inittab /etc/inittab_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/inittab

*Find this line

...
ca:12345:ctrlaltdel:/sbin/shutdown -t1 -a -r now
...

*Replace with the following line

#ca:12345:ctrlaltdel:/sbin/shutdown -t1 -a -r now

*Save the edited file

sudo telinit q

==== How to enable prompt before removal/overwritten of files/folders in Console mode ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]

sudo cp /etc/bash.bashrc /etc/bash.bashrc_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/bash.bashrc

*Append the following lines at the end of file

alias rm='rm -i'
alias cp='cp -i'
alias mv='mv -i'

*Save the edited file

==== How to setup a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lojack LoJack] system for your laptop ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Read [[#Hvordan legger man til ekstra reservoar?]]
*Read [[#How to assign Hostname to local machine with dynamic IP using free DynDNS service]]

'''What:''' Quote from Wikipedia: "LoJack is an aftermarket vehicle tracking system that allows cars to be tracked by police after being stolen. The manufacturer claims a 90% recovery rate. The name "LoJack" is a play on the word "hijack," meaning the theft of a vehicle through force."

'''Why:''' If your laptop is ever stolen and connected to the Internet. You will be able to find out from what IP it connects to the Internet from and contact the authorities.

'''How:'''

* Get a free dynamic IP account from one of the many providers. Here we will use [https://www.dyndns.com/ DynDNS].

* Install ddclient. In the section [[#How to assign Hostname to local machine with dynamic IP using free DynDNS service]] we installed the package ''ipcheck'', here we prefer to use ''ddclient'' because it can get the IP from an external source on the Internet instead of getting it from a network adapter.

sudo apt-get install ddclient

* Edit the configuration file ''/etc/ddclient.conf'' using you fevorite text editor (emacs, gedit, kedit or even vi)

sudo emacs /etc/ddclient.conf

* Make it look like this:

# Configuration file for ddclient generated by debconf
#
# /etc/ddclient.conf
pid=/var/run/ddclient.pid
protocol=dyndns2
use=web
server=members.dyndns.org
login=YourNameHere
password='YourPasswordHere'
YourHostNameHere.gotmyip.com

: NOTE:
: * Make sure that you use the ''web'' IP detection method.
: * Specify your own user id instead of the place holder ''YourNameHere''.
: * Specify your own password instead of the place holder ''YourPasswordHere'', make sure to surround it with single quotes.
: * The last line should specify the hostname you registered with the dynamic IP service.

* You can now start the ddclient daemon, or wait until your next reboot.

sudo /etc/init.d/ddclient start

* The hostname you registered with your dynamic IP service should be updated. You can test it with the ''ping'' command:

ping YourHostNameHere.gotmyip.com

: Even if your laptop has a firewall that prevents pings the hostname should resolve to the IP of the network gateway that your laptop is connected to.
: Now all that is left is for someone to steal your laptop.....

'''References:'''
* http://ddclient.sourceforge.net/index.php

== Boot menu ==

==== How to gain root user access without login ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Easiest method (will not work if GRUB menu password is set)
**Boot-up computer
**If GRUB menu is hidden, press 'Esc' to enter the GRUB menu
**Select

Ubuntu, kernel 2.6.10-5-386 (recovery mode)

**Press 'Enter' to boot
*Other methods
**Read [[#How to modify kernel boot-up arguments, to gain root user access]]
**Read [[#How to use Ubuntu Installation CD, to gain root user access]]

==== How to modify kernel boot-up arguments, to gain root user access ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Boot-up computer
*If GRUB menu is hidden, press 'Esc' to enter the GRUB menu
*If GRUB password is set, press 'p' to unlock the GRUB menu
*Select

Ubuntu, kernel 2.6.10-5-386

*Press 'e' to edit the commands before booting
*Select

kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.10-5-386 root=/dev/hda2 ro quiet splash

*Press 'e' to edit the selected command in the boot sequence
*Add "rw init=/bin/bash" to the end of the arguments

grub edit> kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.10-5-386 root=/dev/hda2 ro quiet splash rw init=/bin/bash

*Press 'b' to boot

==== How to use Ubuntu Installation CD, to gain root user access ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Boot-up computer into Ubuntu Installation CD
*At "boot:" prompt, add "rescue" to the argument

boot: rescue

*Follow the instructions on screen

==== How to change root user/main user password if forgotten ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Read [[#How to gain root user access without login]]
*To change root user password

# passwd root

*To change main user password

# passwd system_main_username

==== How to change GRUB menu password if forgotten ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]

grub

grub> md5crypt
Password: ****** (ubuntu)
Encrypted: $1$ZWnke0$1fzDBVjUcT1Mpdd4u/T961 (encrypted password)
grub> quit

sudo cp /boot/grub/menu.lst /boot/grub/menu.lst_backup
gksudo gedit /boot/grub/menu.lst

*Find this line

...
password --md5 $1$gLhU0/$aW78kHK1QfV3P2b2znUoe/
...

*Replace with the following line

password --md5 $1$ZWnke0$1fzDBVjUcT1Mpdd4u/T961 (encrypted password above)

*Save the edited file

==== How to restore GRUB menu after Windows installation ====

*Use [http://adrian15.raulete.net/grub/tiki-index.php Super Grub Disk]
*More info on how to use it [http://users.bigpond.net.au/hermanzone/SuperGrubDiskPage.html here]

==== How to identify the name of the boot drive (hd0, hd1, hd2, etc) ====

Press "c" on boot menu. If you don't see a boot menu, press ESC key first when booting to show the boot menu.

Type:

root (hd0,0)

Most likely you will get "(hd0,0) ext2fs", which should be your current Linux drive. Now change hd0 to hd1 to see what is there.

root (hd1,0)

If you get "(hd1,0) filesystem type unknown, partition type 0x7", then hd1 is a Windows drive.

Now change hd1 to hd2, keep going until you reach hd7.

==== How to add Windows entry into GRUB menu ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Read [[#How to list partition tables]]

:''e.g. Assumed that /dev/hda1 is the location of Windows partition''

sudo cp /boot/grub/menu.lst /boot/grub/menu.lst_backup
gksudo gedit /boot/grub/menu.lst

*Append the following lines at the end of file

title Microsoft Windows
root (hd0,0)
savedefault
makeactive
chainloader +1

*Save the edited file

==== How to boot into Windows installed on a seperate SATA drive ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Read [[#How to identify the name of the boot drive (hd0, hd1, hd2, etc)]]

This configuration applies to people who have Linux installed on a IDE drive, and Windows installed on a seperate SATA. The IDE drive boots first, so we need to add an entry to the boot menu on the Linux disk. Here we assume the name of your Windows drive is hd1. If you are not sure, click the link above to find out.

sudo cp /boot/grub/menu.lst /boot/grub/menu.lst_backup
gksudo gedit /boot/grub/menu.lst

*Append the following lines at the end of file.

title Windows XP on SATA drive
map (hd0) (hd1)
map (hd1) (hd0)
chainloader (hd1,0)+1

*Save the edited file

==== How to read Linux partitions (ext2, ext3) in Windows machine ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Download Explore2fs: [http://easylinux.info/uploads/explore2fs-1.07.zip Here]
:OR
*See [http://www.fs-driver.org/index.html www.fs-driver.org]

== Tips & Tricks ==

==== Hvordan restarter jeg GNOME uten å restarte maskinen? ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Save and close all opened applications

Press 'Ctrl + Alt + Backspace'

:or

sudo /etc/init.d/gdm restart

==== How to turn on Num Lock on GNOME startup ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Read [[#Hvordan legger man til ekstra reservoar?]]

sudo apt-get install numlockx
sudo cp /etc/X11/gdm/Init/Default /etc/X11/gdm/Init/Default_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/X11/gdm/Init/Default

*Find this line

...
exit 0

*Add the following lines above it

if [ -x /usr/bin/numlockx ]; then
/usr/bin/numlockx on
fi

*Save the edited file
*Read [[#Hvordan restarter jeg GNOME uten å restarte maskinen?]]

==== How to remap the Caps Lock key as another Control key ====
*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
gksudo gedit /etc/console-tools/remap

===== In the Console =====
*Change
#s/keycode 58 = Caps_Lock/keycode 58 = Control/;
to
s/keycode 58 = Caps_Lock/keycode 58 = Control/;

*Save your work

sudo /etc/init.d/console-screen.sh

*Try using it

===== In X Windows =====
gksudo gedit ~/.Xmodmap

*Add this:
keycode 66 = Control_L
clear Lock
add Control = Control_L

*Now, apply the changes.
xmodmap ~/.Xmodmap

*To apply them on startup
**If ~/.xinitrc does not exist,
cp /etc/X11/xinit/xinitrc ~/.xinitrc

*In all cases
gedit ~/.xinitrc

*Make the first line this:
xmodmap ~/.Xmodmap

*Restart X (Ctrl - Alt - Backspace)
*Log In, a dialog should pop up, add .Xmodmap to the left side with the add button, and Save.

==== How to run programs on startup when login into GNOME ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*System -> Preferences -> Sessions
*Sessions

Startup Programs Tab -> Add/Edit/Delete

==== How to speed-up your Ubuntu box ====

*Read the following post: http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=189192

==== How to switch to Console mode in GNOME ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*To switch to Console mode

Press 'Ctrl + Alt + F1' (F2 - F6)

*To switch between consles in Console mode

Press 'Alt + F1' (F2 - F6)

*To switch back to GNOME mode

Press 'Alt + F7'

==== How to disable Ctrl+Alt+Backspace from restarting X in GNOME ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]

sudo cp /etc/X11/xorg.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/X11/xorg.conf

*Append the following lines at the end of file

Section "ServerFlags"
Option "DontZap" "yes"
EndSection

*Save the edited file
*Read [[#Hvordan restarter jeg GNOME uten å restarte maskinen?]]

==== How to enable Ctrl+Alt+Del to open System Monitor in GNOME ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]

gconftool-2 -t str --set /apps/metacity/global_keybindings/run_command_9 "<Control><Alt>Delete"
gconftool-2 -t str --set /apps/metacity/keybinding_commands/command_9 "gnome-system-monitor"

==== Hvordan oppdaterer jeg GNOME skrivebordet? ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]

killall nautilus

==== Hvordan oppdaterer jeg GNOME panelet? ====

*Les [[#Generelle merknader]]

killall gnome-panel

==== How to enable autosave in Gedit and disable creation of some_file~ files ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Applications -> System Tools -> Configuration Editor
*Configuration Editor

/ -> apps -> gedit-2 -> preferences -> editor -> save -> create_backup_copy ('''Unchecked''')
/ -> apps -> gedit-2 -> preferences -> editor -> save -> auto_save ('''Checked''')

==== How to show all hidden files/folders in Nautilus ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Places -> Home Folder
*To temporary show all hidden files/folders in Nautilus

Press 'Ctrl + H'

*To permanently show all hidden files/folders in Nautilus

Edit Menu -> Preferences

Views Tab -> Default View -> Show hidden and backup files ('''Checked''')

==== How to browse files/folders as root user in Nautilus ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*To install File Browser (Root)

gksudo gedit /usr/share/applications/Nautilus-root.desktop

**Insert the following lines into the new file

[Desktop Entry]
Name=File Browser (Root)
Comment=Browse the filesystem with the file manager
Exec=gksudo "nautilus --browser %U"
Icon=file-manager
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;System;

**Save the edited file
**Read [[#Hvordan oppdaterer jeg GNOME panelet?]]

*To browse files/folders as root user in Nautilus
**Applications -> System Tools -> File Browser (Root)

==== How to change default file type "Open with" program ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]

Right click on file -> '''Properties'''

Open With Tab -> Add
Select "Open with" program

Select "Open with" program ('''Checked''')

==== How to change preferred email client to Mozilla Thunderbird ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Read [[#Hvordan installerer jeg Epostleseren (Mozilla Thunderbird)?]]
*System -> Preferences -> Preferred Applications
*Preferred Applications

Mail Reader Tab -> Default Mail Reader -> Command: mozilla-thunderbird %s

==== How to open files as root user via right click ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]

gedit $HOME/.gnome2/nautilus-scripts/Open\ as\ root

*Insert the following lines into the new file

for uri in $NAUTILUS_SCRIPT_SELECTED_URIS; do
gksudo "gnome-open $uri" &
done

*Save the edited file

chmod +x $HOME/.gnome2/nautilus-scripts/Open\ as\ root

Right click on file -> Scripts -> Open as root

==== How to disable beep sound in Terminal mode ====
Not for Dapper---- firingstone
*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Applications -> Accessories -> Terminal
*Terminal

Edit Menu -> Current Profile...

General Tab -> General -> Terminal bell (Un-Checked)

==== How to handle mss protocol in Mozilla Firefox ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Read [[#How to install VLC Multimedia Player with plug-in for Mozilla Firefox]]
 
* Open your firefox.
* Type as url: about:config
Now just right click somewhere into the main window. A little box with options to choose will appear. Choose '''"new"''', then '''"string"'''. Then copy the following line into the appearing text field:

network.protocol-handler.app.mms

Into the next text field copy this:

/usr/bin/X11/vlc

Now you do the same thing again, but this time you do not choose "string" but '''"boolean"''', and the line to copy is:

network.protocol-handler.external.mms

Then set

true

==== How to handle rtsp (realmedia) protocol in Mozilla Firefox ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Read [[#Hvordan installerer jeg multimedieavspilleren (RealPlayer 10)?]]
 
* Open your firefox.
* Type as url: about:config
Now just right click somewhere into the main window. A little box with options to choose will appear. Choose '''"new"''', then '''"string"'''. Then copy the following line into the appearing text field:

network.protocol-handler.app.rtsp

Into the next text field copy this:

/usr/bin/X11/realplay

Now you do the same thing again, but this time you do not choose "string" but '''"boolean"''', and the line to copy is:

network.protocol-handler.external.rtsp

Then set

true

==== How to load Web site faster in Mozilla Firefox ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Applications -> Internet -> Firefox Web Browser
*Mozilla Firefox

Address Bar -> about:config

Filter: ->
network.dns.disableIPv6 -> true
network.http.pipelining -> true
network.http.pipelining.maxrequests -> 8
network.http.proxy.pipelining -> true

*Restart Mozilla Firefox

==== How to disable beep sound for link find function in Mozilla Firefox ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Applications -> Internet -> Firefox Web Browser
*Mozilla Firefox

Address Bar -> about:config

Filter: -> accessibility.typeaheadfind.enablesound -> false

*Restart Mozilla Firefox

==== How to apt-get the easy way (Synaptic) ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*System -> Administration -> Synaptic Package Manager
*To enable the extra Universe and Multiverse repositories
*#Settings -> Repositories
*#In the Installation Media tab, click Add. There are three separate repositories; Dapper Drake, Security Updates and Updates. Select each repository and check Officially supported, Restricted copyright, Community maintained (Universe) and Non-free (Multiverse). Ensure you click OK between each repository to save your changes
*#You should now see those three repositories under Channels. Make sure Officially supported, Restricted copyright, Community maintained (Universe) and Non-free (Multiverse) appears under each repository

*To add backports and PLF (new versions of many applications. Unsupported. May contain illegal packages. Use at own risk.)
*#Settings -> Repositories
*#Click on Add and then Custom
*#Paste the following four lines into the box and click Add Repository, one line at a time:

deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper-backports main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://packages.freecontrib.org/ubuntu/plf dapper free non-free
deb-src http://packages.freecontrib.org/ubuntu/plf dapper free non-free

deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu dapper-commercial main

*To refresh the list of known packages (equivalent to apt-get update)

Edit Menu -> Reload Package Information

*To install all possible upgrades (equivalent to apt-get upgrade)

Edit Menu -> Mark All Upgrades... -> Default Upgrade
Edit Menu -> Apply Marked Changes

*To search for a package (equivalent to apt-cache search package_name)

Edit Menu -> Search... Specify the package name

*To install the selected package (equivalent to apt-get install package_name)

Select "package_name"
Package Menu -> Mark for Installation
Edit Menu -> Apply Marked Changes

*To remove installed package (equivalent to apt-get remove package_name)

Select "package_name"
Package Menu -> Mark for Removal
Edit Menu -> Apply Marked Changes

==== What packages do the extra repositories provide ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Read [[#How to apt-get the easy way (Synaptic)]]

* The [http://packages.freecontrib.org/ubuntu/plf/ PLF repository] provides
*# DVD playback support (libdvdcss2)
*# Skype
*# Sun Java SDK (Software Development Kit) and JRE (Java Runtime Environment)
*# Opera Web browser
*# RealPlayer 10
*# Win32 binary multimedia codecs

==== How to install/uninstall .deb files ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*To install .deb file

sudo dpkg -i package_file.deb

*To uninstall .deb file

sudo dpkg -r package_name

==== How to find out which version of a package I have installed ====

dpkg -l packagename

==== How to convert .rpm files to .deb files ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Read [[#Hvordan installerer jeg .rpm til .deb koverter (Alien)?]]

sudo alien package_file.rpm

==== How to compile .deb files from source ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Read [[#Hvordan legger man til ekstra reservoar?]]
*There are various programs available to help automate the process of create .deb files from source. For more information, see the links at the end of this section. A basic well tested method is described here.
*Install the necessary software to build the source (build-essential may be all that is necessary, though there may be other dependencies) and checkinstall (which creates deb files).

sudo apt-get install checkinstall build-essential

*In the directory where you have extracted the source, after you have run ''./configure'' and ''make'' you can create a .deb file and install it with either of the following commands. The second ''-D'' option creates a .deb file in the directory that you can share with others or install without needing the source.

sudo checkinstall
or
sudo checkinstall -D

*For more info go to [http://asic-linux.com.mx/~izto/checkinstall/index.php CheckInstall home page] and the [http://www.psychocats.net/ubuntu/installingsoftware.php Installing software on Ubuntu page]. [https://wiki.ubuntu.com/AutoDeb Autodeb] uses a modified version of [https://wiki.ubuntu.com/AutoApt AutoApt] to complete the entire process above including extraction from the .tar.gz file, however it is still in an early stage of development.

==== How to rename all files in directory at once ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*To install "mvb" file name renamer

wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/mvb_1.6.tgz
sudo tar zxvf mvb_1.6.tgz -C /usr/share/
sudo chown -R root:root /usr/share/mvb_1.6/
sudo ln -fs /usr/share/mvb_1.6/mvb /usr/bin/mvb

*To rename all files in directory at once

mvb NEW_NAME

==== How to manipulate all image files in directory at once ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*To install bash batch image processing script
**Read [[#Hvordan legger man til ekstra reservoar?]]

sudo apt-get install imagemagick
wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/bbips.0.3.2.sh
sudo cp bbips.0.3.2.sh /usr/bin/bbips
sudo chmod 755 /usr/bin/bbips

*To manipulate all image files in directory at once

bbips

==== How to set System-wide Environment Variables ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]

sudo cp -p /etc/profile /etc/profile_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/profile

*Append the System-wide Environment Variables at the end of file
*Save the edited file

==== How to save "man" outputs into files ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]

man command | col -b > file.txt

==== How to hide GRUB menu on boot-up ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]

sudo cp /boot/grub/menu.lst /boot/grub/menu.lst_backup
gksudo gedit /boot/grub/menu.lst

*Find this line

...
#hiddenmenu
...

*Replace with the following line

hiddenmenu

*Save the edited file

==== How to change the timeout seconds for GRUB menu on boot-up ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]

sudo cp /boot/grub/menu.lst /boot/grub/menu.lst_backup
gksudo gedit /boot/grub/menu.lst

*Find this line

...
timeout 3
...

*Replace with the following line

timeout X_seconds

*Save the edited file

==== How to change default Operating System boot-up for GRUB menu ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]

sudo cp /boot/grub/menu.lst /boot/grub/menu.lst_backup
gksudo gedit /boot/grub/menu.lst

*Find this line

...
default 0
...

*Replace with the following line

default X_sequence

*Save the edited file

==== How to display Splash Image for GRUB menu on boot-up ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]

:''e.g. Assumed that hd0,1 is the location of Ubuntu boot partition''

wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/ubuntu.xpm.gz
chmod 644 ubuntu.xpm.gz
sudo mkdir /boot/grub/images
sudo cp ubuntu.xpm.gz /boot/grub/images/
sudo cp /boot/grub/menu.lst /boot/grub/menu.lst_backup
gksudo gedit /boot/grub/menu.lst

*Find this section

# menu.lst - See: grub(8), info grub, update-grub(8)
# grub-install(8), grub-floppy(8),
# grub-md5-crypt, /usr/share/doc/grub
# and /usr/share/doc/grub-doc/.
...

*Add the following line below it

splashimage (hd0,1)/boot/grub/images/ubuntu.xpm.gz

*Save the edited file

==== How to convert Wallpaper to Splash Image for GRUB menu ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]

:''e.g. Assumed that wallpaper.png is the Wallpaper to be converted to Splash Image''
:'' splashimage.xpm.gz is the Splash Image for GRUB menu''

convert -resize 640x480 -colors 14 wallpaper.png splashimage.xpm && gzip splashimage.xpm

*Read [[#How to display Splash Image for GRUB menu on boot-up]] (use splashimage.xpm.gz instead of ubuntu.xpm.gz)

==== How to display only one kernel on GRUB menu ====

* Read [[#Generelle merknader]]

sudo cp /boot/grub/menu.lst /boot/grub/menu.lst_backup-`date +%F`
gksudo gedit /boot/grub/menu.lst

* Find this line
...
# howmany=all
...

* Replace with the following line

# howmany=1

Where 1 means to keep the last kernel, 2 to keep the last 2 kernels,
etc. Do not delete the # symbol. The menu will be updated once a new
kernel will be updated by the system, not before.

* Save the edited file

==== How to temporary skip boot-up services ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]

Press 'Ctrl + C'

==== How to permanently disable/enable boot-up services ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Read [[#Hvordan installerer jeg Oppstartshåndtereren (BUM)?]]

==== How to clean /tmp/ folder contents on shutdown ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]

sudo cp /etc/init.d/sysklogd /etc/init.d/sysklogd_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/init.d/sysklogd

*Find this section

...
stop)
log_begin_msg "Stopping system log daemon..."
start-stop-daemon --stop --quiet --oknodo --exec $binpath --pidfile $pidfile
log_end_msg $?
...

*Add the following line below it

rm -fr /tmp/* /tmp/.??*

*Save the edited file

==== How to scroll up and down to view previous outputs in Console mode ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*To scroll up to view previously outputs

Press 'Shift + Page Up'

*To scroll down to view previously outputs

Press 'Shift + Page Down'

==== How to find out which version of Ubuntu I am using ====

cat /etc/issue

==== How to set up (automatic) background/wallpaper-changer application for GNOME ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*To install the script into a different location than your home directory, replace "~" with your path
cd ~
wget http://members.chello.at/horst.jens/files/wallpaperchanger.py
chmod +x wallpaperchanger.py
~/wallpaperchanger.py
gedit ~/.wallpaperchanger/wallpaperchangerconfig.py

*Edit all the lines not beginning with an "#" according to your needs. Save the file and close gedit.

*To create an menu entry for wallpaperchanger:
Click the menuitems: Applications -> Accessoires -> Alacarte Menu Editor -> File -> New Entry:
Name: wallpaperchanger
command: ~/wallpaperchanger.py

*To change desktop background every time you reboot your computer:
Click the menuitems: System -> Preferences -> Session -> Startup Programs -> Add:
~/wallpaperchanger.py

==== How to set up automatic background change (KDE) ====
*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]

*Go to K-menu -> System Settings -> Desktop -> Background
*Choose Slide Show
*Press Setup...
*Press Add... to add pictures you wish to see as desktop background
*Set 'Change picture after' to desired picture rotation interval.
*Press 'OK'

==== How to add keyboard layouts for other languages ====
*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]

*Go to System -> Preferences -> Keyboard
*Choose Layouts
*Press Add... to add the secondary keyboard layout. It is simpler to have two layouts; the maximum is currently four for Xorg.
*Choose Layout Options
*Expand option Group Shift/Lock behaviour
*Choose the key combination that enables you to switch between keyboard layouts. The default is by pressing both Alt keys at the same time. A common alternative is to use Alt+Shift.
*Press Close.

See [[#How to add the Keyboard (Layout) Indicator applet]] to add the Keyboard Indicator applet.

==== How to add keyboard layouts toggle for other languages (Xfce) ====
*use <tt>*.lst</tt> files on <tt>/etc/X11/xkb/rules</tt> to select ''2nd_laguage_code''

setxkbmap -option grp:switch,grp:alt_shift,grp_led:scroll us,''2nd_laguage_code''

*you can add it to a startup file, which will be set to be executed on startup, with the following lines (remember to 'chmod +x' the file):

#!/bin/tcsh
setxkbmap -option grp:switch,grp:alt_shift,grp_led:scroll us,il

==== How to add the Keyboard (Layout) Indicator applet ====
*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Read [[#How to add keyboard layouts for other languages]]

*Right-click on empty space on the top panel so that you see the pop-up menu.
*Click Add to Panel...
*Choose Keyboard Indicator (it is under the Utilities section, at the end)

The Keyboard Indicator applet appears on the panel. The default language should be USA for U.S. English. You can either right-click on this applet for more options or see above on how to configure.

==== How to type extended characters ====
*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Read [[#How to add keyboard layouts for other languages]]
*Read [[#How to add the Keyboard (Layout) Indicator applet]]

*Add the keyboard layout US English International (with dead keys)
*Make US English International (with dead keys) the default keyboard layout.

The key marked ['"] is now a dead key. When you press it, nothing happens. However if you press a consonant immediately afterwards, the consonant appears with an accent.
* ' + a = á
* ' + e = é
* and so on for i-í, o-ó, y-ý, c-ć, z-ź, n-ń, l-ĺ, u-ú, r-ŕ

* " + a = ä
* " + e = ë
* and so on for y-ÿ, u-ü, i-ï, o-ö

Similarly, ` and a consonant generates à, è, ù, ì, ò.
Similarly, ~ and a consonant generates ã, ũ, ĩ, õ, ñ.

To type ' and ", press RightAlt+' and RightAlt+" respectively.
To type ' and ", you may also press '+<space> and "+<space> respectively.

There are more characters available by keeping RightAlt pressed and typing a character. Therefore,
* RightAlt+q = ä
* RightAlt+w = å
* RightAlt+e = é
* RightAlt+r = ®
* RightAlt+t = þ
* RightAlt+y = ü
* RightAlt+u = ú
* RightAlt+i = í
* RightAlt+o = ó
* RightAlt+p = ö
* RightAlt+[ and ] for « and » respectively.
* RightAlt+a = á
* RightAlt+s = ß
* RightAlt+d = ð
* RightAlt+l = ø
* RightAlt+; = ¶
* RightAlt+: = °
* RightAlt+z = æ
* RightAlt+c = ©
* RightAlt+n = ñ
* RightAlt+m = µ
* RightAlt+, = ç
* RightAlt+/ = ¿

* RightAlt+1 = ¡
* RightAlt+2 = ²
* RightAlt+3 = ³
* RightAlt+4 = ¤
* RightAlt+5 = €
* RightAlt+6 = ¼
* RightAlt+7 = ½
* RightAlt+8 = ¾
* RightAlt+9 = ‘
* RightAlt+0 = ’
* RightAlt+- = ¥
* RightAlt+= = ×

* RightAlt+! = ¹
* RightAlt+@, then o = ő (and Ő).
* RightAlt+#, then a = ā (and Ā). Similarly for ēĒ, ūŪ, īĪ, ōŌ.
* RightAlt+$ = £
* RightAlt+% =
* RightAlt+^ =
* RightAlt+& =
* RightAlt+*, then a = ą (and Ą). Similarly for ęĘ, įĮ.
* RightAlt+(, then a = ă (and Ă)
* RightAlt+(, then g = ğ (and Ğ)
* RightAlt+), then a = å (and Å)
* RightAlt+_ =
* RightAlt++ = ÷

==== How to set the Compose key to type special characters ====
*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Read [[#How to add keyboard layouts for other languages]]
*Read [[#How to add the Keyboard (Layout) Indicator applet]]

*Click '''System''', '''Preferences''', '''Keyboard'''.
*Under '''Layout Options''', expand on '''Compose key position'''.
*Choose '''Right-Win key is compose''', click Close.

Now you can type extended characters using the RightWin key (next to AltGr), according to [http://cvs.gnome.org/viewcvs/gtk%2B/gtk/gtkimcontextsimple.c?view=markup this keyboard settings file].
Specifically, the lines that start with ''GDK_Multi_key'' are those that we can use here. The '''Compose''' key is actually '''GDK_Multi_key'''.

Some examples,
*RightWin + C + = produces €
*RightWin + = + C produces €
*RightWin + C + O produces ©
*RightWin + O + C produces ©
*RightWin + a + ' produces á
*RightWin + a + " produces ä
*RightWin + a + ` produces à
*RightWin + a + ~ produces ã
*RightWin + a + * produces å
*RightWin + a + ^ produces â
*RightWin + a + > produces â
*RightWin + a + , produces ą
*RightWin + e + - produces ē
*RightWin + S + 1 produces ¹
*RightWin + S + 2 produces ²
*RightWin + S + 3 produces ³

==== How to install ubuntu-title font used in Ubuntu logo ====
*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
sudo apt-get install ttf-ubuntu-title
Now you can use this font in your favorite applications

==== Hvordan assosierer jeg Adobe Reader med filer i Nautilus? ====

*Les [[#Hvordan installerer jeg Adobe PDF Reader med programtillegg for Mozilla Firefox]]
*Åpne Nautilus (Steder -> Skrivebordet)
*Finn en .pdf-fil
*Høyreklikk .pdf-filen, velg '''Egenskaper''', gå til '''Åpne med'''-tabben, velg Adobe Reader.

Nå blir .pdf-filer åpnet med Adobe Reader, når du dobbelklikker på de.

==== Hvordan skriver jeg ut fra Adobe Reader? ====

*Les [[#Hvordan installerer jeg Adobe PDF Reader med programtillegg for Mozilla Firefox]]
*Les [[#Hvordan legger jeg til en skriver?]]
*Programmer -> Kontor -> Adobe Reader
*Fil -> Skriv ut
*Legg til '''-d skrivernavn''' i '''Skriver kommando''' boksen. For eksempel, hvis skriveren het FS-1010, ville skriverkommandoen være:

/usr/bin/lp -d FS-1010

==== Hvordan splitter og kombinerer jeg pdf filer? ====

*Les [[#Hvordan legger man til ekstra reservoar?]]
sudo apt-get install pdftk
cd
mkdir bin
cd bin
gedit pdftk_burst
* lett til følgende tekst til pdftk_burst:
#!/bin/bash
cd ${1%/*}
/usr/bin/pdftk "$1" burst
rm doc_data.txt
* lagre og lukk pdftk_burst
gedit pdftk_cat
* legg til følgende tekst til pdftk_cat:
#!/bin/bash
cd ${1%/*}
outfile="00out.pdf"
if [ -f $outfile ] ; then
rm -f $outfile
fi
/usr/bin/pdftk *.pdf cat output $outfile
* lagre og lukk pdftk_cat
chmod u+x pdftk_burst pdftk_cat
* åpne Nautilus (Steder -> Skrivebordet) og finn en .pdf-fil
* høyreklikk .pdf-filen, velg '''Egenskaper''', gå til '''Åpne med''' tabben, klikk '''Legg til''', klikk '''Bruk en brukerdefinert kommando''', klikk '''Søk''', finn '''pdftk_burst'''. Gjør det damme med '''pdftk_cat'''.

Nå, når du høyreklikker på en .pdf-fil, vil du få to ekstra valg:
* '''Åpne med -> pdftk_burst''' som vil konvertkere en 30 siders pdf fil til 30 stk 1 siders pdf-filer.
* '''Åpne med -> pdftk_cat''' som vil slå sammen alle pdf-filene i samme katalog og lage en fil kalt '''00out.pdf'''

'''Merk:''' dette vil ikke virke med pdf-filer med en eller annen form for beskyttelse - les '''man pdftk''' for mer kommandolinjevalg.

== Servers ==

=== AntiVirus Server ===

==== How to install ClamAV AntiVirus Server ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Read [[#Hvordan legger man til ekstra reservoar?]]

sudo apt-get install clamav

==== How to manually update virus databases ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Read [[#How to install ClamAV AntiVirus Server]]

sudo freshclam

==== How to manually scan files/folders for viruses ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Read [[#How to install ClamAV AntiVirus Server]]

sudo clamscan -r /location_of_files_or_folders

==== How to automatically scan files/folders for viruses ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Read [[#How to install ClamAV AntiVirus Server]]

:''e.g. Automatically scan files/folders for viruses at midnight everyday''
:'' * * * * * means minute hour date month year''

export EDITOR=gedit && sudo crontab -e

*Append the following line at the end of file

00 00 * * * sudo clamscan -r /location_of_files_or_folders

*Save the edited file

=== Print Server (cupsd)===
*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Read [[#Hvordan legger man til ekstra reservoar?]]

==== How to install cupsd ====

:''Cupsd should be automatically installed during standard instaltion. Checkout if there is a file "/etc/init.d/cupsys". If you want to manually install it, do''

sudo apt-get install cupsys*

==== Hvordan legger jeg til en skriver? ====

*Gå til System -> Administrasjon -> Utskrifter.
*Velg "Legg til skriver".

En "Legg til skriver wizard" skal starte og fortelle deg hva du skal gjøre.

==== How to print on remote Ubuntu machine from another Ubuntu machine ====

*Make sure your local printer is well configured.

*Server ip address: 192.168.0.1
*Client ip address: 192.168.0.23

**Server configuration

sudo cp /etc/cups/cupsd.conf /etc/cups/cupsd.conf.backup
gksudo gedit /etc/cups/cupsd.conf

:''find the block''

<Location />
...
Allow localhost
...
</Location>

:'' and add the following line into it.''

Allow 192.168.0.23

:''Restart cups.''
sudo /etc/init.d/cupsys restart

**Client configuration

sudo cp /etc/cups/client.conf /etc/cups/client.conf.backup
gksudo gedit /etc/cups/client.conf

:''And add the following line into it.''

ServerName 192.168.0.1

:''Restart cups.''
sudo /etc/init.d/cupsys restart

:''Now try "lpq" and you should see something like''

vitek@lightfox:~$ lpq
HPLJ6P is ready
no entries

==== How to print on remote Ubuntu machine from a Windows machine ====
*Read [[#Hvordan installerer jeg Samba Server for Windows fildeling? ]]
*Read [[#How to print on remote Ubuntu machine via samba]]

=== Samba Server ===

==== Hvordan installerer jeg Samba Server for Windows fildeling? ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Read [[#Hvordan legger man til ekstra reservoar?]]

sudo apt-get install samba smbfs

==== How to add/edit/delete network users ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Read [[#Hvordan installerer jeg Samba Server for Windows fildeling?]]
*To add network user
**Read [[#How to add/edit/delete system users]]

sudo smbpasswd -a system_username
gksudo gedit /etc/samba/smbusers

**Insert the following line into the new file

system_username = "network username"

**Save the edited file
*To edit network user

sudo smbpasswd -a system_username

*To delete network user

sudo smbpasswd -x system_username

==== How to share home folders with read only permission (Authentication=Yes) ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Read [[#Hvordan installerer jeg Samba Server for Windows fildeling?]]

sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf

*Find this line

...
; security = user
...

*Replace with the following lines

security = user
username map = /etc/samba/smbusers

*Save the edited file
*Read [[#How to add/edit/delete network users]]

sudo testparm
sudo /etc/init.d/samba restart

==== How to share home folders with read/write permissions (Authentication=Yes) ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Read [[#Hvordan installerer jeg Samba Server for Windows fildeling?]]

sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf

*Find this line

...
; security = user
...

*Replace with the following lines

security = user
username map = /etc/samba/smbusers

*Find this section

...
# By default, the home directories are exported read-only. Change next
# parameter to 'yes' if you want to be able to write to them.
writable = no
...

*Replace with the following lines

# By default, the home directories are exported read-only. Change next
# parameter to 'yes' if you want to be able to write to them.
writable = yes

*Save the edited file
*Read [[#How to add/edit/delete network users]]

sudo testparm
sudo /etc/init.d/samba restart

==== How to share group folders with read only permission (Authentication=Yes) ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Read [[#Hvordan installerer jeg Samba Server for Windows fildeling?]]

sudo mkdir /home/group
sudo chmod 777 /home/group/
sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf

*Find this line

...
; security = user
...

*Replace with the following lines

security = user
username map = /etc/samba/smbusers

*Append the following lines at the end of file

[Group]
comment = Group Folder
path = /home/group
public = yes
writable = no
valid users = system_username1 system_username2
create mask = 0700
directory mask = 0700
force user = nobody
force group = nogroup

*Save the edited file
*Read [[#How to add/edit/delete network users]]

sudo testparm
sudo /etc/init.d/samba restart

==== How to share group folders with read/write permissions (Authentication=Yes) ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Read [[#Hvordan installerer jeg Samba Server for Windows fildeling?]]

sudo mkdir /home/group
sudo chmod 777 /home/group/
sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf

*Find this line

...
; security = user
...

*Replace with the following lines

security = user
username map = /etc/samba/smbusers

*Append the following lines at the end of file

[Group]
comment = Group Folder
path = /home/group
public = yes
writable = yes
valid users = system_username1 system_username2
create mask = 0700
directory mask = 0700
force user = nobody
force group = nogroup

*Save the edited file
*Read [[#How to add/edit/delete network users]]

sudo testparm
sudo /etc/init.d/samba restart

==== How to share public folders with read only permission (Authentication=Yes) ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Read [[#Hvordan installerer jeg Samba Server for Windows fildeling?]]

sudo mkdir /home/public
sudo chmod 777 /home/public/
sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf

*Find this line

...
; security = user
...

*Replace with the following lines

security = user
username map = /etc/samba/smbusers

*Append the following lines at the end of file

[public]
comment = Public Folder
path = /home/public
public = yes
writable = no
create mask = 0777
directory mask = 0777
force user = nobody
force group = nogroup

*Save the edited file
*Read [[#How to add/edit/delete network users]]

sudo testparm
sudo /etc/init.d/samba restart

==== How to share public folders with read/write permissions (Authentication=Yes) ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Read [[#Hvordan installerer jeg Samba Server for Windows fildeling?]]

sudo mkdir /home/public
sudo chmod 777 /home/public/
sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf

*Find this line

...
; security = user
...

*Replace with the following lines

security = user
username map = /etc/samba/smbusers

*Append the following lines at the end of file

[public]
comment = Public Folder
path = /home/public
public = yes
writable = yes
create mask = 0777
directory mask = 0777
force user = nobody
force group = nogroup

*Save the edited file
*Read [[#How to add/edit/delete network users]]

sudo testparm
sudo /etc/init.d/samba restart

==== How to share public folders with read only permission (Authentication=No) ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Read [[#Hvordan installerer jeg Samba Server for Windows fildeling?]]

sudo mkdir /home/public
sudo chmod 777 /home/public/
sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf

*Find this line

...
; security = user
...

*Replace with the following line

security = share

*Append the following lines at the end of file

[public]
comment = Public Folder
path = /home/public
public = yes
writable = no
create mask = 0777
directory mask = 0777
force user = nobody
force group = nogroup

*Save the edited file

sudo testparm
sudo /etc/init.d/samba restart

==== How to share public folders with read/write permissions (Authentication=No) ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Read [[#Hvordan installerer jeg Samba Server for Windows fildeling?]]

sudo mkdir /home/public
sudo chmod 777 /home/public/
sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf

*Find this line

...
; security = user
...

*Replace with the following line

security = share

*Append the following lines at the end of file

[public]
comment = Public Folder
path = /home/public
public = yes
writable = yes
create mask = 0777
directory mask = 0777
force user = nobody
force group = nogroup

*Save the edited file

sudo testparm
sudo /etc/init.d/samba restart

==== How to print on remote Ubuntu machine via samba ====
*Read [[#Print Server (cupsd)]]
*Make sure your Ubuntu printers are configured properly.

sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf.backup
gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf

:''Find the following lines''

...
# printing = cups
# printcap name = cups
...

:'' and uncomment them.''
printing = cups
printcap name = cups

:''Restart cups server''
sudo /etc/init.d/cupsys restart

:'' Now printers working on your Ubuntu machine should be acessible via samba.''

=== SSH Server ===

==== How to install SSH Server for remote administration service ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Read [[#Hvordan legger man til ekstra reservoar?]]

sudo apt-get install ssh

==== How to SSH into remote Ubuntu machine ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]

:''e.g. Assumed that remote Ubuntu machine have installed SSH Server service''
:'' Read [[#How to install SSH Server for remote administration service]]''
:'' Remote Ubuntu machine: 192.168.0.1''

ssh username@192.168.0.1

==== How to copy files/folders from remote Ubuntu machine into local machine (scp) ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]

:''e.g. Assumed that remote Ubuntu machine have installed SSH Server service''
:'' Read [[#How to install SSH Server for remote administration service]]''
:'' Remote Ubuntu machine: 192.168.0.1''
:'' Remote files/folders location: /home/username/remotefile.txt''
:'' Local machine save location: . (current directory)''

scp -r username@192.168.0.1:/home/username/remotefile.txt .

==== How to copy files/folders from local machine into remote Ubuntu machine (scp) ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]

:''e.g. Assumed that remote Ubuntu machine have installed SSH Server service''
:'' Read [[#How to install SSH Server for remote administration service]]''
:'' Local files/folders location: localfile.txt''
:'' Remote Ubuntu machine: 192.168.0.1''
:'' Remote Ubuntu machine save location: /home/username/''

scp -r localfile.txt username@192.168.0.1:/home/username/

==== How to copy files/folders from remote Ubuntu machine into local machine (rsync) ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]

:''e.g. Assumed that remote Ubuntu machine have installed SSH Server service''
:'' Read [[#How to install SSH Server for remote administration service]]''
:'' Remote Ubuntu machine: 192.168.0.1''
:'' Remote files/folders location: /home/username/remotefile.txt''
:'' Local machine save location: . (current directory)''

rsync -v -u -a --delete --rsh=ssh --stats username@192.168.0.1:/home/username/remotefile.txt .

==== How to copy files/folders from local machine into remote Ubuntu machine (rsync) ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]

:''e.g. Assumed that remote Ubuntu machine have installed SSH Server service''
:'' Read [[#How to install SSH Server for remote administration service]]''
:'' Local files/folders location: localfile.txt''
:'' Remote Ubuntu machine: 192.168.0.1''
:'' Remote Ubuntu machine save location: /home/username/''

rsync -v -u -a --delete --rsh=ssh --stats localfile.txt username@192.168.0.1:/home/username/

==== How to mount remote folders into local Ubuntu machine (sshfs) ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]

:''e.g. Assumed that remote machine has installed SSH Server service''
:'' Read [[#How to install SSH Server for remote administration service]]''
:'' Remote machine: 192.168.0.1''
:'' Remote machine folder location: /media/music''

*Install sshfs

sudo apt-get install sshfs

*Load kernel driver for sshfs

sudo modprobe fuse

*For permanent use add 'fuse' at the end of /etc/modules

gksudo gedit /etc/modules

*Join the 'fuse' user group

sudo adduser your_user_name fuse

*Logout and login for this to take effect.

*Create local mountpoint in your home directory

mkdir ~/remote_music

*Mount the remote folder into ~/remote_music

sshfs 192.168.0.1:/media/music ~/remote_music

==== How to SSH into remote Ubuntu machine via Windows machine ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]

:''e.g. Assumed that remote Ubuntu machine have installed SSH Server service''
:'' Read [[#How to install SSH Server for remote administration service]]''

*Download PuTTY: [http://the.earth.li/~sgtatham/putty/latest/x86/putty.exe Here]

==== How to copy files/folders from/into remote Ubuntu machine via Windows machine ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]

:''e.g. Assumed that remote Ubuntu machine have installed SSH Server service''
:'' Read [[#How to install SSH Server for remote administration service]]''

*Download FileZilla: [http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/filezilla/FileZilla_2_2_18_setup.exe?download Here]

==== How to limit the user accounts that can connect through ssh remotely ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]

:''e.g. If you enable the SSH server, then any user with a valid account can connect remotely''
:'' This can lead to security risks, as there exist remote password cracking tools that''
:'' try common username/password pairs. ''

*Keep a backup of the ssh server configuration file with
''sudo cp /etc/ssh/sshd_config /etc/ssh/sshd_config.ORIGINAL''
*Edit the configuration file
''gksudo gedit /etc/ssh/sshd_config''
*Change the parameter ''PermitRootLogin'' from ''yes'' to ''no''. The superuser must not be able to connect directly from remote.
*Add the parameter ''AllowUsers'' and specify the usernames (space separated) that can connect remotely.
*You can also use ''DenyUsers'' for fine-grained selection of users.
*If you enable the openssh server and you have no intention for now to enable remote connections, you may add ''AllowUsers nosuchuserhere'' to disable anyone connecting.

=== DHCP Server ===

==== How to install DHCP Server for automatic IP addresses assignment ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Read [[#Hvordan legger man til ekstra reservoar?]]

:''e.g. Assumed that "eth0" is the interface for network card''
:'' IP Address Range: 192.168.0.100 to 192.168.0.200''
:'' Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0''
:'' DNS Servers: 202.188.0.133, 202.188.1.5''
:'' Domains: tm.net.my''
:'' Gateway Address: 192.168.0.1''

sudo apt-get install dhcp3-server
sudo cp /etc/default/dhcp3-server /etc/default/dhcp3-server_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/default/dhcp3-server

*Find this line

...
INTERFACES=""

*Replace with the following line

INTERFACES="eth0"

*Save the edited file

sudo cp /etc/dhcp3/dhcpd.conf /etc/dhcp3/dhcpd.conf_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/dhcp3/dhcpd.conf

*Find this section

...
# option definitions common to all supported networks...
option domain-name "example.org";
option domain-name-servers ns1.example.org, ns2.example.org;

default-lease-time 600;
max-lease-time 7200;
...

*Replace with the following lines

# option definitions common to all supported networks...
#option domain-name "example.org";
#option domain-name-servers ns1.example.org, ns2.example.org;

#default-lease-time 600;
#max-lease-time 7200;

*Find this section

...
# A slightly different configuration for an internal subnet.
#subnet 10.5.5.0 netmask 255.255.255.224 {
# range 10.5.5.26 10.5.5.30;
# option domain-name-servers ns1.internal.example.org;
# option domain-name "internal.example.org";
# option routers 10.5.5.1;
# option broadcast-address 10.5.5.31;
# default-lease-time 600;
# max-lease-time 7200;
#}
...

*Replace with the following lines

# A slightly different configuration for an internal subnet.
subnet 192.168.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
range 192.168.0.100 192.168.0.200;
option domain-name-servers 202.188.0.133, 202.188.1.5;
option domain-name "tm.net.my";
option routers 192.168.0.1;
option broadcast-address 192.168.0.255;
default-lease-time 600;
max-lease-time 7200;
}

*Save the edited file

sudo /etc/init.d/dhcp3-server restart

=== Database Server ===

==== How to install MYSQL Database Server ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Read [[#Hvordan legger man til ekstra reservoar?]]

sudo apt-get install mysql-server

*MySQL initially only allows connections from the localhost (127.0.0.1). We'll need to remove that restriction if you wish to make it accessible to everyone on the internet. Open the file /etc/mysql/my.cnf

gksudo gedit /etc/mysql/my.cnf

*Find the line ''bind-address = 127.0.0.1'' and comment it out

...
#bind-address = 127.0.0.1
...

*MySQL comes with no root password as default. This is a huge security risk. You'll need to set one. So that the local computer gets root access as well, you'll need to set a password for that too. The local-machine-name is the name of the computer you're working on. For more information see [http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/default-privileges.html here]

mysqladmin -u root password your-new-password
mysqladmin -h root@local-machine-name -u root -p password your-new-password
sudo /etc/init.d/mysql restart

==== How to install MYSQL Administrator ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Read [[#Hvordan legger man til ekstra reservoar?]]
*Read [[#How to install MYSQL Database Server]]

sudo apt-get install mysql-admin

*Read [[#Hvordan oppdaterer jeg GNOME panelet?]]
*Applications -> System Tools -> MySQL Administrator

==== How to install Oracle Database XE ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Read [[#Hvordan legger man til ekstra reservoar?]]
*Read http://www.oracle.com/technology/tech/linux/install/xe-on-kubuntu.html

*Add the following repository to your /etc/apt/sources.list:

deb http://oss.oracle.com/debian unstable main non-free

*Install the software using apt-get

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install oracle-xe

*Add your login to the 'dba' group (where your login name is ''username'')

sudo usermod -G dba -a ''username''

=== Apache HTTP Server ===

==== How to install Apache HTTP Server for HTTP (Web) Server service ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Read [[#Hvordan legger man til ekstra reservoar?]]

sudo apt-get install apache2

*http://localhost

==== How to install PHP for Apache HTTP Server ====
===== How to install PHP4 =====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Read [[#Hvordan legger man til ekstra reservoar?]]
*Read [[#How to install Apache HTTP Server for HTTP (Web) Server service]]

sudo apt-get install php4
sudo apt-get install libapache2-mod-php4
sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart

*To test if php4 installed correctly

gksudo gedit /var/www/testphp.php

*Insert the following line into the new file

<?php phpinfo(); ?>

*Save the edited file
*http://localhost/testphp.php
*Be sure to remove the file afterwards, as it may pose a security risk

===== How to install PHP5 =====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Read [[#Hvordan legger man til ekstra reservoar?]]
*Read [[#How to install Apache HTTP Server for HTTP (Web) Server service]]

sudo apt-get install php5
sudo apt-get install libapache2-mod-php5
sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart

*To test if php5 installed correctly

gksudo gedit /var/www/testphp.php

*Insert the following line into the new file

<?php phpinfo(); ?>

*Save the edited file
*http://localhost/testphp.php
*Be sure to remove the file afterwards, as it may pose a security risk

==== How to install MYSQL for Apache HTTP Server ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Read [[#Hvordan legger man til ekstra reservoar?]]
*Read [[#How to install Apache HTTP Server for HTTP (Web) Server service]]
*Read [[#How to install PHP for Apache HTTP Server]]
*Read [[#How to install MYSQL Database Server]]

sudo apt-get install libapache2-mod-auth-mysql

*Select either php4-mysql or php5-mysql depending on which version of PHP you installed

sudo apt-get install php<version-number>-mysql
sudo apt-get install phpmyadmin

*To get PHP to work with MySQL, open the file (where <version> is either 4 or 5 depending on which PHP you installed)

gksudo gedit /etc/php<version>/apache2/php.ini

*You'll need to uncomment the ";extension=mysql.so" line so that it looks like this

...
extension=mysql.so
...

*Save the file then exit

sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart

*http://localhost/phpmyadmin

==== How to map URLs to folders outside /var/www/ ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Read [[#How to install Apache HTTP Server for HTTP (Web) Server service]]

gksudo gedit /etc/apache2/conf.d/alias

*Insert the following lines into the new file

Alias /URL-path /location_of_folder/

<Directory /location_of_folder/>
Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
AllowOverride All
Order allow,deny
Allow from all
</Directory>

*Save the edited file

sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart

*http://localhost/URL-path

==== How to change the default port number for Apache HTTP Server ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Read [[#How to install Apache HTTP Server for HTTP (Web) Server service]]

:''e.g. Assumed that new port number is 78''

sudo cp /etc/apache2/ports.conf /etc/apache2/ports.conf_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/apache2/ports.conf

*Find this line

Listen 80

*Replace with the following line

Listen 78

*Save the edited file

sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart

*http://localhost:78

==== How to parse RSS into PHP for Apache HTTP Server ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Read [[#How to install Apache HTTP Server for HTTP (Web) Server service]]
*Read [[#How to install PHP for Apache HTTP Server]]

:''e.g. Assumed that RSS is DistroWatch.com - News''

wget -c <nowiki>http://easylinux.info/uploads/magpierss-0.71.1.tar.gz</nowiki>
sudo mkdir /var/www/feeds
sudo tar zxvf magpierss-0.71.1.tar.gz -C /var/www/feeds/
sudo mv /var/www/feeds/magpierss-0.71.1/* /var/www/feeds/
sudo rm -fr /var/www/feeds/magpierss-0.71.1/
sudo chown -R www-data:root /var/www/feeds/
gksudo gedit /var/www/feeds/index.php

*Insert the following lines into the new file

<nowiki>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">

<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en">

<head>

<title>DistroWatch.com - News</title>

<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"/>

<style type="text/css">
/*<![CDATA[*/
/*
DEFAULT TAG STYLES
*/

body {
background: #ffffff;
margin-left: 20px;
font-family: bitstream vera sans,sans-serif;
font-size: 9pt;
}

h1 {
font-family: luxi sans,sans-serif;
font-size: 15pt;
}

/*]]>*/
</style>

</head>

<body>

<?php

require_once 'rss_fetch.inc';
error_reporting(E_ERROR);

$url = 'http://distrowatch.com/news/dw.xml';
$rss = fetch_rss($url);

if ($rss) {

echo "<h1>";
echo "<a href=$url>", $rss->channel[title], "</a> ";
echo "</h1>";

foreach ($rss->items as $item ) {
$url = $item[link];
$title = $item[title];
$description = $item[description];
echo "<li>";
echo "Topic: <a href=$url>$title</a> ";
echo "$description ";
echo "</li>";
}

}
else {
echo "<a href=$url>", $url, "</a> - Server Down! ";
}

?>

</body>

</html>
</nowiki>

*Save the edited file
*http://localhost/feeds/index.php

=== FTP Server ===

==== How to install FTP Server for File Transfer service ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Read [[#Hvordan legger man til ekstra reservoar?]]

sudo apt-get install proftpd

==== How to configure FTP user to be "jailed" (chrooted) into their home directory ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Read [[#How to install FTP Server for File Transfer service]]

sudo cp /etc/proftpd.conf /etc/proftpd.conf_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/proftpd.conf

*Find this section

...
DenyFilter \*.*/
...

*Add the following line below it

DefaultRoot ~

*Save the edited file

sudo /etc/init.d/proftpd restart

==== How to configure FTP Server to allow anonymous FTP user to read only ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Read [[#How to install FTP Server for File Transfer service]]

sudo cp /etc/proftpd.conf /etc/proftpd.conf_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/proftpd.conf

*Append the following lines at the end of file

<Anonymous ~ftp>
User ftp
Group nogroup
UserAlias anonymous ftp
DirFakeUser on ftp
DirFakeGroup on ftp
RequireValidShell off
MaxClients 10
DisplayLogin welcome.msg
DisplayFirstChdir .message
<Directory *>
<Limit WRITE>
DenyAll
</Limit>
</Directory>
</Anonymous>

*Save the edited file

sudo /etc/init.d/proftpd restart

==== How to configure FTP Server to allow anonymous FTP user to read/write ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Read [[#How to install FTP Server for File Transfer service]]

sudo cp /etc/proftpd.conf /etc/proftpd.conf_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/proftpd.conf

*Append the following lines at the end of file

<Anonymous ~ftp>
User ftp
Group nogroup
UserAlias anonymous ftp
DirFakeUser on ftp
DirFakeGroup on ftp
RequireValidShell off
MaxClients 10
DisplayLogin welcome.msg
DisplayFirstChdir .message
</Anonymous>

*Save the edited file

sudo /etc/init.d/proftpd restart

==== How to map anonymous FTP user to folders outside /home/ftp/ ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Read [[#How to install FTP Server for File Transfer service]]

sudo cp /etc/proftpd.conf /etc/proftpd.conf_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/proftpd.conf

*Append the following lines at the end of file

<Anonymous /location_of_folder/>
User ftp
Group nogroup
UserAlias anonymous ftp
DirFakeUser on ftp
DirFakeGroup on ftp
RequireValidShell off
MaxClients 10
DisplayLogin welcome.msg
DisplayFirstChdir .message
<Directory *>
<Limit WRITE>
DenyAll
</Limit>
</Directory>
</Anonymous>

*Save the edited file

sudo /etc/init.d/proftpd restart

==== How to change the default port number for FTP Server ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Read [[#How to install FTP Server for File Transfer service]]

:''e.g. Assumed that new port number is 77''

sudo cp /etc/proftpd.conf /etc/proftpd.conf_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/proftpd.conf

*Find this line

Port 21

*Replace with the following line

Port 77

*Save the edited file

sudo /etc/init.d/proftpd restart

==== How to ftp into remote Ubuntu machine via Windows machine ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]

:''e.g. Assumed that remote Ubuntu machine have installed FTP Server service''
:'' Read [[#How to install FTP Server for File Transfer service]]''

*Download FileZilla: [http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/filezilla/FileZilla_2_2_18_setup.exe?download Here]

=== Streaming Media Server ===

==== How to install GNUMP3d for Streaming Media Server service ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Read [[#Hvordan legger man til ekstra reservoar?]]
*Read [[#How to install Apache HTTP Server for HTTP (Web) Server service]]

:''e.g. /var/music/ is the directory containing multimedia files''

sudo apt-get install gnump3d

*http://localhost:8888

==== How to change the default directory containing multimedia files for GNUMP3d ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Read [[#How to install GNUMP3d for Streaming Media Server service]]

:''e.g. Assumed that new directory containing multimedia files is /home/music/''

sudo cp /etc/gnump3d/gnump3d.conf /etc/gnump3d/gnump3d.conf_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/gnump3d/gnump3d.conf

*Find this line

root = /var/music

*Replace with the following line

root = /home/music

*Find this line

user = gnump3d

*Replace with the following line

user = root

*Save the edited file

sudo /etc/init.d/gnump3d restart

*http://localhost:8888

==== How to change the default port number for GNUMP3d ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Read [[#How to install GNUMP3d for Streaming Media Server service]]

:''e.g. Assumed that new port number is 7878''

sudo cp /etc/gnump3d/gnump3d.conf /etc/gnump3d/gnump3d.conf_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/gnump3d/gnump3d.conf

*Find this line

port = 8888

*Replace with the following line

port = 7878

*Save the edited file

sudo /etc/init.d/gnump3d restart

*http://localhost:7878

=== Image Gallery Server ===

*For a comparison between Gallery1 and Gallery2 see [http://codex.gallery2.org/index.php/G1-G2_Comparison here]

==== Gallery1 ====

===== How to install Gallery1 for Image Gallery Server service =====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Read [[#Hvordan legger man til ekstra reservoar?]]
*Read [[#How to install Apache HTTP Server for HTTP (Web) Server service]]
*Read [[#How to install PHP for Apache HTTP Server]]

sudo apt-get install gallery (when prompted to restart Apache, choose No or Cancel)
sudo apt-get install imagemagick
sudo apt-get install jhead
sudo apt-get install libjpeg-progs
sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart
sudo sh /usr/share/gallery/configure.sh

*http://localhost/gallery/setup/index.php
*Gallery Configuration

Gallery Configuration Wizard: Step 1
Next Step ->

Gallery Configuration Wizard: Step 2
General settings Tab ->
Admin password: Specify the password

Locations and URLs Tab ->
Album directory: /var/www/albums/
Temporary directory: /tmp/
Gallery URL: <nowiki>http://localhost/gallery</nowiki>
Albums URL: <nowiki>http://localhost/albums</nowiki>
Next Step -->

Gallery Configuration Wizard: Step 3
Next Step -->

Gallery Configuration Wizard: Step 4
Save Config ->

*http://localhost/gallery/albums.php

===== How to configure Gallery1 to be accessible via Internet (Hostname or fix IP) or LAN (fix IP) =====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Read [[#How to install Gallery1 for Image Gallery Server service]]

:''e.g. Assumed that network and internet connections have been configured properly''
:'' Internet (Hostname or fix IP) or LAN (fix IP): http://www.url.com''

sudo cp /etc/gallery/config.php /etc/gallery/config.php_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/gallery/config.php

*Find this section

...
$gallery->app->photoAlbumURL = "<nowiki>http://localhost/gallery</nowiki>";
$gallery->app->albumDirURL = "<nowiki>http://localhost/albums</nowiki>";
...

*Replace with the following lines

$gallery->app->photoAlbumURL = "<nowiki>http://www.url.com/gallery</nowiki>";
$gallery->app->albumDirURL = "<nowiki>http://www.url.com/albums</nowiki>";

*Save the edited file
*http://www.url.com/gallery/albums.php

===== How to configure Gallery1 to be accessible via LAN (dynamic IP) =====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Read [[#How to install Gallery1 for Image Gallery Server service]]

:''e.g. Assumed that network connections have been configured properly''
:'' LAN (dynamic IP): 192.168.0.1''

sudo cp /etc/gallery/config.php /etc/gallery/config.php_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/gallery/config.php

*Find this section

...
$gallery->app->photoAlbumURL = "<nowiki>http://localhost/gallery</nowiki>";
$gallery->app->albumDirURL = "<nowiki>http://localhost/albums</nowiki>";
...

*Replace with the following lines

$gallery->app->photoAlbumURL = "/gallery";
$gallery->app->albumDirURL = "/albums";

*Save the edited file
*http://192.168.0.1/gallery/albums.php

===== How to backup/restore Gallery1 data =====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*To backup Gallery data

sudo tar zcvf gallery.tgz /var/www/albums/ /etc/gallery/

*To restore Gallery data

sudo tar zxvf gallery.tgz -C /

==== Gallery2 ====
===== How to install Gallery2 =====
===== How to configure Gallery2 =====

== Troubleshooting ==

==== Configuring network interfaces... (taking too long to load) ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Read [[#How to temporary skip boot-up services]]

==== Synchronizing clock to ntp.ubuntulinux.org... (taking too long to load) ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Read [[#How to temporary skip boot-up services]]
*Read [[#How to permanently disable/enable boot-up services]]

service_name = ntpdate

==== How to disable system time/date from being reset to UTC (GMT) ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]

sudo cp /etc/default/rcS /etc/default/rcS_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/default/rcS

*Find this line

...
UTC=yes
...

*Replace with the following line

UTC=no

*Save the edited file
*System -> Administration -> Time and Date

Set the correct time/date

sudo /etc/init.d/hwclock.sh restart

==== How to configure sound to work properly in GNOME ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]
*Read [[#Hvordan legger man til ekstra reservoar?]]

sudo killall esd
sudo cp /etc/esound/esd.conf /etc/esound/esd.conf_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/esound/esd.conf

*Find this section

...
auto_spawn=0
spawn_options=-terminate -nobeeps -as 5
...

*Replace with the following lines

auto_spawn=1
spawn_options=-terminate -nobeeps -as 2 -d default

*Save the edited file

sudo apt-get install libesd-alsa0
gksudo gedit /etc/asound.conf

*Insert the following lines into the new file

pcm.card0 {
type hw
card 0
}

pcm.!default {
type plug
slave.pcm "dmixer"
}

pcm.dmixer {
type dmix
ipc_key 1025
slave {
pcm "hw:0,0"
period_time 0
period_size 2048
buffer_size 32768
rate 48000
}
bindings {
0 0
1 1
}
}

*Save the edited file

sudo ln -fs /usr/lib/libesd.so.0 /usr/lib/libesd.so.1

System -> Preferences -> Sound
Sound preferences

General Tab -> Sounds for events '''(Un-Checked)'''

*Save and close all opened applications, Reboot computer

==== How to forcefully empty Trash in GNOME ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]

sudo rm -fr $HOME/.Trash/

==== How to remove duplicate menu/menu items in GNOME ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]

rm -f $HOME/.config/menus/applications.menu

*Read [[#Hvordan oppdaterer jeg GNOME panelet?]]

==== How to refresh Places menu in GNOME (if mounts to /media/ in /etc/fstab does not show up) ====

*Read [[#Generelle merknader]]

sudo /etc/init.d/dbus-1 restart

==== How to consume static (not dhcp) wireless LAN (WLAN) connection (KDE) ====
*I assume you have successfully consumed WLAN connection in Windows

*To enable the network device please follow the following steps
*Go to K-menu -> System Settings -> Network Settings
*Enable Administrator mode

*Select Network Interfaces tab and the wireless interface (usually ath0) to configure
*Click Configure Interface...
*Choose Manual or Automatic. Choose Manual
*Fill the preferred IP address to identify your computer and the netmask. Choose to activate when computer starts
*Click Advanced Settings to for more properties

*Select Routes tab and fill the gateway IP address
*Make sure you choose the correct device in the right dropdown (e.g. ath0)
*Click apply to commit all changes

*To choose wireless connection please follow the following steps
*Go to K-menu -> Internet -> Wireless Assistant
*Right click on preferred connection ssid
*Choose and complete fields for Manual connection
*Click Ok

*Create connection configuration

gksudo gedit /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf

*Insert the following lines into the new file

network={
ssid="YOUR_PREFERRED_CONNECTION_SSID"
scan_ssid=1
proto=WPA
key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
psk="STRING_TO_GENERATE_PASSWORD"
#psk=123456789 #you have option to use connection key instead of connection password
}

*Save the edited file
*Create script to easily activate connection

gksudo gedit /etc/init.d/wifi_wpa.sh

*Insert the following lines into the new file

#! /bin/sh
# wifi: wpa_supplicant init
echo " * [Wifi]: Enabling WPA supplicant..."
if [ -x /sbin/wpa_supplicant ]; then
/sbin/wpa_supplicant -B -i ath0 -c /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf -D madwifi -w
fi
exit 0

*Save the edited file
*Make sure both file readable and executable

sudo chmod +r /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf
sudo chmod +x /etc/init.d/wifi_wpa.sh

*make wireless connection automaticaly starts when computer starts

sudo ln -s /etc/init.d/wifi_wpa.sh /etc/rcS.d/S40netwifiwpa

*Close all opened applications, Reboot computer

==== How to get 1400x1050 resolution working ====
*See http://ubuntu.vdb-studios.be/installationDapper.php

== Upgrading Ubuntu ==

==== How to upgrade from Hoary Hedgehog -> Breezy Badger -> Dapper Drake ====

*First, make sure you're fully upgraded:
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

*If you don't have a CD available make SURE you comment/remove the line pertaining to your CD media
gksudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

'''/etc/apt/sources.list'''

''for an upgrade to breezy your sources.list should look something similar to this:''

<nowiki>## Uncomment the following two lines to fetch updated software from the network</nowiki>
<nowiki>deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy main restricted</nowiki>
<nowiki>deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy main restricted</nowiki>

<nowiki>## Uncomment the following two lines to fetch major bug fix updates produced</nowiki>
<nowiki>## after the final release of the distribution.</nowiki>
<nowiki>deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy-updates main restricted</nowiki>
<nowiki>deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy-updates main restricted</nowiki>

<nowiki>## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from the 'universe'</nowiki>
<nowiki>## repository.</nowiki>
<nowiki>## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu</nowiki>
<nowiki>## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to</nowiki>
<nowiki>## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in</nowiki>
<nowiki>## universe WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu security</nowiki>
<nowiki>## team.</nowiki> 
<nowiki>deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy universe</nowiki>
<nowiki>deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy universe</nowiki>

<nowiki>deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy-security main restricted</nowiki>
<nowiki>deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy-security main restricted</nowiki>

<nowiki>deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy-security universe</nowiki>
<nowiki>deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy-security universe</nowiki></div>

*To upgrade from breezy to dapper, just replace (ctrl+h) all instances of 'breezy' with 'dapper' within the /etc/apt/sources.list

*Save this file.
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
*Save your session, reboot, and enjoy.

NOTE:
*I would NOT suggest upgrading directly from hoary to dapper. Upgrade: hoary->breezy->dapper

==== How to upgrade from Dapper Drake to Edgy Eft (experimental) ====

*coming soon...

== Removed Topics ==

* Topics that have been removed from this guide can be found [http://linux.edu.lv/index.php?name=Forums&file=viewtopic&t=73 here]

- User contributions [en]

User:Havarill

Ubuntu dapper no

Ubuntu no