Ubuntu dapper lt

Mantas — Tue, 10 Oct 2006 11:04:56 GMT

Mantas: /* How to install Newsreader (Pan) */

[[Image:Ubuntuguide_logo.png]]

== Neoficialus Ubuntu 6.06 (Dapper Drake) naujoko gidas ==

Šį pradžiamokslį pradėjo kurti [[User:Jiyuu0|Chua Wen Kiat]] (Kuala Lumpur, Malaizija).
Dabar jis išlaikomas Latvijos Universiteto Linux centro ir kiekvieno norinčio padėti.

Pagalbininkai: [[User:Orvils|Orvils]], [[User:Quash|Quash]], [[User:Jiyuu0|Jiyuu0]], [[User:Cargo|Cargo]], [[User:Byte|Byte]], [[User:cope|cope]], [[User:Krampo|krampo]], [[User:Simos|Simos]], [[User:Stubby|Stubby]], [[User:Eljaco|eljaco]], [[User:shai|shai]], [[User:ThunderM|ThunderM]], [[User:Hasile|Hasile]], [[User:adammichaelroach|adammichaelroach]], [[User:Belisarivs|Belisarivs]], [[User:Cheator|Cheator]], [[User:Hank|Hank]], [[User:Kaotiks|Kaotiks]], [[User:Richux|richux]], [[User:Mantas|Mantas Smelevičius]]...

Diskutuoti apie šį gidą galima oficialiame [http://www.ubuntuforums.org/forumdisplay.php?f=78 UbuntuGuide.org Forume] esančiame ubuntuforums.org. Užeikite ir prisijunkite prie diskusijų.

Deja, dėl [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki_vandalism wiki-vandalizmo] tik registruoti vartotojai gali redaguoti šį wiki, ir tik registruoti vartotojai gali sukurti tau naują vartotoją. Jei nori prisijungti prie mūsų ir padėti vystytis šiam projektui, pranešk [ orvils _at_ gmail _dot_ com ]. '''Nepamiršk''' parašyti kokio vartotojo vardo norėtum ir kodėl tau jo reikia (ką norėtum pakeisti ar pridėti į šį pradžiamokslį).

{{UbuntuLanguageBar|languages=Kitos kalbos:|InProgress=Verčiama:}}

*Senesnės versijos: [[Ubuntu | Ubuntu 5.10 (Breezy Badger)]]
{{BreezyLanguageBar|languages=Kalbos:|InProgress=Verčiama:}}

* Ubuntu 5.04 in Bulgarian: http://www.ubuntuguide.hit.bg/

__TOC__

== Bendrosios pastabos ==

#Tai yra neoficialus Ubuntu 6.06 (Dapper Drake) naujoko gidas. Jis nesusijęs su Ubuntu ar Canonical Ltd.
#Diskutuoti apie šį gidą galima oficialiame [http://www.ubuntuforums.org/forumdisplay.php?f=78 UbuntuGuide.org forume] esančiame ubuntuforums.org. Užeikite ir prisijunkite prie diskusijų.
#Šis gidas testuotas pilnai instaliavus Ubuntu 6.06 x86 Install CD (Dapper Drake).
#Jei matote melsvą laukelį, tai reiškia kad turite įvykdyti nurodytas komandas Terminal'e (Applications -> System Tools -> Terminal) arba pasinaudoti to laukelio turiniu pagal kitus pateiktus nurodimus.
#Kad išvengtumėte rašybos klaidų nukopijuokite komandas ir įklijuokite jas tiesai į Terminal'ą (deš. pelės klavišu ant komandų -> "Copy" ar "Paste". Taip pat galite naudoti Ctrl+C kopijavimui ir Shift+Insert įklijavimui, arba tiesiog pažymėkite kopijavimui ir vid. peles klavišu įklijavimui).
#'''sudo''' ar '''gksudo''' reiškia superuser do (veiksmus atlieka supervartotojas). Komanda '''sudo''' paprašys jūsų slaptažodžio - "Password:". Įveskite savo vartotojo slaptažodį.
#Jei norite daugiau informacijos apie kokią nors komandą, paprasčiausiai pažiūrėkite vadove (manual'e), naudodamiesi komanda '''man'''. Pavyzdžiui, komanda '''man sudo''' parodys informaciją apie komandą '''sudo'''.
#Jei pavargote kiekvieną kartą įvedinėti komandą '''apt-get''', skaitykite [[#How to apt-get the easy way (Synaptic)]].
#Komandoms '''apt-get''' ir '''wget''' reikalingas interneto ryšys, kad būtų galima įrašyti/atnaujinti/parsisiųsti programas.
#Failų parsisiuntimui spustelėkite deš. pelės klavišu ant nuorodos -> Pasirinkite "Save Link As..." -> Įsitikinkite, kad bylos pavadinimas ir plėtinys yra teisingi.
#Jei norite padėti išversti Ubuntu į savo gimtąją kalbą ar kitaip pagelbėti Ubuntu - aplankykite https://launchpad.net/
#Tegul "žmogiškumo kitiems" dvasia visada būna su jumis...

:Jei naudojate Kubuntu jums nereikia instaliuoti '''gedit''', nes dabar jau yra simbolinė nuoroda iš '''gedit''' į '''kate''', taigi be problemų galite naudoti visas čia esančias komandas. Tiesa, jei norite naudoti gedit kaip savo redaktorių, darykite:

sudo apt-get install gedit

:Jei "gedit" komanda (simbolinė nuoroda) neveikia, galite sukurti ją:

sudo ln -s /usr/bin/kate /usr/bin/gedit

:''Jei naudojate 64 bitų versiją pakeiskite visus "i386" į "amd64"''

== Pati pradžia ==

==== Kas yra Ubuntu ====

*http://www.ubuntu.com/ubuntu

==== Kas naujo Ubuntu 6.06 Dapper Drake ====

*http://www.ubuntu.com/testing/dapperbeta

==== Kur pasižiūrėti Ubuntu ekrano nuotraukų ====
* http://shots.osdir.com/slideshows/slideshow.php?release=659&slide=4&title=ubuntu+6.06+screenshots
* http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=article&item=481&num=1
:'''Video'''
* http://osvids.com/files/page3-1034-pop.html
* http://osvids.com/files/page3-1035-pop.html
* http://osvids.com/files/page3-1036-pop.html

==== Kur pasižiūrėti Kubuntu ekrano nuotraukų ====
* http://shots.osdir.com/slideshows/slideshow.php?release=662&slide=4&title=kubuntu+6.06+screenshots
* http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=article&item=320&num=1
:'''Video'''
http://osvids.com/files/page3-108-pop.html

==== Kur rasti visų programų ir bibliotekų sąrašą, kurios gaunamos kartu su Ubuntu ====

*Komandos dpkg -l rezultatas: [http://packages.ubuntu.com/dapper/allpackages.en.txt.gz Čia]
*http://packages.ubuntu.com/dapper
*http://distrowatch.com/table.php?distribution=ubuntu

==== Kur parsisiųsti Ubuntu ====

*http://releases.ubuntu.com/6.06/

==== Kur užsisakyti Ubuntu kompaktinius diskus visiškai NEMOKAMAI ====

*https://shipit.ubuntu.com
Atsiminkite, jog kompaktinių diskų atsiuntimas gali trukti nuo keturių iki šešių savaičių. Jūs galite ir turite kopijuoti, modifikuoti ir platinti diskus kiek galima daugiau.

==== Kur rasti pagalbos dėl Ubuntu ====

*Žiūrėkite: ''System -> Help -> System Documentation''
*[https://help.ubuntu.com/ Oficialus Dokumentacijos tinklapis]
*[https://wiki.ubuntu.com/UserDocumentation Oficiali Vartotojų Dokumentacija (wiki)]
*[http://doc.gwos.org/index.php/Main_Page Ubuntu Document Storage Facility]
*[http://www.ubuntu.com/community/lists Mailing Lists]
*[http://www.ubuntu.com/community/forums Interneto Forumai]
*[irc://irc.freenode.net/ubuntu IRC kanalas]

==== Kur ieškoti naujų programų ====

* http://gnomefiles.org/
* http://www.kde-apps.org/
* [http://freshmeat.net/browse/18/ http://freshmeat.net]
* http://sourceforge.net/

==== Kur ieškoti styliaus elementų jūsų darbastaliui ====

* http://www.gnome-look.org/
* http://www.kde-look.org/
* http://art.gnome.org/

== Failų saugyklos ==

==== Kaip pridėti naujas failų saugyklas ====

*Skaitykite [[#Bendrosios pastabos]]
*Taip pat galima [[#How to apt-get the easy way (Synaptic) | pridėti naujų failų talpyklų naudojant Synaptic Paketų Tvarkyklę]]. Naujiems vartotojams lengviau pridėti naujas failų talpyklas su paketų tvarkykle (Synaptic Package Manager). Jei pasinaudosite nuoroda esančia aukščiau, toliau galite neskaityti.

sudo cp -p /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

*Viską pakeiskite šiomis eilutėmis
:Norėdami naudoti vietinį veidrodį galite pridėti "''šk.''" prieš ''archive.ubuntu.com'' (šk = jūsų šalies kodas)
:pvz.: ''<nowiki>deb http://lt.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper main restricted universe multiverse</nowiki>''

## Add comments (##) in front of any line to remove it from being checked.
## Use the following sources.list at your own risk.

deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper main restricted universe multiverse

## MAJOR BUG FIX UPDATES produced after the final release
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper-updates main restricted universe multiverse

## UBUNTU SECURITY UPDATES
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper-security main restricted universe multiverse

## BACKPORTS REPOSITORY (Unsupported. May contain illegal packages. Use at own risk.)
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper-backports main restricted universe multiverse

## PLF REPOSITORY (Unsupported. May contain illegal packages. Use at own risk.)
deb http://packages.freecontrib.org/plf dapper free non-free
deb-src http://packages.freecontrib.org/plf dapper free non-free

## CANONICAL COMMERCIAL REPOSITORY (Hosted on Canonical servers, not Ubuntu
## servers. RealPlayer10, Opera and more to come.)
deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu dapper-commercial main

*Išsaugokite pakeistą failą

sudo apt-get update

* Taip pat galite gaminti savo paties sources.list ir susirasti kitų failų saugiklų: http://www.ubuntulinux.nl/source-o-matic

* Taip pat galite pakeisti savo sources.list su šiuo pilnu surinktu rinkiniu: [http://italy.copybase.ch/blog/lista-repository-sourceslist-ottimizzata-per-ubuntu-kubuntu-linux/ sources.list] (pakeiskite "it" iš "it.archive.ubuntu.com" savo šalies kodu. Naudokite savo paties rizika.

* ''Keiskite standartinį Ubuntu sources.list tik jei suprantate ką darote. Talpyklų sumaišymas gali sukelti sistemos lūžimą.''

== Ubuntu atnaujinimas ==

==== Kaip atnaujinti Ubuntu rankiniu būdu ====

*Skaitykite [[#Bendrosios pastabos]]
*Skaitykite [[#Kaip pridėti naujas failų saugyklas]]

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

'''ARBA'''

Naudokite atnaujinimų tvarkyklę (Update Manager): ''System -> Administration -> Update Manager''

== Pridėk programų ==

==== Kaip naudoti Easy Ubuntu ====

*Skaitykite [[#Bendrosios pastabos]]
*Easy Ubuntu yra mažas ir patogus įrankis leidžiantis naujiems vartotojams lengvai įdiegti Ubuntu turinį, kaip kodekai, šriftai, Macromedia Flash grotuvas ar Sun Java.

wget http://easyubuntu.freecontrib.org/files/easyubuntu-3.021.tar.gz
tar -zxf easyubuntu-3.021.tar.gz
cd easyubuntu
sudo python easyubuntu.in

*Easy Ubuntu lange pažymėkite reikiamus laukelius, kad parsisiųstumėte tai ko reikia.
*Pastaba: Senesnės EasyUbuntu 3.0 versijos vartotojams gali iškilti problemų įdieginėjant Flash ir Java.

==== Kaip įdiegti Automatix į Ubuntu, Kubuntu ir Xubuntu ====

*Skaitykite [[#Bendrosios pastabos]]
*Automatix yra grafinė sąsaja skirta dažniausiai naudojamų programų instaliavimo automatizavimui Ubuntu/Kubuntu/Xubuntu linux operacinėse sistemose.
*Pastaba: Prieš diegimą atkreipkite dėmesį, kad tam tikri pateikiami kodekai kai kuriose šalyse gali būti uždrausti. Jūs esate atsakingas už tai kad būtų laikomasi šių įstatymų.

*naudokite savo mėgstamą teksto redaktorių (kwrite, gedit)

gksudo kwrite /etc/apt/sources.list

*Atkomentuokite šias eilutes
#deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper main
#deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper main

*Jei naudojate Ubuntu ar Xubuntu Dapper, failo gale pridėkite šią eilutę.

deb http://www.getautomatix.com/apt dapper main

*Jei naudoajte Kubuntu, failo gale pridėkite šią eilutę.

deb http://www.getautomatix.com/apt kubuntu main

*Išsaugokite pakeitimus ir uždarykite failą

*Gaukite GPG raktą

wget http://www.getautomatix.com/apt/key.gpg.asc
gpg --import key.gpg.asc
gpg --export --armor 521A9C7C | sudo apt-key add -

*Kad įdiegtumėte Automatix, įvykdikite šias komandas

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install zenity
sudo apt-get install automatix

*Automatix gali būti paleidžiamas iš komandinės eilutės

automatix

*Taip pat jis bus įdėtas ir į Meniu

Menu -> System -> Automatix-Kubuntu

==== Kaip įdiegti Clipboard Daemon skirtą GNOME ====

*Skaitykite [[#Bendrosios pastabos]]

wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/gnome-clipboard-daemon-1.0.bin.tar.bz2
sudo tar jxvf gnome-clipboard-daemon-1.0.bin.tar.bz2 -C /usr/bin/
sudo chown root:root /usr/bin/gnome-clipboard-daemon
sudo chmod 755 /usr/bin/gnome-clipboard-daemon
sudo gnome-clipboard-daemon &
export EDITOR=gedit && crontab -e

*Failo gale pridėkite šią eilutę

@reboot gnome-clipboard-daemon

*Išsaugokite pakeitimus

==== Kaip įdiegti J2SE Runtime Environment (JRE) su Mozilla Firefox įskiepiu ====

*Skaitykite [[#Bendrosios pastabos]]
*Skaitykite [[#Kaip pridėti naujas failų saugyklas]]

sudo apt-get install sun-java5-jre sun-java5-plugin

*Kai paprašis, sutykite su DLJ licencijos sąlygomis.

*Nustatykite J2SE kaip numatytąją JVM (tai būtina programoms tokioms kaip Frostwire, RSSOwl taip pat ir Mozilla Firefox įskiepiui):

sudo update-alternatives --config java

Pasirinkite nustatymą atitinkantį J2SE.

==== Kaip įdiegti JRE v5.0 Update 8 ====

*Skaitykite [[#Bendrosios pastabos]]

*Parsisiųskite "Linux (išsipakuojantį failą)" iš http://java.com/en/download/manual.jsp

*Nukopijuokite jį į /usr/java/
sudo chmod a+x jre-1_5_0_08-linux-i586.bin
sudo ./jre-1_5_0_08-linux-i586.bin
cd /usr/lib/firefox/plugins
ln -s /usr/java/jre1.5.0_08/plugin/i386/ns7/libjavaplugin_oji.so
cd /usr/lib/mozilla/plugins
ln -s /usr/java/jre1.5.0_08/plugin/i386/ns7/libjavaplugin_oji.so

*Perkraukite Mozilla Firefox

==== Kaip įdiegti Flash grotuvo (Macromedia Flash) įskiepį skirtą Mozilla Firefox ====

*Skaitykite [[#Bendrosios pastabos]]
*Skaitykite [[#Kaip pridėti naujas failų saugyklas]]

sudo apt-get install flashplugin-nonfree
sudo update-flashplugin

*Perkraukite Mozilla Firefox

Pastaba: jei Flash grotuve nėra garso (pavyzdžiui YouTube tinklapyje):

sudo apt-get install alsa-oss
gksudo gedit /etc/firefox/firefoxrc

Pakeiskite:

FIREFOX_DSP=""

Į:

FIREFOX_DSP="aoss"

*Perkraukite Mozilla Firefox. Dabar garsas turėtų veikti.

==== Kaip įdiegti PDF Reader (Adobe Reader) su įskiepiu skirtu Mozilla Firefox ====

*Skaitykite [[#Bendrosios pastabos]]
*Skaitykite [[#Kaip pridėti naujas failų saugyklas]]

sudo apt-get install acroread mozilla-acroread acroread-plugins

*Skaitykite [[#Kaip atnaujinti GNOME skydelį (GNOME panel)]]
*Applications -> Office -> Adobe Reader
*Perkraukite Mozilla Firefox

'''Pastaba:''' Adobe Reader 7.0 neveiks jei veikia SCIM. Pas jus veikia SCIM, jei įdiegėte kitą kalbą į Ubuntu per System -> Administration -> Language Support. Kad to išvengtumėte, darykite tai

gksudo gedit /usr/bin/acroread

Pakeiskite:

#!/bin/sh
#

į:

#!/bin/sh
#
GTK_IM_MODULE=xim

Išsaugokite pakeitimus. Dabar jau Adobe Reader 7.0 turėtų veikti.

==== Kaip susieti Adobe Reader su PDF failais tarp Nautilus ====

*Skaitykite [[#Kaip įdiegti PDF Reader (Adobe Reader) su įskiepiu skirtu Mozilla Firefox]]
*Paleikite Nautilus (Places -> Desktop)
*Susiraskite .pdf failą
*Deš pelės klavišu ir pasirinkite '''Properties''', eikite į skiltį '''Open With''', pasirinkite Adobe Reader.

Dabar dukart spragtelėjus .pdf failą, jis atsidaris su Adobe Reader.

==== Kaip spausdinti tiesiai iš Adobe Reader ====

*Skaitykite [[#Kaip įdiegti PDF Reader (Adobe Reader) su įskiepiu skirtu Mozilla Firefox]]
*Skaitykite [[#Kaip pridėti spausdintuvą]]
*Applications -> Office -> Adobe Reader
*File -> Print
*'''Print Command''' laukelyje, pridėkite '''-d printername'''. Pavyzdžiui, jūsų spausdintuvas pavadintas FS-1010, spausdinimo komanda (Print Command):

/usr/bin/lp -d FS-1010

==== Kaip įdiegti atsisiuntimo tvarkymo programą (Downloader for X) ====

*Skaitykite [[#Bendrosios pastabos]]
*Skaitykite [[#Kaip pridėti naujas failų saugyklas]]

sudo apt-get install d4x

Skaitykite [[#Kaip atnaujinti GNOME skydelį (GNOME panel)]]
*Applications -> Internet -> Downloader for X

==== Kaip įdiegti slaptažodžių tvarkymo programą (Revelation) ====

*Skaitykite [[#Bendrosios pastabos]]
*Skaitykite [[#Kaip pridėti naujas failų saugyklas]]

sudo apt-get install revelation

Skaitykite [[#Kaip atnaujinti GNOME skydelį (GNOME panel)]]
*Applications -> Accessories -> Revelation Password Manager

==== Kaip įdiegti FTP klientą (gFTP) ====

*Skaitykite [[#Bendrosios pastabos]]
*Skaitykite [[#Kaip pridėti naujas failų saugyklas]]

sudo apt-get install gftp

*Skaitykite [[#Kaip atnaujinti GNOME skydelį (GNOME panel)]]
*Applications -> Internet -> gFTP

==== Kaip įdiegti failų dalinimosi programą (DC++) ====

*Skaitykite [[#Bendrosios pastabos]]

wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/linuxdcpp.tar.gz
sudo tar zxvf linuxdcpp.tar.gz -C /opt
gksudo gedit /usr/share/applications/dcpp.desktop

*Naujame faile įrašykite šias eilutes:

[Desktop Entry]
Encoding=UTF-8
Name=DC++
Exec=/opt/linuxdcpp/ldcpp
Terminal=false
Type=Application
StartupNotify=true
Icon=/opt/linuxdcpp/pixmaps/linuxdcpp.svg
Categories=Application;Network;

*Išsaugokite pakeitimus

*Applications -> Internet -> DC++

==== Kaip įdiegti P2P BitTorrent klientą (Azureus) ====

*Skaitykite [[#Bendrosios pastabos]]

sudo apt-get install azureus

*Applications -> Internet -> Azureus

*(Alternatyvus būdas) Žemiau aprašytas būdas įdiegs Azureus versiją sukompiliuotą su gcj, nemokama Sun's Java alternatyva.

*Skaitykite [[#Bendrosios pastabos]]
*Skaitykite [[#Kaip pridėti naujas failų saugyklas]]
*Skaitykite [[#Kaip įdiegti J2SE Runtime Environment (JRE) su Mozilla Firefox įskiepiu]]

wget http://kent.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/azureus/Azureus_2.5.0.0_linux.tar.bz2
sudo tar jxvf Azurues_2.5.0.0_linux.tar.bz2 -C /opt/
sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/azureus.desktop

*Įrašykite tai į šią naują bylą

[Desktop Entry]
Name=Azureus
Comment=A Bittorrent client
Exec=/opt/azureus/azureus
Icon=/opt/azureus/Azureus.png
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;Network;

*Išsaugokite redaguojamą bylą

*Applications -> Internet -> Azureus

==== Kaip įdiegti P2P BitTorrent klientą (Bittornado) ====

*Skaitykite [[#Bendrosios pastabos]]
*Skaitykite [[#Kaip pridėti naujas failų saugyklas]]

sudo apt-get install bittornado
sudo apt-get install bittornado-gui

*Applications -> Internet -> Bittornado Client

==== Kaip įdiegti P2P eMule klientą (aMule) ====

*Skaitykite [[#Bendrosios pastabos]]
*Skaitykite [[#Kaip pridėti naujas failų saugyklas]]

sudo apt-get install amule

*Skaitykite [[#Kaip atnaujinti GNOME skydelį (GNOME panel)]]
*Applications -> Internet -> aMule

==== Kaip įdiegti P2P Gnutella klientą (FrostWire) ====

*Skaitykite [[#Bendrosios pastabos]]
*Skaitykite [[#Kaip įdiegti J2SE Runtime Environment (JRE) su Mozilla Firefox įskiepiu]]

wget -c http://www.users.on.net/~stubby/FrostWire-4.10.9-2.i586.deb
sudo dpkg -i FrostWire-4.10.9-2.i586.deb

*Applications -> Internet -> FrostWire

==== Kaip įdiegti Skype ====

*Skaitykite [[#Bendrosios pastabos]]

gksudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

* Failo gale pridėkite šias eilutes

## Repository for Skype
deb <nowiki>http://download.skype.com/linux/repos/debian/ stable non-free</nowiki>

* Išsaugokite pakeitimus

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install skype

*Applications -> Internet -> Skype

*Dėl Skype 1.3 Beta parsisiųskite debian paketą [http://www.skype.com/download/skype/linux/13beta.html iš čia]

*Terminale

sudo dpkg -i skype-beta-1.3.0.37-1_i386.deb

*Applications -> Internet -> Skype

==== Kaip įdiegti WinPopup (LinPopUp) ====

*Skaitykite [[#Bendrosios pastabos]]
*Skaitykite [[#Kaip pridėti naujas failų saugyklas]]
*Skaitykite [[#Kaip įdiegti Samba Server bylų/katalogų dalijimosi paslaugą]]

sudo apt-get install linpopup
gksudo gedit /usr/share/applications/linpopup.desktop

*Įrašykite šias eilutes į naujai sukurtą bylą

[Desktop Entry]
Name=LinPopUp
Comment=LinPopUp
Exec=linpopup
Icon=/usr/share/pixmaps/linpopup.xpm
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;Utility;

*Išsaugokite redaguojamą bylą
*Skaitykite [[#Kaip atnaujinti GNOME skydelį (GNOME panel)]]
*Applications -> Accessories -> LinPopUp

==== Kaip įdiegti Multimedia Kodekus ====

[[User:Stubby|Stubby]] Veikia visi žinomi kodekai išskyrus wmv

*Skaitykite [[#Bendrosios pastabos]]
*Skaitykite [[#Kaip pridėti naujas failų saugyklas]]

sudo apt-get install gstreamer0.10-ffmpeg gstreamer0.10-gl gstreamer0.10-plugins-base \
gstreamer0.10-plugins-good gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad-multiverse \
gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly-multiverse w32codecs
*Skaitykite [[#Kaip perkrauti GNOME neperkraunant kompiuterio]]

==== Kaip įdiegti DVD grojimo galimybę ====

[[User:ironss|ironss]]: gstreamer dvd įskiepis yra plugins-bad (or ugly?) dalis tačiau veikia nepatikimai. Vis dėlto, Totem groja DVD kartu su xine. Tai bus tol, kol gstreamer neturės DVD grojimo galimybės. Atkreipkite dėmesį, jog jums nereikia įdiegti xine-ui ar mplayer kaip siūloma

*Skaitykite [[#Bendrosios pastabos]]
*Skaitykite [[#Kaip pridėti naujas failų saugyklas]]

sudo apt-get install libdvdread3
sudo /usr/share/doc/libdvdread3/examples/install-css.sh
sudo apt-get install totem-xine

[[User:Stubby|Stubby]]: gstreamer dvd įskiepis dar nėra pritaikytas dapper versijai. Žemiau pateiktos instrukcijos neleis patikimai dirbti

*Skaitykite [[#Bendrosios pastabos]]
*Skaitykite [[#Kaip pridėti naujas failų saugyklas]]

sudo apt-get install libdvdcss2

==== Kaip įdiegti Multimedia Grotuvą (xine-ui) ====

*Skaitykite [[#Bendrosios pastabos]]
*Skaitykite [[#Kaip pridėti naujas failų saugyklas]]
*Skaitykite [[#Kaip įdiegti Multimedia Kodekus]]
*Skaitykite [[#Kaip įdiegti DVD grojimo galimybę]]

sudo apt-get install xine-ui libxine-extracodecs

*Susiekite xine-ui su multimedijos bylomis

gconftool-2 --type string --set /desktop/gnome/volume_manager/autoplay_dvd_command "xine dvd://"
sudo rm -f /usr/share/applnk/Multimedia/xine.desktop
sudo ln -fs /usr/share/xine/desktop/xine.desktop /usr/share/applications/
sudo cp /usr/share/applications/defaults.list /usr/share/applications/defaults.list_backup
sudo sed -e 's/totem.desktop/xine.desktop/g' /usr/share/applications/defaults.list_backup > /tmp/defaults.list
sudo mv /tmp/defaults.list /usr/share/applications/defaults.list

*Skaitykite [[#Kaip atnaujinti GNOME skydelį (GNOME panel)]]
*Skaitykite [[#Kaip atnaujinti GNOME darbalaukį]]
*Applications -> Sound & Video -> xine

==== Kaip įdiegti Multimedia Grotuvą (VLC) su įskiepiu Mozilla Firefox ====
*Skaitykite [[#Bendrosios pastabos]]
*Skaitykite [[#Kaip pridėti naujas failų saugyklas]]

sudo apt-get install vlc vlc-plugin-* mozilla-plugin-vlc

*Norėdami transliuoti video pasinaudojus vlc jums reikia įdiegti žemiau esančius paketus.

apt-get install avahi-daemon
apt-get install avahi-utils

:Applications -> Sound and Video -> VLC Media Player

==== Kaip įdiegti Multimedia Grotuvą (Mplayer) su įskiepiu Mozilla Firefox====

*Skaitykite [[#Bendrosios pastabos]]
*Skaitykite [[#Kaip pridėti naujas failų saugyklas]]

sudo apt-get install mozilla-mplayer

:Applications -> Sound and Video -> MPlayer Movie Player

==== Kaip įdiegti Multimedia Grotuvą (Totem) su įskiepiu Mozilla Firefox ====

*Skaitykite [[#Bendrosios pastabos]]
*Skaitykite [[#Kaip pridėti naujas failų saugyklas]]
*Skaitykite [[#Kaip įdiegti Multimedia Kodekus]]
*Skaitykite [[#Kaip įdiegti DVD grojimo galimybę]]

sudo apt-get install totem-gstreamer-firefox-plugin

*Perkraukite Mozilla Firefox

==== Kaip įdiegti Multimedia Grotuvą (XMMS) ====

*Skaitykite [[#Bendrosios pastabos]]
*Skaitykite [[#Kaip pridėti naujas failų saugyklas]]
*Skaitykite [[#Kaip įdiegti Multimedia Kodekus]]

sudo apt-get install xmms
sudo apt-get install xmms-skins
wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/xmms-wma_1.0.4-2_i386.deb
sudo dpkg -i xmms-wma_1.0.4-2_i386.deb

*Susiekite XMMS su MP3/M3U/WAV bylomis

sudo cp /usr/share/applications/defaults.list /usr/share/applications/defaults.list_backup
sudo cp /usr/share/applications/defaults.list /tmp/defaults.list_tmp
sudo sed -e 's/audio\/mpeg=.*/audio\/mpeg=XMMS.desktop/g' /tmp/defaults.list_tmp > /tmp/defaults.mp3
sudo sed -e 's/audio\/x-mpegurl=.*/audio\/x-mpegurl=XMMS.desktop/g' /tmp/defaults.mp3 > /tmp/defaults.m3u
sudo sed -e 's/audio\/x-wav=.*/audio\/x-wav=XMMS.desktop/g' /tmp/defaults.m3u > /tmp/defaults.list
sudo mv /tmp/defaults.list /usr/share/applications/defaults.list
sudo rm -f /tmp/defaults.*

*Skaitykite [[#Kaip atnaujinti GNOME skydelį (GNOME panel)]]
*Skaitykite [[#Kaip atnaujinti GNOME darbalaukį]]
*Applications -> Sound & Video -> XMMS

==== Kaip įdiegti Multimedia Grotuvą (amaroK) ====

*Skaitykite [[#Bendrosios pastabos]]
*Skaitykite [[#Kaip pridėti naujas failų saugyklas]]
*Skaitykite [[#Kaip įdiegti Multimedia Kodekus]]

sudo apt-get install amarok

*Applications -> Sound & Video -> amaroK

==== Kaip įdiegti Multimedia Grotuvą (RealPlayer 10) ====

*Skaitykite [[#Bendrosios pastabos]]
*Skaitykite [[#Kaip pridėti naujas failų saugyklas]]

sudo apt-get install realplay

:Dėmesio: 'realplay' įdiegs RealPlayer 10 iš PLF repozitorijos, kuri turėtų būti pasiekiama, jeigu viską perskaitėte įdėmiai . 'realplayer' įdiegs RealPlayer 8 iš multiverse.

*Applications -> Sound & Video -> RealPlayer 10
*Taip pat bus įdiegti visi reikalingi įskiepiai peržiūrai Mozilla Firefox programoje
*Norėdami išvengti mirgėjimo ar juodo ekrano keičiant langus, pasirinkite
* RealPlayer 10 -> Tools -> Preferences -> Hardware -> Uncheck XVideo

==== Kaip įdiegti Srautų Katalogo Naršyklę (streamtuner) ====

*Skaitykite [[#Bendrosios pastabos]]
*Skaitykite [[#Kaip pridėti naujas failų saugyklas]]

sudo apt-get install streamtuner
sudo apt-get install streamripper

*Skaitykite [[#Kaip atnaujinti GNOME skydelį (GNOME panel)]]
*Applications -> Sound & Video -> streamtuner

==== Kaip įdiegti Muzikos Tvarkytuvą (Cowbell) ====

*Skaitykite [[#Bendrosios pastabos]]
*Skaitykite [[#Kaip pridėti naujas failų saugyklas]]

sudo apt-get install cowbell

*Applications -> Sound & Video -> Cowbell Music Organizer

==== Kaip įdiegti ID3 žymų redaktorių (EasyTAG) ====

*Skaitykite [[#Bendrosios pastabos]]
*Skaitykite [[#Kaip pridėti naujas failų saugyklas]]

sudo apt-get install easytag

*Skaitykite [[#Kaip atnaujinti GNOME skydelį (GNOME panel)]]]
*Applications -> Sound & Video -> EasyTAG

==== Kaip įdiegti Video redaktorių (Kino) ====

*Skaitykite [[#Bendrosios pastabos]]
*Skaitykite [[#Kaip pridėti naujas failų saugyklas]]
*Skaitykite [[#Kaip įdiegti Multimedia Kodekus]]

sudo apt-get install kino
sudo apt-get install kinoplus
sudo apt-get install kino-timfx
sudo apt-get install kino-dvtitler

*Skaitykite [[#Kaip atnaujinti GNOME skydelį (GNOME panel)]]
*Applications -> Sound & Video -> Kino Video Editor

==== Kaip įdiegti Audio redaktorių (Audacity) ====

*Skaitykite [[#Bendrosios pastabos]]
*Skaitykite [[#Kaip pridėti naujas failų saugyklas]]
*Skaitykite [[#Kaip įdiegti Multimedia Kodekus]]

sudo apt-get install audacity

*Skaitykite [[#Kaip atnaujinti GNOME skydelį (GNOME panel)]]
*Applications -> Sound & Video -> Audacity

==== Kaip įdiegti Muzikos tvarkytuvą ir grotuvą (Banshee) ====

*Skaitykite [[#Bendrosios pastabos]]
*Skaitykite [[#Kaip pridėti naujas failų saugyklas]]
*Skaitykite [[#Kaip įdiegti Multimedia Kodekus]]

sudo apt-get install banshee

==== Kaip įdiegti DVD Kopijuoklį (dvd::rip) ====

*Skaitykite [[#Bendrosios pastabos]]
*Skaitykite [[#Kaip pridėti naujas failų saugyklas]]
*Skaitykite [[#Kaip įdiegti Multimedia Kodekus]]
*Skaitykite [[#Kaip įdiegti DVD grojimo galimybę]]
*Skaitykite [[#Kaip įdiegti Multimedia Grotuvą (Totem) su įskiepiu Mozilla Firefox]]
*Skaitykite [[#Kaip įdiegti RAR archyvatorių (rar)]]

sudo apt-get install dvdrip vcdimager cdrdao subtitleripper
sudo ln -fs /usr/bin/rar /usr/bin/rar-2.80
gksudo gedit /usr/share/applications/dvdrip.desktop

*Įrašykite šias eilutes į naują bylą

[Desktop Entry]
Name=dvd::rip
Comment=dvd::rip
Exec=dvdrip
Icon=/usr/share/perl5/Video/DVDRip/icon.xpm
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;AudioVideo;

*Išsaugokite redaguojamą bylą
*Skaitykite [[#Kaip atnaujinti GNOME skydelį (GNOME panel)]]
*Applications -> Sound & Video -> dvd::rip

==== Kaip įdiegti DVD Kopijuoklį (AcidRip) ====

*Skaitykite [[#Bendrosios pastabos]]
*Skaitykite [[#Kaip pridėti naujas failų saugyklas]]
*Skaitykite [[#Kaip įdiegti Multimedia Grotuvą (Mplayer) su įskiepiu Mozilla Firefox]]

sudo apt-get install acidrip

*Skaitykite [[#Kaip atnaujinti GNOME skydelį (GNOME panel)]]

'''Pastaba:''' AcidRip neatpažins dvd jeigu yra įjungtas dma. Jei taip - atstatykite būseną [[#Kaip pagreitinti CD/DVD-ROM]].

==== Kaip įdiegti CD Kopijuoklį (Goobox) ====

*Skaitykite [[#Bendrosios pastabos]]
*Skaitykite [[#Kaip pridėti naujas failų saugyklas]]
*Skaitykite [[#Kaip įdiegti Multimedia Kodekus]]

sudo apt-get install goobox
sudo rm -f /usr/share/applications/goobox.desktop
gksudo gedit /usr/share/applications/goobox.desktop

*Įrašykite šias eilutes į naują bylą

[Desktop Entry]
Name=CD Player & Ripper
Comment=Play and extract CDs
Exec=goobox
Icon=goobox.png
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;AudioVideo;

*Išsaugokite redaguojamą bylą
*Skaitykite [[#Kaip atnaujinti GNOME skydelį (GNOME panel)]]
*Applications -> Sound & Video -> CD Player & Ripper

==== Kaip įdiegti paveikslėlių peržiūros programą (digiKam) ====

*Skaitykite [[#Bendrosios pastabos]]
*Skaitykite [[#Kaip pridėti naujas failų saugyklas]]

sudo apt-get install digikam digikamimageplugins kipi-plugins

*Applications -> Graphics -> digikam

==== Kaip įdiegti Picasa paveikslėlių tvarkytuvą ====

*Skaitykite [[#Bendrosios pastabos]]

gksudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

* Įrašykite šias eilutes atidarytos bylos pabaigoje

# Google Picasa for Linux repository
deb http://dl.google.com/linux/deb/ stable non-free

* Išsaugokite redaguojamą bylą

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install picasa

*Applications -> Graphics -> Picasa

==== Kaip įdiegti vektorinės grafikos redaktorių (Inkscape) ====

*Skaitykite [[#Bendrosios pastabos]]
*Skaitykite [[#Kaip pridėti naujas failų saugyklas]]]

sudo apt-get install inkscape

==== Kaip įdiegti Opera naršyklę ====

*Skaitykite [[#Bendrosios pastabos]]
*Skaitykite [[#Kaip pridėti naujas failų saugyklas]]

sudo apt-get install opera

*Applications -> Internet -> Opera

*Norėdami naudotis Java - pasirinkite Tools->Preferences->Advanced->Content-> Pažymėkite "Enable Java". Paspauskite "Enable Java..." mygtuką ir įveskite
/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.5.0-sun/jre/lib/i386
(skirta sun java) atsiradusiame lange. Po to paspauskite "Validate Java Path" mygtuką.

==== Kaip įdiegti el. pašto klientą (Mozilla Thunderbird) ====

*Skaitykite [[#Bendrosios pastabos]]
*Skaitykite [[#Kaip pridėti naujas failų saugyklas]]

sudo apt-get install mozilla-thunderbird

*Skaitykite [[#Kaip atnaujinti GNOME skydelį (GNOME panel)]]
*Applications -> Internet -> Thunderbird Mail Client

==== Kaip įdiegti naujienų skaitytuvą (newsreader) (Pan) ====

*Skaitykite [[#Bendrosios pastabos]]

sudo apt-get install pan

*Applications -> Internet -> Pan Newsreader

==== How to install RSS/RDF/Atom Newsreader (RSSOwl) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to install J2SE Runtime Environment (JRE) with Plug-in for Mozilla Firefox]]

wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/rssowl_linux_1_1_3_bin.tar.gz
sudo tar zxvf rssowl_linux_1_1_3_bin.tar.gz -C /opt/
sudo chown -R root:root /opt/rssowl_linux_1_1_3_bin/
gksudo gedit /usr/bin/runRSSOwl.sh

*Insert the following lines into the new file

export MOZILLA_FIVE_HOME=/usr/lib/mozilla-firefox
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:${MOZILLA_FIVE_HOME}:${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}
cd /opt/rssowl_linux_1_1_3_bin/
./run.sh

*Save the edited file

sudo chmod +x /usr/bin/runRSSOwl.sh
gksudo gedit /usr/share/applications/RSSOwl.desktop

*Insert the following lines into the new file

[Desktop Entry]
Name=RSSOwl
Comment=RSSOwl
Exec=runRSSOwl.sh
Icon=/opt/rssowl_linux_1_1_3_bin/rssowl.xpm
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;Network;

*Save the edited file
*Applications -> Internet -> RSSOwl

==== How to install Web Authoring System (Nvu) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install nvu
sudo rm -f /usr/share/applications/nvu.desktop
gksudo gedit /usr/share/applications/nvu.desktop

*Insert the following lines into the new file

[Desktop Entry]
Name=Nvu
Comment=Web Development Editor
Exec=nvu
Icon=nvu.xpm
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;Development;

*Save the edited file
*Read [[#How to refresh GNOME panel]]
*Applications -> Internet -> Nvu

====How to install Web Development Environment (quanta plus) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install quanta

*Applications -> Programming -> Quanta Plus

==== How to install Project Management Application (Planner) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install planner

*Read [[#How to refresh GNOME panel]]
*Applications -> Office -> Project Management

==== How to install jedit ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]
*Read [[#How to install J2SE Runtime Environment (JRE) with Plug-in for Mozilla Firefox]]

wget -c http://optusnet.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/jedit/jedit_4.3pre6_all.deb
sudo dpkg -i jedit_4.3pre6_all.deb

* Applications -> Programming -> Programmers text editor jedit

==== How to install Accounting Application (GnuCash) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install gnucash
sudo rm -fr /usr/share/gnome/apps/Applications/
gksudo gedit /usr/share/applications/GnuCash.desktop

*Insert the following lines into the new file

[Desktop Entry]
Name=GnuCash
Comment=GnuCash Personal Finance
Exec=gnucash
Icon=/usr/share/pixmaps/gnucash/gnucash-icon.png
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;Office;

*Save the edited file
*Read [[#How to refresh GNOME panel]]
*Applications -> Office -> GnuCash

==== How to install Desktop Publishing Application (Scribus) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install scribus

*Read [[#How to refresh GNOME panel]]
*Applications -> Office -> Scribus

==== How to install Diagram Editor (Dia) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install dia-gnome

*Read [[#How to refresh GNOME panel]]
*Applications -> Graphics -> Dia

==== How to install Compiled HTML Help (CHM) Viewer (xCHM) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install xchm

*Read [[#How to refresh GNOME panel]]
*Applications -> Graphics -> xCHM

==== How to install CD/DVD Burning Application (GnomeBaker) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install gnomebaker

*Read [[#How to refresh GNOME panel]]
*Applications -> Sound & Video -> GnomeBaker

==== How to install CD/DVD Burning Application (K3b) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install k3b libk3b2-mp3

*Applications -> Sound & Video -> K3b

==== How to install Dialup PPP Client (GNOME PPP) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install gnome-ppp

*Read [[#How to refresh GNOME panel]]
*Applications -> Internet -> GNOME PPP

==== How to install Broadband ADSL/PPPoE Client (RP-PPPoE) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to install Basic Compilers (build-essential)]]

wget -c <nowiki>http://easylinux.info/uploads/rp-pppoe-3.6.tar.gz</nowiki>
sudo tar zxvf rp-pppoe-3.6.tar.gz -C /opt/
sudo chown -R root:root /opt/rp-pppoe-3.6/
gksudo gedit /usr/share/applications/RP-PPPoE.desktop

*Insert the following lines into the new file

[Desktop Entry]
Name=RP-PPPoE
Comment=RP-PPPoE
Exec=gksudo /opt/rp-pppoe-3.6/go-gui
Icon=pppoeconf.xpm
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;Network;

*Save the edited file
*Read [[#How to refresh GNOME panel]]
*Applications -> Internet -> RP-PPPoE

==== How to install Boot-Up Manager (BUM) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install bum

*Read [[#How to refresh GNOME panel]]
*System -> Administration -> Boot-Up Manager

==== How to install Partition Editor (GParted) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install gparted

*Read [[#How to refresh GNOME panel]]
*Applications -> System Tools -> GParted

==== How to install Firewall (Firestarter) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install firestarter

*Read [[#How to refresh GNOME panel]]
*Applications -> System Tools -> Firestarter

==== How to install network traffic analyzer (Ethereal) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install ethereal

*Applications -> Internet -> Ethereal

==== How to install Vulnerability Scanner (Nessus) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install nessus
sudo apt-get install nessusd
sudo nessus-adduser
sudo ln -fs /etc/init.d/nessusd /etc/rc2.d/S20nessusd
sudo /etc/init.d/nessusd start
gksudo gedit /usr/share/applications/Nessus.desktop

*Insert the following lines into the new file

[Desktop Entry]
Name=Nessus
Comment=Nessus
Exec=nessus
Icon=/usr/share/pixmaps/nessus.xpm
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;System;

*Save the edited file
*Read [[#How to refresh GNOME panel]]
*Applications -> System Tools -> Nessus

==== Kaip įdiegti RAR archyvatorių (rar) ====

*Skaitykite [[#Bendrosios pastabos]]
*Skaitykite [[#Kaip pridėti naujas failų saugyklas]]

sudo apt-get install rar
sudo ln -fs /usr/bin/rar /usr/bin/unrar

*Applications -> Accessories -> Archive Manager

==== Kaip įdiegti papildomus šriftus ====

*Skaitykite [[#Bendrosios pastabos]]
*Skaitykite [[#Kaip pridėti naujas failų saugyklas]]

sudo apt-get install xfonts-intl-arabic
sudo apt-get install xfonts-intl-asian
sudo apt-get install xfonts-intl-chinese
sudo apt-get install xfonts-intl-chinese-big
sudo apt-get install xfonts-intl-european
sudo apt-get install xfonts-intl-japanese
sudo apt-get install xfonts-intl-japanese-big
sudo apt-get install xfonts-intl-phonetic
sudo apt-get install gsfonts-x11
sudo apt-get install msttcorefonts
sudo fc-cache -f -v

*Skaitykite [[#Kaip perkrauti GNOME neperkraunant kompiuterio]]

:''Pastaba: Ubuntu Dapper instaliuojamas su DejaVu šriftais ir pilnai palaiko Latin, Greek ir Cyrillic paremtas kalbas.''

==== How to install Chinese Input Method (SCIM) ====

'''The following advices are outdated and it could be hard to revert to normal afterwards. Please follow instead the official Ubuntu 6.06 Dapper Drake guide [https://wiki.ubuntu.com/InputMethods/SCIM/CJK_Chinese_Japanese_Korean_Input_Method_configuration_using_SCIM_in_Ubuntu_6%2e06_Dapper_Drake HERE]'''

'''Please note that scim is now installed by default in Dapper, and installing Chinese, Japanese or Korean Support is done using System>Administration>Language Support. The wiki details the method more thoroughly'''

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]
*Read [[#How to install Extra Fonts]]

sudo apt-get install scim
sudo apt-get install scim-chinese
sudo apt-get install scim-config-socket
sudo apt-get install scim-gtk2-immodule
sudo apt-get install scim-tables-zh
wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/fireflysung-1.3.0.tar.gz
sudo tar zxvf fireflysung-1.3.0.tar.gz -C /usr/share/fonts/truetype/
sudo chown -R root:root /usr/share/fonts/truetype/fireflysung-1.3.0/
sudo fc-cache -f -v

*System -> Preferences -> SCIM Input Method Setup
*To activate SCIM

Press 'Ctrl + Space'

==== How to install Desktop Applets (gDesklets) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install gdesklets
sudo apt-get install gdesklets-data

*Read [[#How to refresh GNOME panel]]
*Applications -> Accessories -> gDesklets
*For more info see: http://www.gdesklets.org/

==== How to install Basic Compilers (build-essential) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install build-essential

==== How to install Integrated Development Environment (Anjuta) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install anjuta

*Applications -> Programming -> Anjuta IDE

==== How to install C# Integrated Development Environment (MonoDevelop) ====
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install mono mono-gmcs mono-gac mono-utils monodevelop

==== How to install 3D modeling tool (Blender 3d) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install blender

*Applications -> Graphics -> Blender 3D modeller

==== How to install game Tuxracer ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install planetpenguin-racer planetpenguin-racer-data planetpenguin-racer-extras

*Applications -> Games -> planetpenguin-racer

==== How to install game Frozen-Bubble ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install frozen-bubble

*Applications -> Games -> Frozen-Bubble

==== How to install game Scorched3D ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install scorched3d
gksudo gedit /usr/share/applications/scorched3d.desktop

*Insert the following lines into the new file

[Desktop Entry]
Name=Scorched 3D
Comment=A 3D Remake Of Scorched Earth
Exec=scorched3d
Icon=
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;Game;ArcadeGame;

*Save the edited file
*Read [[#How to refresh GNOME panel]]
*Applications -> Games -> Scorched 3D

==== How to install virtual planetarium (Stellarium) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install stellarium
gksudo gedit /usr/share/applications/stellarium.desktop

*Insert the following lines into the new file

[Desktop Entry]
Name=Stellarium
Comment=Virtual planetarium
Exec=stellarium
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;Education;

*Applications -> Education -> Stellarium

Second installation [http://www.autopackage.org method]: (version 0.6.2)

1. Download the [http://bylands.dur.ac.uk/~mh/stellarium-0.6.2.x86.package Stellarium Linux installer].
2. Save it to your Desktop.
3. Right-click it, enable "Properties --> Permissions --> Owner:Execute" and close the dialogue box. (One-time procedure)
4. Double-click it and follow the instructions.
5. Install the support code system-wide, if you have the root password. (One-time procedure)

NOTE: You can and should install the program as a User, rather than Root. This is easily accomplished with the second method.

==== How to install Google Toolbar for Firefox ====

The current version of Google Toolbar works fine with Firefox 1.5.0.5 in Ubuntu 6.06

In Firefox, click the link below

http://www.google.com/tools/firefox/toolbar/

then click on the big download button.

==== How to install Google Earth ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

wget -c http://dl.google.com/earth/GE4/GoogleEarthLinux.bin
sudo sh GoogleEarthLinux.bin

*Leave ''/usr/local/google-earth'' as the installation path
*After installation click '''Exit'''. If you instead chose to run the application, read the Note below.

sudo cp /usr/local/google-earth/googleearth.desktop /usr/share/applications/

*Applications -> Internet -> Google Earth

*''Note:'' If you run Google Earth for the first time from the installer, it will require root privileges to run the next time. To fix that:
sudo chmod 777 -R ~/.googleearth

==== How to install KDE Edutainment applications ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install kdeedu

*Applications -> Education -> ...

==== How to install Internet Explorer + Flash 9 ====
*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]
*Read [[#How to install Windows_Applications in Linux (Wine)]]

This will install a wine'd version of Internet Explorer 6 with Flash 9, as well as IE 5.5/5.01 if you really want them.
*''Note:'' Flash 9 will '''NOT''' be available in browsers other than IE.
*Open a terminal and run this:
wget <nowiki>http://www.tatanka.com.br/ies4linux/downloads/ies4linux-2.0.tar.gz</nowiki> -O - | tar xvzf -

*Or, if that doesn't work, use this command:
wget <nowiki>http://modzer0.cs.uaf.edu/~hardwarehank/files/ies4linux-2.0.tar.gz</nowiki> -O - | tar xvzf -

*Then, just run it:
cd ies4linux-2.0
sh ies4linux

You don't have to run it as root (no sudo). If you do, it will make global symlinks, which is fine if you want that. Otherwise, it will use ~/bin. Read the README:
less README

==== How to install Windows Applications in Linux (Wine) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

Wine Is Not an Emulator. Wine is an Open Source implementation of the Windows API on top of X and Unix. Think of Wine as a compatibility layer for running Windows programs. Wine does not require Microsoft Windows, as it is a completely free alternative implementation of the Windows API consisting of 100% non-Microsoft code, however Wine can optionally use native Windows DLLs if they are available.

In other words, Wine will let you run Windows applications in Linux.

*First, add repository for Wine:

gksudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

*Add the following lines at the end of this file

# Repository for wine
deb <nowiki>http://wine.budgetdedicated.com/apt</nowiki> dapper main
deb-src <nowiki>http://wine.budgetdedicated.com/apt</nowiki> dapper main

*Save the edited file

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install wine

*For more info see http://www.winehq.com/

==== How to install a Drop Down Terminal like in First Person Shooters (tilda) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

Do you want a console like in a first person shooter? Tilda should take care of you.

sudo apt-get install tilda

* The default keybinding is F1. To change the default keybinding, either enter tilda -C at the terminal, or right click on the tilda terminal then click Preferences. While in preferences, you can change other things such as transparency, font, size, and window size.

== Kitos darbalaukio aplinkos ==

==== Kaip įdiegti KDE ====

*Skaitykite [[#Bendrosios pastabos]]
*Skaitykite [[#Kaip pridėti naujas failų saugyklas]]
*Taip pat galite pasižiūrėti [http://www.kde.org/screenshots/ KDE darbastalio nuotraukų]

sudo apt-get install kubuntu-desktop

:''Pastaba: Šiai instaliacijai reikia ~400MB disko vietos''

*System -> Log Out -> Log Out
*Prisijungimui į KDE spauskite ''Sessions'' ir pasirinkite KDE

==== Kaip įdiegti XFCE ====

*Skaitykite [[#Bendrosios pastabos]]
*Skaitykite [[#Kaip pridėti naujas failų saugyklas]]
*Taip pat galite pasižiūrėti [http://www.xfce.org/index.php?page=screenshots&lang=en XFCE darbastalio nuotraukų]

sudo apt-get install xubuntu-desktop

*System -> Log Out -> Log Out
*Prisijungimui į XFCE spauskite ''Sessions'' ir pasirinkite XFCE

==== Kaip įdiegti XFCE 4.4 peržiūros (preview) versiją (4.3.90.1) ====

*Xfce 4.4 beta 1 (4.3.90.1) įrašimas į naujai instaliuotą Dapper:

*parsisiųskite Xfce 4.4 peržiūros (preview) versijos įdiegiklį (žiūrėkite http://www.xfce.org)

sudo apt-get install build-essential gcc pkg-config libglib2.0-0 \
libglib2.0-dev libgtk2.0-0 libgtk2.0-dev libxml++2.6c2a libxml++2.6-dev \
libvte-dev libvte4 a2ps libxpm-dev libxpm4 alsa-source alsa alsa-base \
alsa-oss alsa-utils libxml-parser-perl libpng12-0 libpng12-dev libdbh1.0-dev

chmod +x xfce4-4.3.90.1-installer.bin
sudo ./xfce4-4.3.90.1-installer.bin

*diegiklyje, naudokite numatytuosius nustatymus, išskyrus:
*:''Extensive Optimizations'', gali būti keičiamas į 386
*:''Use ALSA for the Xfce Mixer'', gali būti išjungtas
*:(žiūrėkite http://forums.debian.net/viewtopic.php?t=4697&)

* galiausiai, kad galėtumėte naudoti Xfce, rekia jį įjungtį darbastalio tvarkyklėje (pažymėkite ''allow Xfce manage desktop'')

==== Kaip įdiegti FluxBox ====
*Skaitykite [[#Bendrosios pastabos]]
*Skaitykite [[#Kaip pridėti naujas failų saugyklas]]

Štai keletas [http://fluxbox.org/screenshots.php darbastalio nuotraukų]. Fluxbox yra populiari minimalistė langų (Window) tvarkyklė.
sudo apt-get install fluxbox

===== Kad įsijungtų kai prisijungiate per GDM =====
echo "exec startfluxbox" > ~/.xinitrc

===== Pridėkite garso efektą prisijungiant =====
sudo apt-get install sox
gedit ~/.fluxbox/startup

*Raskite šią euilutę:
exec /usr/local/bin/fluxbox

*Įrašykite tai virš anos eilutės:
play /usr/share/sounds/login.wav > /dev/null 2>&1 &
*Linksmo klausimosi.

== Eye Candy ==

==== How to install Xgl/Compiz (Nvidia)====

*For complete info on how to set up XGL on different cards and some tweaks see: http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=148351

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to install Graphics Driver (NVIDIA)]]

sudo cp /etc/X11/xorg.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/X11/xorg.conf

*Find this section

Section "Module"
Load "i2c"
Load "bitmap"
...
Load "type1"
Load "vbe"
EndSection

*Comment out dri and GLcore (if present)

# Load "dri"
# Load "GLcore"

*Make sure the glx module is loaded

Load "glx"

*Find this section (your values may vary)

Section "Device"
Identifier "NVIDIA Corporation NV34M [GeForce FX Go5200]"
Driver "nv"
BusID "PCI:1:0:0"
EndSection

*Replace with the following lines, leaving the Identifier and BusID as it is

Section "Device"
...
Driver "nvidia"
...
Option "RenderAccel" "true"
Option "AllowGLXWithComposite" "true"
EndSection

*Find this section

Section "Screen"
Identifier "Default Screen"
Device "NVIDIA Corporation NV34M [GeForce FX Go5200]"
Monitor "Generic Monitor"
DefaultDepth 16

*Make sure DefaultDepth is set to 24, if it isn't already

DefaultDepth 24

*Save the edited file
*Install Xgl/Compiz

sudo apt-get install compiz xserver-xgl libgl1-mesa xserver-xorg libglitz-glx1 compiz-gnome
sudo cp /etc/gdm/gdm.conf-custom /etc/gdm/gdm.conf-custom-backup
gksudo gedit /etc/gdm/gdm.conf-custom

*Replace everything with the following lines

# GDM Configuration Customization file.
#
# This file is the appropriate place for specifying your customizations to the
# GDM configuration. If you run gdmsetup, it will automatically edit this
# file for you and will cause the daemon and any running GDM GUI programs to
# automatically update with the new configuration. Not all configuration
# options are supported by gdmsetup, so to modify some values it may be
# necessary to modify this file directly by hand.
#
# To hand-edit this file, simply add or modify the key=value combination in
# the appropriate section in the template below. Refer to the comments in the
# gdm.conf file for information about each option. Also refer to the reference
# documentation.
#
# If you hand edit a GDM configuration file, you should run the following
# command to get the GDM daemon to notice the change. Any running GDM GUI
# programs will also be notified to update with the new configuration.
#
# gdmflexiserver --command="UPDATE_CONFIG <configuration key>"
#
# For example, the "Enable" key in the "[debug]" section would be specified by
# "debug/Enable".
#
# You can also run gdm-restart or gdm-safe-restart to cause GDM to restart and
# re-read the new configuration settings. You can also restart GDM by sending
# a HUP or USR1 signal to the daemon. HUP behaves like gdm-restart and causes
# any user session started by GDM to exit immediately while USR1 behaves like
# gdm-safe-restart and will wait until all users log out before restarting GDM.
#
# For full reference documentation see the gnome help browser under
# GNOME|System category. You can also find the docs in HTML form on
# http://www.gnome.org/projects/gdm/
#
# NOTE: Lines that begin with "#" are considered comments.
#
# Have fun!

[daemon]

[security]

[xdmcp]

[gui]

[greeter]

[chooser]

[debug]

[servers]# Override display 1 to use Xgl
0=Xgl

[server-Xgl]
name=Xgl server
command=/usr/bin/Xgl :0 -fullscreen -ac -accel glx:pbuffer -accel xv:fbo
flexible=true

*Create a script that runs Xgl/Compiz on startup

gksudo gedit /usr/bin/thefuture

*Insert the following lines into the new file. Replace .us with appropriate keyboard binding for your region. Eg .gb for United Kingdom. For a full list of keyboard bindings, type ''ls /usr/share/xmodmap'' in a terminal. If unsure, leave as .us (United States)

#!/bin/bash
gnome-window-decorator & compiz --replace gconf decoration wobbly fade minimize cube rotate zoom scale move resize place switcher &
xmodmap /usr/share/xmodmap/xmodmap.us

*Save the file

sudo chmod 755 /usr/bin/thefuture

*To run compiz for this session

thefuture

*To have compiz load on startup
**System -> Preferences -> Sessions
**Startup Programs -> Add

/usr/bin/thefuture

**Click Ok, then Close
**Read [[#How to restart GNOME without rebooting computer]]

*Troubleshooting
**If Xgl/Compiz doesn't seem to work, or you get errors, simply restart your machine after adding "thefuture" to Startup programs
**If moving windows slows down the system, run gconf-editor from the terminal. Find apps/compiz/general/screen0/options. Disable detect_refresh_rate and set refresh rate to 60. Everything should work fine now...
**If you are using a non default keyboard layout (other language), you might have to change it back to what you need if the keyboard acts funny at System/Settings/Keyboard.
**You can also set the Super-key to the windows button here.
**If you don't want "bottom expanded panel", type "killall gnome-panel" in terminal.

*Tips
**Switch windows = Alt + Tab
**Arrange and View All Windows = F12 turns on or off; clicking a window will zoom it to the front
**Switch desktops on cube = Ctrl + Alt + Left/Right Arrow
**Switch desktops on cube - with active window following = Ctrl + Shift + Alt + Left/Right Arrow
**Rotate cube manually = Ctrl + Alt + left-click
**Make window translucent/opaque = currently only possible with the "transset" utility
**Zoom-in once = Super-key right-click
**Zoom-in manually = Super-key + wheel mouse up
**Zoom-out manually = Super-key + wheel mouse down
**Move window = Alt + left-click
**Snap Move window (will stick to borders) = Ctrl + Alt + left-click
**Resize window = Alt + right-click

==== How to install Xgl/Compiz (ATI) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to install Graphics Driver (ATI)]]
*See http://wiki.cchtml.com/index.php/Xgl-Compiz-Dapper

==== How to install alternate boot splash screen ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*This installs a minimalistic splash screen that appears when the computer is booting up and shutting down. It is devoid of any text messages.

wget -c http://www.users.on.net/~stubby/usplash-minimalistic_0.1.deb
sudo dpkg -i usplash-minimalistic_0.1.deb
sudo update-alternatives --config usplash-artwork.so

*Select the minimalistic alternative (/usr/local/lib/usplash/minimalastic.so) by entering the corresponding number. If you ever want to revert back to the original splash, select the default (/usr/lib/usplash/usplash-default.so)

*Restart your computer to see the effects
*See the official [https://help.ubuntu.com/community/USplashCustomizationHowto USplash Customization HOWTO] for more customization.

== Commercial Applications ==

==== How to install Windows 9X/ME/2000/XP (Win4Lin) ====

*http://www.win4lin.com

==== How to install Windows Applications (CrossOver Office) ====

*http://www.codeweavers.com

==== How to install Windows Games (Cedega) ====

*http://www.transgaming.com

== User Administration ==

==== How to set/change/enable root user password ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

sudo passwd root

==== How to disable root user account ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

sudo passwd -l root

==== How to allow root user to login into GNOME ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to set/change/enable root user password]]
*System -> Administration -> Login Screen Setup
*Login Screen Setup

Security Tab -> Security -> Allow root to login with GDM ('''Checked''')

==== How to switch to root user in Console mode ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

sudo -s -H
Password: <specify user password>

==== How to add/edit/delete system users ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*System -> Administration -> Users and Groups
*Users and Groups

Users Tab -> Add User.../Properties/Delete

:'''or'''

sudo useradd jim
sudo userdel jim

*For more info read

man usermod

==== How to add/edit/delete system groups ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*System -> Administration -> Users and Groups
*Users and Groups

Groups Tab -> Add Group.../Properties/Delete

==== How to automatic login into GNOME (not secure) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*System -> Administration -> Login Window

Security Tab -> Enable Automatic Login ('''Checked''')
Now choose a user from the drop-down menu.

==== How to allow more sudoers ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

EDITOR=gedit sudo visudo

*Append the following line at the end of file

system_username ALL=(ALL) ALL

*Save the edited file

'''OR''' since everyone in the '''admin''' group can use ''sudo'':
sudo adduser a_username admin

This appends the admin group to the user's supplementary group list. They will now have sudo access.

==== How to use "sudo" without prompt for password (not secure) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

EDITOR=gedit sudo visudo

*Find this line

...
system_username ALL=(ALL) ALL
...

*Replace with the following line

system_username ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL

*Save the edited file

==== How to explicitly destroy the "sudo" session ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

sudo -K

==== How to change files/folders permissions ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

Right click on files/folders -> '''Properties'''

Permissions Tab -> Read/Write/Execute (Checked the permissions for Owner/Group/Others)

==== How to change files/folders ownership ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

sudo chown system_username /location_of_files_or_folders

==== How to change files/folders group ownership ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

sudo chgrp system_groupname /location_of_files_or_folders

== Hardware ==
==== Activate side-mouse-buttons in FireFox ====
Just add two lines to xorg.conf will activate side-mouse-buttons in FireFox. This should work with most 5-button mouse. Here is a list of mice that worked with this instruction.
Logitech MX510
Logitech MX518
Intellimouse Explorer (first edition)

Backup Gnome configuration file
sudo cp /etc/X11/xorg.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf.bak

Modify the Gnome configuration file
gksudo gedit /etc/X11/xorg.conf

Find the Input Device section for your mouse and add two lines as shown below. You may also increase the number of buttons if your mouse has more than 7, just fix the rest of the section based upon the number of buttons (remember back/forward, wheel click & tilt left/right all count as buttons)

Change:

Section "InputDevice"
Identifier "Configured Mouse"
Driver "mouse"
Option "CorePointer"
...
Option "Protocol" "ExplorerPS/2"
...
Option "Emulate3Buttons" "true"
EndSection

to:

Section "InputDevice"
Identifier "Configured Mouse"
Driver "mouse"
Option "CorePointer"
...
Option "Protocol" "ExplorerPS/2"
...
Option "Emulate3Buttons" "true"
Option "Buttons" "7"
Option "ButtonMapping" "1 2 3 6 7"
EndSection

At this point you can reboot your computer or reboot Gnome (Ctrl-Alt-BackSpace) to see if your forward/back buttons work in FireFox. They still won't work in Nautilus yet until you install the imwheel dameon.

==== Install & Configure IMWheel ====
*Install IMWheel
sudo apt-get install imwheel

*Modify IMWheel configuration file
gksudo gedit /etc/X11/imwheel/imwheelrc

*Insert the following at the bottom of this existing file

".*"
None, Up, Alt_L|Left
None, Down, Alt_L|Right

"(null)"
None, Up, Alt_L|Left
None, Down, Alt_L|Right

*Create IMWheel start-up script

sudo mkdir /home/login
gksudo gedit /home/login/mouse

*Insert the following into this new file

#!/bin/sh
exec xmodmap -e "pointer = 1 2 3 6 7 4 5" &
exec imwheel -k -b "67" &
exec $REALSTARTUP

*Grant execution for everyone to this new script
sudo chmod +x /home/login/mouse

*Configure this script to be executed at start-up
*# Select 'System' > 'Preferences' > 'Sessions'
*# Click the StartUp tab
*# Click Add, then input: /home/login/mouse
*# Click OK, then Close

*Reboot your computer or your Gnome environment and then test your back/forward mouse buttons in Nautilus

==== How to install Graphics Driver (NVIDIA) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install nvidia-glx nvidia-kernel-common
sudo nvidia-glx-config enable

*Read [[#How to restart GNOME without rebooting computer]]

==== How to disable NVIDIA graphics logo on GNOME startup ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to install Graphics Driver (NVIDIA)]]

sudo cp /etc/X11/xorg.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/X11/xorg.conf

*Find this section

...
Section "Device"
Identifier "NVIDIA Corporation NV11 [GeForce2 MX/MX 400]"
Driver "nvidia"
BusID "PCI:1:0:0"
...

*Add the following line below it

Option "NoLogo"

*Save the edited file
*Read [[#How to restart GNOME without rebooting computer]]

==== How to install Graphics Driver (ATI) ====

*See [http://wiki.cchtml.com/index.php/Ubuntu_Installation_Guide Unofficial ATI Linux driver wiki]
*Or [http://ubuntuforums.org/showpost.php?p=423584 Ubuntuforums.org]

==== How to Correct the Graphics Resolution (Intel) ====
*Read [[#How to enable Large Widescreen Support]] if you have a larger (>20") monitor

*Intel 915g, 945g, etc. graphics chipsets only have a limited set of resolutions initially installed, despite the correct driver being detected.
*Install the resolution altering tool:

sudo apt-get install 915resolution

*Run the following to see the availible modes:

915resolution -l

*Choose a resolution you don't need and replace, for example the following changes 1920x1440 to 1920x1200

915resolution 5c 1920 1200

*This should add the option for that resolution to the "System>Preferences>Screen Resolution" tool.
*If it works correctly then you can make the change permanent:

sudo gedit /etc/rc.local

*Simply add the command you typed in above before:

exit 0

==== How to monitor CPU, GPU temperatures, fan speeds and voltages (GKrellM) ====

GKrellM is a hardware monitor that can display CPU and GPU temperatures, fan speeds, voltages, CPU load, network load, disk activity, memory usage, and swap usage. The installation is very easy, and configuration is just a few mouse-clicks. You can set alerts to warn you if the CPU is too hot or there is a fan failure..

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install gkrellm

To run the program

Click Applications -> System Tools -> GKrellM

To configure the settings,

Right click on GKrellM -> Configuration

I was struggling with lm_sensors before, but it doesn't detect all of the sensors on my computer, and the installation/configuration is a bit tedious. Later I found "GKrellM", which works much better. It displays the GPU temperature on my nVidia 6600 GT out of the box. GKrellM also has plugins that show weather info, set reminders, etc.

'''Add an audio alert (optional Step):'''
Here is how to play an audio message when the CPU is too hot or a fan fails. First you need to find or record your own audio alert files. (I use Audacity to record my own.) Then go to:

Configuration -> Builtins folder (Left side)-> Sensors -> Temperatures folder (Right side)-> CPU -> Alerts Button

Paste ONE of the following lines into a Terminal window first to test the sound. If you have two sound cards, you can use "-ao oss:/dev/dsp1" option to route the sound to the second sound card. Modify the file path and name so it points to the correct file. If you can hear the sound, then copy that line to a command line text field on the GKrellM's Alerts window.

mplayer /home/myfolder/alert_messages/heat_alert.mp3
mplayer -ao oss:/dev/dsp1 /home/myfolder/alert_messages/heat_alert.mp3

==== How to identify Modem chipset ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*To install Modem chipset identifier
*Read [[#How to install Basic Compilers (build-essential)]]

wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/scanModem.gz
gunzip -c scanModem.gz > scanModem
chmod +x scanModem
sudo cp scanModem /usr/bin/

*To identify Modem chipset

sudo scanModem
gedit Modem/ModemData.txt

==== How to install Windows Wireless Drivers (Ndiswrapper) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*In order to install ndiswrapper you need a copy the windows drivers for your Wireless ethernet device.
*This is only ment to be installed if your card isn't supported.
*Please visit [http://ndiswrapper.sourceforge.net/mediawiki/index.php/List Official supported cards list]

sudo apt-get install ndiswrapper-utils
sudo ndiswrapper -i /location_of_your_wireless_driver/your_driver.inf
sudo ndiswrapper -l

*Unload ACX module and load ndiswrapper

lsmod | grep acx
sudo rmmod acx (only if the module was found. It could also be acx_pci or similar)
modprobe ndiswrapper

*Set ndiswrapper to load on startup

sudo ndiswrapper -m
gksudo gedit /etc/modules

*Add the following module to the list

ndiswrapper

*Now you can configure your wireless card with ifconfig and iwconfig.

:''e.g. Supposing wlan0 is your wireless device.

sudo iwconfig wlan0 essid "AP" key ababababababababab mode Managed
iwconfig

*You sould now be able to see the MAC address of the access point and signal rate.

==== How to install Modem Driver (SmartLink) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

uname -r (must be 2.6.10-5-386)
wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/sl-modem-modules-2.6.10-5-386_2.9.9a-1ubuntu2+2.6.10-34_i386.deb
sudo dpkg -i sl-modem-modules-*.deb
sudo apt-get install sl-modem-daemon

==== How to configure PalmOS Devices ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

gksudo gedit /etc/udev/rules.d/10-custom.rules

*Insert the following line into the new file

BUS="usb", SYSFS{product}="Palm Handheld*", KERNEL="ttyUSB*", NAME{ignore_remove}="pilot", MODE="666"

*Save the edited file
*Add the pilot-applet to the Taskbar by Right-Clicking on an empty spot
*Follow the instructions on screen

==== How to list partition tables ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

sudo fdisk -l

*You can also use System -> Administration -> Disks

==== How to list filesystem disk space usage ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

df -Th

*You can also use System -> Administration -> Disks

==== How to list mounted devices ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

mount

==== How to list PCI devices ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

lspci

==== How to list USB devices ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

lsusb

==== Kaip pagreitinti CD/DVD-ROM ====

*Skaitykite [[#Bendrosios pastabos]]

:''pvz. Tarkime, kad CD/DVD-ROM yra /dev/cdrom''

sudo hdparm -d1 /dev/cdrom
sudo cp /etc/hdparm.conf /etc/hdparm.conf_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/hdparm.conf

*Įrašykite šias eilutes bylos pabaigoje

/dev/cdrom {
dma = on
}

*Išsaugokite redaguojamą bylą

==== Kaip prijungti/atjungti CD/DVD-ROM rankiniu būdu ir rodyti visas paslėptas bylas/katalogus ====

*Skaitykite [[#Bendrosios pastabos]]

:''pvz. Tarkime, kad CD/DVD-ROM yra /media/cdrom0/''

*Norėdami prijungti CD/DVD-ROM

sudo mount /media/cdrom0/ -o unhide

*Norėdami atjungti CD/DVD-ROM

sudo umount /media/cdrom0/

==== Kaip priverstinai rankiniu būdu atjunti CD/DVD-ROM ====

*Skaitykite [[#Bendrosios pastabos]]

:''e.g. pvz. Tarkime, kad CD/DVD-ROM yra /media/cdrom0/''

sudo umount /media/cdrom0/ -l

==== Kaip prijungti /etc/fstab esančius montavimo taškus neperkraunant kompiuterio ====

*Skaitykite [[#Bendrosios pastabos]]

sudo mount -a

==== How to install a Wacom tablet ====

'''For a detailed guide with screenshots about how to configure the "Extended input devices" in your graphic applications, please follow the official Dapper guide at https://wiki.ubuntu.com//Wacom '''

''With the version of the Linux Wacom driver (0.7.2) in Ubuntu 6.06 Dapper Drake, if you unplug you tablet, it won't function when you plug it back in and you will have to restart X. For this reason, it is best to leave the tablet plugged in. This limitation will be removed when the 0.7.4 version of the driver is included in Ubuntu.''

*Read [[#General Notes]]

* 1. Using Synaptic package manager1, check if the packages xserver-xorg-input-wacom and wacom-tools are already installed - if not, install them. If you prefer using the command line, you can also execute :

sudo apt-get install xserver-xorg-input-wacom wacom-tools

* 2. Save a copy of your /etc/X11/xorg.conf :

sudo cp /etc/X11/xorg.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf.backup

* then edit it with the command line :

gksudo gedit /etc/X11/xorg.conf

* and change all /dev/wacom occurences into /dev/input/wacom (created by wacom-tools udev scripts), then save the file.

*You should be ready to go after you have restarted X. Remember to configure the "Extended input devices" in your graphic applications (Gimp, Inkscape), however you can already check if it's working by moving your stylus on the tablet : the mouse cursor should go through the whole screen.

==== Kaip įjungti kelių procesorių palaikymą ====

* Tai turi veikti tiek su multiprocesorinėmis sistemomis tiek su HT palaikančiais procesoriais

sudo apt-get install linux-686-smp

* Patikrinti veikimą galite įvykdę sekančią komandą

cat /proc/cpuinfo

==== Kaip įjungti plačiaekranių monitorių palaikymą ====

*24/23" plačiaekraniai monitoriai dažnai veikia nekorektiškai režime 1920x1200.
*Pvz: Dell 2405, HP 2335 arba Apple Cinema Display.

sudo gedit /etc/X11/xorg.conf

*Įrašykite šią eilutę "Monitor" skiltyje

Modeline "1920x1200" 154 1920 1968 2000 2080 1200 1203 1209 1235

*Pvz. HP2335 atveju turi atrodyti taip:

Section "Monitor"
Identifier "hp L2335"
Option "DPMS"
Modeline "1920x1200" 154 1920 1968 2000 2080 1200 1203 1209 1235
EndSection

== CD/DVD Burning ==

==== How to blank CD-RW/DVD-RW ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

:''e.g. Assumed that /dev/cdrom is the location of CD/DVD-ROM''

sudo umount /dev/cdrom
cdrecord dev=/dev/cdrom blank=fast

==== How to burn files/folders into CD/DVD ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

nautilus burn:///

*File Browser: CD/DVD Creator

*Drag files/folders into window

File Menu -> Write to Disc... -> Write

==== How to burn Image (ISO) files into CD/DVD ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

Right click on Image (ISO) file -> Write to Disc... -> Write

==== How to duplicate CD/DVD ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to create Image (ISO) files from CD/DVD]]
*Read [[#How to burn Image (ISO) files into CD/DVD]]

==== Kaip sukurti CD/DVD atvaizdą (ISO) ====

*Skaitykite [[#Bendrosios pastabos]]

:''pvz. Tarkime, kad CD/DVD-ROM yra /dev/cdrom''

sudo umount /dev/cdrom
dd if=/dev/cdrom of=file.iso bs=1024

==== How to create Image (ISO) files from folders ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

mkisofs -o file.iso /location_of_folder/

==== How to generate MD5 checksum files ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

md5sum file.iso > file.iso.md5

==== How to check MD5 checksum of files ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

:''e.g. Assumed that file.iso and file.iso.md5 are in the same folder''

md5sum -c file.iso.md5

==== How to mount/unmount Image (ISO) files without burning ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*To mount Image (ISO) file

sudo mkdir /media/iso
sudo modprobe loop
sudo mount file.iso /media/iso/ -t iso9660 -o loop

*To unmount Image (ISO) file

sudo umount /media/iso/

==== How to set/change the burn speed for CD/DVD Burner ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Applications -> System Tools -> Configuration Editor
*Configuration Editor

/ -> apps -> nautilus-cd-burner -> default_speed (set/change the burn speed)

==== How to enable burnproof for CD/DVD Burner ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Applications -> System Tools -> Configuration Editor
*Configuration Editor

/ -> apps -> nautilus-cd-burner -> burnproof ('''Checked''')

==== How to enable overburn for CD/DVD Burner ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Applications -> System Tools -> Configuration Editor
*Configuration Editor

/ -> apps -> nautilus-cd-burner -> overburn ('''Checked''')

== Networking ==

==== How to configure Google Talk ====

*See the answer at [http://www.google.com/support/talk/bin/answer.py?answer=24073 Google Talk Help Center]

==== How to activate/deactivate network connections ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*System -> Administration -> Networking
*Network settings

Connections Tab -> Select "Ethernet connection" -> Activate/Deactivate

==== How to configure network connections ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*System -> Administration -> Networking
*Network settings

Connections Tab -> Select "Ethernet connection" -> '''Properties'''
Connection -> Enable this connection ('''Checked''')
Connection Settings -> Configuration: Select "DHCP/Static IP address"

DNS Tab -> DNS Servers -> Add/Delete

*Read [[#How to activate/deactivate network connections]]

==== How to configure dialup connections ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*To configure dialup

sudo pppconfig

*To connect dialup

sudo pon provider_name

*To disconnect dialup

sudo poff

==== How to configure broadband connections ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

sudo pppoeconf

==== How to change computer name ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*System -> Administration -> Networking
*Network settings

General Tab -> Host Settings -> Hostname: Specify the computer name

*Save and close all opened applications, Reboot computer

==== How to change computer descriptions ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to install Samba Server for files/folders sharing service]]

sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf

*Find this line

...
server string = %h server (Samba, Ubuntu)
...

*Replace with the following line

server string = new_computer_descriptions

*Save the edited file

sudo testparm
sudo /etc/init.d/samba restart

==== How to change computer Domain/Workgroup ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to install Samba Server for files/folders sharing service]]

sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf

*Find this line

...
workgroup = MSHOME
...

*Replace with the following line

workgroup = new_domain_or_workgroup

*Save the edited file

sudo testparm
sudo /etc/init.d/samba restart

==== How to assign Hostname to local machine with dynamic IP using free DynDNS service ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]
*Register free Dynamic DNS at http://www.dyndns.com/services/dns/dyndns

sudo apt-get install ipcheck
gksudo gedit /etc/ppp/ip-up.d/dyndns_update.sh

*Insert the following lines into the new file
<pre>
#!/bin/sh

USERNAME=myusername
PASSWORD=mypassword
HOSTNAME=myhostname.dyndns.org

cd /root/
if [ -f /root/ipcheck.dat ]; then
ipcheck -r checkip.dyndns.org:8245 $USERNAME $PASSWORD $HOSTNAME
else
ipcheck --makedat -r checkip.dyndns.org:8245 $USERNAME $PASSWORD $HOSTNAME
fi
</pre>
*Save the edited file

sudo chmod 700 /etc/ppp/ip-up.d/dyndns_update.sh
sudo sh /etc/ppp/ip-up.d/dyndns_update.sh

==== How to share folders the easy way ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to install Samba Server for files/folders sharing service]]

Right click on folder -> Share folder

Shared folder -> Share with: Select "SMB"
Share properties -> Name: Specify the share name

==== How to browse network computers ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

:''e.g. Assumed that network connections have been configured properly''
:'' If computers or network folders could not be found, try access them directly''
:'' Read [[#How to access network folders without mounting]]''

*Places -> Network Servers

==== How to access network folders without mounting ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

:''e.g. Assumed that network connections have been configured properly''
:'' Network computer's IP: 192.168.0.1''
:'' Shared folder's name: linux''

*Press 'Alt+F2' (Run Application...) and enter:

smb://192.168.0.1/linux

==== How to mount/unmount network folders manually, and allow all users to read ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to install Samba Server for files/folders sharing service]]

:''e.g. Assumed that network connections have been configured properly''
:'' Network computer's IP: 192.168.0.1''
:'' Network computer's Username: myusername''
:'' Network computer's Password: mypassword''
:'' Shared folder's name: linux''
:'' Local mount folder: /media/sharename''

*To mount network folder

sudo mkdir /media/sharename
sudo mount //192.168.0.1/linux /media/sharename/ -o username=myusername,password=mypassword

*To unmount network folder

sudo umount /media/sharename/

==== How to mount/unmount network folders manually, and allow all users to read/write ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to install Samba Server for files/folders sharing service]]

:''e.g. Assumed that network connections have been configured properly''
:'' Network computer's IP: 192.168.0.1''
:'' Network computer's Username: myusername''
:'' Network computer's Password: mypassword''
:'' Shared folder's name: linux''
:'' Local mount folder: /media/sharename''

*To mount network folder

sudo mkdir /media/sharename
sudo mount //192.168.0.1/linux /media/sharename/ -o username=myusername,password=mypassword,dmask=777,fmask=777

*To unmount network folder

sudo umount /media/sharename/

==== How to mount network folders on boot-up, and allow all users to read ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to install Samba Server for files/folders sharing service]]

:''e.g. Assumed that network connections have been configured properly''
:'' Network computer's IP: 192.168.0.1''
:'' Network computer's Username: myusername''
:'' Network computer's Password: mypassword''
:'' Shared folder's name: linux''
:'' Local mount folder: /media/sharename''

sudo mkdir /media/sharename
gksudo gedit /root/.smbcredentials

*Insert the following lines into the new file

username=myusername
password=mypassword

*Save the edited file

sudo chmod 700 /root/.smbcredentials
sudo cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/fstab

*Append the following line at the end of file

//192.168.0.1/linux /media/sharename smbfs credentials=/root/.smbcredentials 0 0

*Save the edited file
*Read [[#How to remount /etc/fstab without rebooting]]

==== How to mount network folders on boot-up, and allow all users to read/write ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to install Samba Server for files/folders sharing service]]

:''e.g. Assumed that network connections have been configured properly''
:'' Network computer's IP: 192.168.0.1''
:'' Network computer's Username: myusername''
:'' Network computer's Password: mypassword''
:'' Shared folder's name: linux''
:'' Local mount folder: /media/sharename''

sudo mkdir /media/sharename
gksudo gedit /root/.smbcredentials

*Insert the following lines into the new file

username=myusername
password=mypassword

*Save the edited file

sudo chmod 700 /root/.smbcredentials
sudo cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/fstab

*Append the following line at the end of file

//192.168.0.1/linux /media/sharename smbfs credentials=/root/.smbcredentials,dmask=777,fmask=777 0 0

*Save the edited file
*Read [[#How to remount /etc/fstab without rebooting]]

==== How to get ipw2200 and wpa to work ====

*See [http://www.ubuntuforums.org/showpost.php?p=130227p=423584 Ubuntuforuns.org how-tos]

==== How to Configure and start PPTP tunnels (VPN) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Use [http://pptpclient.sourceforge.net/howto-ubuntu.phtml these instructions] to automatically install PPTP Client
:'''OR'''
*Install manually

wget -c http://linux.edu.lv/uploads/content/pptp.tar.gz
tar zxvf pptp.tar.gz
sudo sh ./pptp/install

*To configure PPTP Client

gksudo gedit /usr/share/applications/pptpconfig.desktop

*Replace content of this file with the following lines

[Desktop Entry]
Name=PPTP Client
Comment=Configure and start PPTP tunnels (VPN)
Categories=Application;Network
Encoding=UTF-8
Exec=gksudo pptpconfig
Icon=gnome-remote-desktop.png
StartupNotify=true
Terminal=false
Type=Application

*The above lines change the default file in three ways: the application is placed in the Application/Internet category, gksudo will make the application run as superuser and we put a nice icon that appears in the menu.
*Start the client with ''Applications -> Internet -> PPTP Client''

==== How to Configure Ubuntu/Kubuntu with WPA using Network-Manager ====
Ubuntu Dapper in typical cases can configure WPA to work out of the box with minimal hassle. You'll need to install network-manager.

For Ubuntu:

sudo apt-get install network-manager-gnome

For Kubuntu (will install knetworkmanager):

sudo apt-get install network-manager-kde

Logout/Reboot.

Ubuntu users should now see the NetworkManager Applet in the Gnome notification area. Kubuntu users will probably have to run <tt>knetworkmanager</tt> before they see NetworkManager in the systray.

If instead, you get a "The NetworkManager applet could not find some required resources. It cannot continue." message, then:

sudo gtk-update-icon-cache -f /usr/share/icons/hicolor

Once Network-Manager is installed, click on the NM icon in the notification area (default is at the top right of Ubuntu/Gnome). Choose your network, then enter your passphrase. Type a password for the keyring, and you're set.

If you don't see your network, click "Create New Wireless Network...", type your essid/networkname, then choose "WPA Personal" for wireless security.

*Note: If you installed Kubuntu then installed ubuntu-desktop & network-manager-gnome, you may not be able to use network-manager in Gnome, if at all. In this case, you may have to use WPA Supplicant and do some manual editing of conf files to get WPA up and running.

*Note: When you first log into Gnome/KDE, the keyring application will ask for a password. Future revisions of Network-Manager should resolve this.

== Remote Desktop ==

==== How to configure remote desktop (not secure) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

:''Warning! Remote Desktop will only work if there's a GNOME login session''
:'' Leaving computer with an unattended GNOME login session is not secure''
:'' Use (System -> Lock Screen) and switch off the monitor when computer is left unattended''

*System -> Preferences -> Remote Desktop
*Remote Desktop Preferences

Sharing ->
Allow other users to view your desktop ('''Checked''')
Allow other users to control your desktop ('''Checked''')

Security ->
Ask you for confirmation (Un-Checked)
Require the user to enter this password: ('''Checked''')
Password: Specify the password

==== How to connect into remote Ubuntu desktop ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

:''e.g. Assumed that remote Ubuntu machine have configured Remote Desktop''
:'' Read [[#How to configure remote desktop (not secure)]]''
:'' Remote Ubuntu machine: 192.168.0.1''

vncviewer -fullscreen 192.168.0.1:0

*To quit vncviewer

Press 'F8' -> Quit viewer

==== How to connect into remote Ubuntu desktop via Windows machine ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

:''e.g. Assumed that remote Ubuntu machine have configured Remote Desktop''
:'' Read [[#How to configure remote desktop (not secure)]]''
:'' Remote Ubuntu machine: 192.168.0.1''

*If you have a router remember to open the appropiate port. The default one is 5900
:'' This process is called port forwarding [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_forwarding port forwarding]

*Download DotNetVNC: [http://dotnetvnc.sourceforge.net/ Here]
:'' this is a free DotNet version that require the DotNet framework available from microsoft [http://msdn.microsoft.com/netframework/ here]
:'' Remember that this is only one VNC client i've found searching in internet, search the one is more suitable for your interest

*Open the VNC client you have chosen, and insert the connection string formatted like this <LINUX BOX IP><:DESKTOP NUMBER>|<::PORT>
:'' In example use: 192.168.1.2:0 or 192.168.1.2::5900 to connect to desktop 0, to connect to desktop 1 use 192.168.1.2:1 or 192.168.1.2::5901 and so on

==== How to connect into remote Ubuntu desktop via OSX ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

:''e.g. Assumed that remote Ubuntu machine have configured Remote Desktop''
:'' Read [[#How to configure remote desktop (not secure)]]''
:'' Remote Ubuntu machine: 192.168.0.1''

*If you have a router remember to open the appropiate port the default one is 5900
:'' This process is called port forwarding [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_forwarding port forwarding]

*Download ChickenOfTheVNC: [http://sourceforge.net/projects/cotvnc/ Here]

*Open ChickenOfTheVNC, and insert the host (IP adress of remote machine), the display number (0 is default and is port 5900) and the password.
:'' In example use: Host: 192.168.0.1, Display 0, Password: password

== Windows ==

==== How to mount/unmount Windows partitions (NTFS) manually, and allow all users to read only ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to list partition tables]]

:''e.g. Assumed that /dev/hda1 is the location of Windows partition (NTFS)''
:'' Local mount folder: /media/windows''

*To mount Windows partition

sudo mkdir /media/windows
sudo mount /dev/hda1 /media/windows/ -t ntfs -o nls=utf8,umask=0222

*To unmount Windows partition

sudo umount /media/windows/

==== How to mount/unmount Windows partitions (FAT) manually, and allow all users to read/write ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to list partition tables]]

:''e.g. Assumed that /dev/hda1 is the location of Windows partition (FAT)''
:'' Local mount folder: /media/windows''

*To mount Windows partition

sudo mkdir /media/windows
sudo mount /dev/hda1 /media/windows/ -t vfat -o iocharset=utf8,umask=000

*To unmount Windows partition

sudo umount /media/windows/

==== How to mount Windows partitions (NTFS) on boot-up, and allow all users to read only ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to list partition tables]]

:''e.g. Assumed that /dev/hda1 is the location of Windows partition (NTFS)''
:'' Local mount folder: /media/windows''

sudo mkdir /media/windows
sudo cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/fstab

*Append the following line at the end of file

/dev/hda1 /media/windows ntfs nls=utf8,umask=0222 0 0

*Save the edited file
*Read [[#How to remount /etc/fstab without rebooting]]

==== How to mount Windows partitions (FAT) on boot-up, and allow all users to read/write ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to list partition tables]]

:''e.g. Assumed that /dev/hda1 is the location of Windows partition (FAT)''
:'' Local mount folder: /media/windows''

sudo mkdir /media/windows
sudo cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/fstab

*Append the following line at the end of file

/dev/hda1 /media/windows vfat iocharset=utf8,umask=000 0 0

*Save the edited file
*Read [[#How to remount /etc/fstab without rebooting]]

==== How to mount Windows partitions (NTFS) on boot-up, and allow users read and write access ====

Warning: Ntfs writing support is still experimental. You should not enable it on production machines and/or volumes you don't have backups of. Proceed at your own risk!

*Read [[#General Notes]]

sudo apt-get install libfuse2 fuse-utils

*Download the latest ntfsprogs package (these are from the Dapper repositories, so they are safe to install.)

[http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/l/linux-ntfs/libntfs8_1.12.1-1_i386.deb libntfs8]
[http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/l/linux-ntfs/ntfsprogs_1.12.1-1_i386.deb ntfsprogs]
[http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/f/fuse/libfuse2_2.4.2-0ubuntu3_i386.deb libfuse2]
[http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/f/fuse/fuse-utils_2.4.2-0ubuntu3_i386.deb fuse-utils]

*Install the downloaded packages

sudo dpkg -i libfuse2_*.deb fuse-utils_*.deb ntfsprogs_*.deb libntfs8_*.deb

*Add fuse to the list of modules to load

echo fuse | sudo tee -a /etc/modules

*Create a user group to access the ntfs disks

sudo addgroup ntfs

*The output should look something like this, remember the GID (the number printed after the group name) as it may differ and we will need it later:

:''Adding group `ntfs' (1002)...''
:''Done.''

*Read [[#How to list partition tables]]

*Create the local mount folder and edit the fstab file to mount the disks to this folder.

:''e.g. Assumed that /dev/hda1 is the location of Windows partition (NTFS)''
:'' Local mount folder: /media/windows''

sudo mkdir /media/windows
sudo cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab.bak
gksudo gedit /etc/fstab

*Append the following line at the end of file, using the GID number previously. The umask following this GID allows write access just to owner (root) and group (ntfs), and read access to everyone.

/dev/hda1 /media/windows ntfs-fuse auto,gid=1002,umask=0002 0 0

*Save the edited file.

*Add users to the ntfs group, where "username" is the name of the user you would like to have write access

sudo adduser username ntfs

*Fix Dapper [https://launchpad.net/distros/ubuntu/+source/linux-ntfs/+bug/29865 bug #29865] of the linux-ntfs package:

sudo rm /sbin/mount.ntfs-fuse && sudo ln /usr/bin/ntfsmount /sbin/mount.ntfs-fuse

*If you reboot now, the disk will be writable to the selected users when they logon. If you want the changes to take effect immediately without rebooting, execute the following command, ignoring the errors about "/" and others not being unmounted. You'll have to logout from all your user sessions for the new group to be acknowledged (usually a logout from your graphical session and login back again will do it).

sudo modprobe fuse && sudo umount -a && sudo mount -a

*Further troubleshooting is listed at this [http://www.ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=142481 comprehensive howto thread].

== Security ==

==== What are the basic things I need to know about securing my Ubuntu ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Ensure hard drive is first in BIOS boot-up sequence
**To prevent trespassers from using Linux Installation CD which allows them to gain root user access
**To prevent trespassers from using Linux Live CD (e.g. UBUNTU/KNOPPIX/MEPIS) which allows them to destroy/browse/share the entire hard drive
**To prevent trespassers from installing another Operating System
*Ensure a password is set for BIOS
**To prevent trespassers from changing the BIOS boot-up sequence
*Ensure computer is located at a secured place
**To prevent trespassers from removing computer's hard drive which allows them to destroy/browse/share the entire hard drive from a different computer
**To prevent trespassers from removing computer's on-board battery which resets the BIOS password
*Ensure passwords used on the system cannot be easily guessed
**To prevent trespassers from cracking password file using brute force attacks (e.g. John the Ripper)
**Create password with minimum length of 8 characters
**Create password with mixture of characters/numbers, and upper/lower case
**Not create a password with just a single or just a typical union of main languages (english, german, french, spanish...) dictionary words
*Ensure interactive editing control for GRUB menu is disabled
**To prevent trespassers from modifying kernel boot-up arguments which allows them to have root user access
**Read [[#How to disable all interactive editing control for GRUB menu]]
*Ensure history listing is disabled in Console mode
**To prevent trespassers from seeing previously issued commands
**Read [[#How to disable history listing in Console mode]]
*Ensure Ctrl+Alt+Del is disabled in Console mode
**To prevent trespassers from restarting the system without permission in Console mode
**Read [[#How to disable Ctrl+Alt+Del from restarting computer in Console mode]]
*Ensure interactive option is set for remove, copy and move of files/folders in Console mode
**To prevent accidental removal/overwritten of files/folders
**Read [[#How to enable prompt before removal/overwritten of files/folders in Console mode]]
*For day to day usage, login as a normal user
**To prevent accidental deletion/modification of system files/folders
**Read [[#How to add/edit/delete system users]]
*Disable root user account, use "sudo" instead
**To reduce the amount of time spent with root privileges, and thus the risk of inadvertently executing a command as root
**"sudo" provides a more useful audit trail (/var/log/auth.log)
**Read [[#How to disable root user account]]
*Install a Firewall
**A firewall does not guarantee security but it is in most environments the first line of defense against network based attacks
**Read [[#How to install Firewall (Firestarter)]]
*Perform vulnerability test
**Nessus is a great tool designed to automate the testing and discovery of known security problems
**Read [[#How to install Vulnerability Scanner (Nessus)]]

==== How to disable all interactive editing control for GRUB menu ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

*Run This:
grub-md5-crypt

Password:
Retype password:
$1$tumnZ1$xB/shuXs7MlawZXkLiBDV/

*Backup your current configuration file
sudo cp /boot/grub/menu.lst /boot/grub/menu.lst_backup
gksudo gedit /boot/grub/menu.lst

*Find this section

...
## password ['--md5'] passwd
# If used in the first section of a menu file, disable all interactive editing
# control (menu entry editor and command-line) and entries protected by the
# command 'lock'
# e.g. password topsecret
# password --md5 $1$tumnZ1$xB/shuXs7MlawZXkLiBDV/
# password topsecret
...

*Add the following line below it

password --md5 $1$tumnZ1$xB/shuXs7MlawZXkLiBDV/ (encrypted password above)

*Find the section(s) that look like this (note the 'recovery mode' and the word 'single'):

...
title Ubuntu, kernel 2.6.10-5-386 (recovery mode)
root (hd0,1)
kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.10-5-386 root=/dev/hda2 ro single
initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.10-5-386
savedefault
boot
...

*Add lock between the title and root lines:

...
title Ubuntu, kernel 2.6.10-5-386 (recovery mode)
lock
root (hd0,1)
...

*Save the edited file
This will make it so your grub console will require a password to edit the lines, and the recovery modes won't work unless the password is typed. To access the other grub options at the menu, follow the instructions at the bottom of the screen. It will be something like pressing '''p''' and typing your password.

==== How to disable history listing in Console mode ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*From [http://gentoo-wiki.com/SECURITY_Adjusting_The_Way_Bash_History_Funtions Gentoo Wiki]:
rm -f .bash_history
gedit ~/.bash_profile

*Add the following:
export HISTFILESIZE=4
unset HISTFILE=5

# Change this to a reasonable number of lines to save, I like to save only 100.
export HISTSIZE=1

# Ignores duplicate lines next to each other
export HISTCONTROL=ignoredups

This will disable Bash history for the user, retaining keystroke history and recall to use while limiting recall history to 100 lines. This will also not record duplicate lines next to each other.

==== How to disable Ctrl+Alt+Del from restarting computer in Console mode ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

sudo cp /etc/inittab /etc/inittab_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/inittab

*Find this line

...
ca:12345:ctrlaltdel:/sbin/shutdown -t1 -a -r now
...

*Replace with the following line

#ca:12345:ctrlaltdel:/sbin/shutdown -t1 -a -r now

*Save the edited file

sudo telinit q

==== How to enable prompt before removal/overwritten of files/folders in Console mode ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

sudo cp /etc/bash.bashrc /etc/bash.bashrc_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/bash.bashrc

*Append the following lines at the end of file

alias rm='rm -i'
alias cp='cp -i'
alias mv='mv -i'

*Save the edited file

==== How to setup a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lojack LoJack] system for your laptop ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]
*Read [[#How to assign Hostname to local machine with dynamic IP using free DynDNS service]]

'''What:''' Quote from Wikipedia: "LoJack is an aftermarket vehicle tracking system that allows cars to be tracked by police after being stolen. The manufacturer claims a 90% recovery rate. The name "LoJack" is a play on the word "hijack," meaning the theft of a vehicle through force."

'''Why:''' If your laptop is ever stolen and connected to the Internet. You will be able to find out from what IP it connects to the Internet from and contact the authorities.

'''How:'''

* Get a free dynamic IP account from one of the many providers. Here we will use [https://www.dyndns.com/ DynDNS].

* Install ddclient. In the section [[#How to assign Hostname to local machine with dynamic IP using free DynDNS service]] we installed the package ''ipcheck'', here we prefer to use ''ddclient'' because it can get the IP from an external source on the Internet instead of getting it from a network adapter.

sudo apt-get install ddclient

* Edit the configuration file ''/etc/ddclient.conf'' using you fevorite text editor (emacs, gedit, kedit or even vi)

sudo emacs /etc/ddclient.conf

* Make it look like this:

# Configuration file for ddclient generated by debconf
#
# /etc/ddclient.conf
pid=/var/run/ddclient.pid
protocol=dyndns2
use=web
server=members.dyndns.org
login=YourNameHere
password='YourPasswordHere'
YourHostNameHere.gotmyip.com

: NOTE:
: * Make sure that you use the ''web'' IP detection method.
: * Specify your own user id instead of the place holder ''YourNameHere''.
: * Specify your own password instead of the place holder ''YourPasswordHere'', make sure to surround it with single quotes.
: * The last line should specify the hostname you registered with the dynamic IP service.

* You can now start the ddclient daemon, or wait until your next reboot.

sudo /etc/init.d/ddclient start

* The hostname you registered with your dynamic IP service should be updated. You can test it with the ''ping'' command:

ping YourHostNameHere.gotmyip.com

: Even if your laptop has a firewall that prevents pings the hostname should resolve to the IP of the network gateway that your laptop is connected to.
: Now all that is left is for someone to steal your laptop.....

'''References:'''
* http://ddclient.sourceforge.net/index.php

== Boot menu ==

==== How to gain root user access without login ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Easiest method (will not work if GRUB menu password is set)
**Boot-up computer
**If GRUB menu is hidden, press 'Esc' to enter the GRUB menu
**Select

Ubuntu, kernel 2.6.10-5-386 (recovery mode)

**Press 'Enter' to boot
*Other methods
**Read [[#How to modify kernel boot-up arguments, to gain root user access]]
**Read [[#How to use Ubuntu Installation CD, to gain root user access]]

==== How to modify kernel boot-up arguments, to gain root user access ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Boot-up computer
*If GRUB menu is hidden, press 'Esc' to enter the GRUB menu
*If GRUB password is set, press 'p' to unlock the GRUB menu
*Select

Ubuntu, kernel 2.6.10-5-386

*Press 'e' to edit the commands before booting
*Select

kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.10-5-386 root=/dev/hda2 ro quiet splash

*Press 'e' to edit the selected command in the boot sequence
*Add "rw init=/bin/bash" to the end of the arguments

grub edit> kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.10-5-386 root=/dev/hda2 ro quiet splash rw init=/bin/bash

*Press 'b' to boot

==== How to use Ubuntu Installation CD, to gain root user access ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Boot-up computer into Ubuntu Installation CD
*At "boot:" prompt, add "rescue" to the argument

boot: rescue

*Follow the instructions on screen

==== How to change root user/main user password if forgotten ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to gain root user access without login]]
*To change root user password

# passwd root

*To change main user password

# passwd system_main_username

==== How to change GRUB menu password if forgotten ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

grub

grub> md5crypt
Password: ****** (ubuntu)
Encrypted: $1$ZWnke0$1fzDBVjUcT1Mpdd4u/T961 (encrypted password)
grub> quit

sudo cp /boot/grub/menu.lst /boot/grub/menu.lst_backup
gksudo gedit /boot/grub/menu.lst

*Find this line

...
password --md5 $1$gLhU0/$aW78kHK1QfV3P2b2znUoe/
...

*Replace with the following line

password --md5 $1$ZWnke0$1fzDBVjUcT1Mpdd4u/T961 (encrypted password above)

*Save the edited file

==== How to restore GRUB menu after Windows installation ====

*Use [http://adrian15.raulete.net/grub/tiki-index.php Super Grub Disk]
*More info on how to use it [http://users.bigpond.net.au/hermanzone/SuperGrubDiskPage.html here]

==== How to identify the name of the boot drive (hd0, hd1, hd2, etc) ====

Press "c" on boot menu. If you don't see a boot menu, press ESC key first when booting to show the boot menu.

Type:

root (hd0,0)

Most likely you will get "(hd0,0) ext2fs", which should be your current Linux drive. Now change hd0 to hd1 to see what is there.

root (hd1,0)

If you get "(hd1,0) filesystem type unknown, partition type 0x7", then hd1 is a Windows drive.

Now change hd1 to hd2, keep going until you reach hd7.

==== How to add Windows entry into GRUB menu ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to list partition tables]]

:''e.g. Assumed that /dev/hda1 is the location of Windows partition''

sudo cp /boot/grub/menu.lst /boot/grub/menu.lst_backup
gksudo gedit /boot/grub/menu.lst

*Append the following lines at the end of file

title Microsoft Windows
root (hd0,0)
savedefault
makeactive
chainloader +1

*Save the edited file

==== How to boot into Windows installed on a seperate SATA drive ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to identify the name of the boot drive (hd0, hd1, hd2, etc)]]

This configuration applies to people who have Linux installed on a IDE drive, and Windows installed on a seperate SATA. The IDE drive boots first, so we need to add an entry to the boot menu on the Linux disk. Here we assume the name of your Windows drive is hd1. If you are not sure, click the link above to find out.

sudo cp /boot/grub/menu.lst /boot/grub/menu.lst_backup
gksudo gedit /boot/grub/menu.lst

*Append the following lines at the end of file.

title Windows XP on SATA drive
map (hd0) (hd1)
map (hd1) (hd0)
chainloader (hd1,0)+1

*Save the edited file

==== How to read Linux partitions (ext2, ext3) in Windows machine ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Download Explore2fs: [http://easylinux.info/uploads/explore2fs-1.07.zip Here]
:OR
*See [http://www.fs-driver.org/index.html www.fs-driver.org]

== Tips & Tricks ==

==== Kaip perkrauti GNOME neperkraunant kompiuterio ====

*Skaitykite [[#Bendrosios pastabos]]
*Išsaugokite darbą ir uždarykite visas paleistas programas

Paspauskite 'Ctrl + Alt + Backspace'

:arba

sudo /etc/init.d/gdm restart

==== How to turn on Num Lock on GNOME startup ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install numlockx
sudo cp /etc/X11/gdm/Init/Default /etc/X11/gdm/Init/Default_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/X11/gdm/Init/Default

*Find this line

...
exit 0

*Add the following lines above it

if [ -x /usr/bin/numlockx ]; then
/usr/bin/numlockx on
fi

*Save the edited file
*Read [[#How to restart GNOME without rebooting computer]]

==== How to remap the Caps Lock key as another Control key ====
*Read [[#General Notes]]
gksudo gedit /etc/console-tools/remap

===== In the Console =====
*Change
#s/keycode 58 = Caps_Lock/keycode 58 = Control/;
to
s/keycode 58 = Caps_Lock/keycode 58 = Control/;

*Save your work

sudo /etc/init.d/console-screen.sh

*Try using it

===== In X Windows =====
gksudo gedit ~/.Xmodmap

*Add this:
keycode 66 = Control_L
clear Lock
add Control = Control_L

*Now, apply the changes.
xmodmap ~/.Xmodmap

*To apply them on startup:
gedit ~/.xinitrc

*Make the first line this:
xmodmap ~/.Xmodmap

*Restart X (Ctrl - Alt - Backspace)
*Log In, a dialog should pop up, add .Xmodmap to the left side with the add button, and Save.

==== How to run programs on startup when login into GNOME ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*System -> Preferences -> Sessions
*Sessions

Startup Programs Tab -> Add/Edit/Delete

==== How to speed-up your Ubuntu box ====

*Read the following post: http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=189192

==== How to switch to Console mode in GNOME ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*To switch to Console mode

Press 'Ctrl + Alt + F1' (F2 - F6)

*To switch between consles in Console mode

Press 'Alt + F1' (F2 - F6)

*To switch back to GNOME mode

Press 'Alt + F7'

==== How to disable Ctrl+Alt+Backspace from restarting X in GNOME ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

sudo cp /etc/X11/xorg.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/X11/xorg.conf

*Append the following lines at the end of file

Section "ServerFlags"
Option "DontZap" "yes"
EndSection

*Save the edited file
*Read [[#How to restart GNOME without rebooting computer]]

==== How to enable Ctrl+Alt+Del to open System Monitor in GNOME ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

gconftool-2 -t str --set /apps/metacity/global_keybindings/run_command_9 "<Control><Alt>Delete"
gconftool-2 -t str --set /apps/metacity/keybinding_commands/command_9 "gnome-system-monitor"

==== Kaip atnaujinti GNOME darbalaukį ====

*Skaitykite [[#Bendrosios pastabos]]

killall nautilus

==== Kaip atnaujinti GNOME skydelį (GNOME panel) ====

*Skaitykite [[#Bendrosios pastabos]]

killall gnome-panel

==== How to enable autosave in Gedit and disable creation of some_file~ files ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Applications -> System Tools -> Configuration Editor
*Configuration Editor

/ -> apps -> gedit-2 -> preferences -> editor -> save -> create_backup_copy ('''Unchecked''')
/ -> apps -> gedit-2 -> preferences -> editor -> save -> auto_save ('''Checked''')

==== How to show all hidden files/folders in Nautilus ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Places -> Home Folder
*To temporary show all hidden files/folders in Nautilus

Press 'Ctrl + H'

*To permanently show all hidden files/folders in Nautilus

Edit Menu -> Preferences

Views Tab -> Default View -> Show hidden and backup files ('''Checked''')

==== How to browse files/folders as root user in Nautilus ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*To install File Browser (Root)

gksudo gedit /usr/share/applications/Nautilus-root.desktop

**Insert the following lines into the new file

[Desktop Entry]
Name=File Browser (Root)
Comment=Browse the filesystem with the file manager
Exec=gksudo "nautilus --browser %U"
Icon=file-manager
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;System;

**Save the edited file
**Read [[#How to refresh GNOME panel]]

*To browse files/folders as root user in Nautilus
**Applications -> System Tools -> File Browser (Root)

==== How to change default file type "Open with" program ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

Right click on file -> '''Properties'''

Open With Tab -> Add
Select "Open with" program

Select "Open with" program ('''Checked''')

==== How to change preferred email client to Mozilla Thunderbird ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to install Email Client (Mozilla Thunderbird)]]
*System -> Preferences -> Preferred Applications
*Preferred Applications

Mail Reader Tab -> Default Mail Reader -> Command: mozilla-thunderbird %s

==== How to open files as root user via right click ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

gedit $HOME/.gnome2/nautilus-scripts/Open\ as\ root

*Insert the following lines into the new file

for uri in $NAUTILUS_SCRIPT_SELECTED_URIS; do
gksudo "gnome-open $uri" &
done

*Save the edited file

chmod +x $HOME/.gnome2/nautilus-scripts/Open\ as\ root

Right click on file -> Scripts -> Open as root

==== How to disable beep sound in Terminal mode ====
Not for Dapper---- firingstone
*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Applications -> Accessories -> Terminal
*Terminal

Edit Menu -> Current Profile...

General Tab -> General -> Terminal bell (Un-Checked)

==== How to handle mss protocol in Mozilla Firefox ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to install VLC Multimedia Player with plug-in for Mozilla Firefox]]
 
* Open your firefox.
* Type as url: about:config
Now just right click somewhere into the main window. A little box with options to choose will appear. Choose '''"new"''', then '''"string"'''. Then copy the following line into the appearing text field:

network.protocol-handler.app.mms

Into the next text field copy this:

/usr/bin/X11/vlc

Now you do the same thing again, but this time you do not choose "string" but '''"boolean"''', and the line to copy is:

network.protocol-handler.external.mms

Then set

true

==== How to handle rtsp (realmedia) protocol in Mozilla Firefox ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to install Multimedia Player (RealPlayer 10)]]
 
* Open your firefox.
* Type as url: about:config
Now just right click somewhere into the main window. A little box with options to choose will appear. Choose '''"new"''', then '''"string"'''. Then copy the following line into the appearing text field:

network.protocol-handler.app.rtsp

Into the next text field copy this:

/usr/bin/X11/realplay

Now you do the same thing again, but this time you do not choose "string" but '''"boolean"''', and the line to copy is:

network.protocol-handler.external.rtsp

Then set

true

==== How to load Web site faster in Mozilla Firefox ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Applications -> Internet -> Firefox Web Browser
*Mozilla Firefox

Address Bar -> about:config

Filter: ->
network.dns.disableIPv6 -> true
network.http.pipelining -> true
network.http.pipelining.maxrequests -> 8
network.http.proxy.pipelining -> true

*Restart Mozilla Firefox

==== How to disable beep sound for link find function in Mozilla Firefox ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Applications -> Internet -> Firefox Web Browser
*Mozilla Firefox

Address Bar -> about:config

Filter: -> accessibility.typeaheadfind.enablesound -> false

*Restart Mozilla Firefox

==== How to apt-get the easy way (Synaptic) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*System -> Administration -> Synaptic Package Manager
*To enable the extra Universe and Multiverse repositories
*#Settings -> Repositories
*#In the Installation Media tab, click Add. There are three separate repositories; Dapper Drake, Security Updates and Updates. Select each repository and check Officially supported, Restricted copyright, Community maintained (Universe) and Non-free (Multiverse). Ensure you click OK between each repository to save your changes
*#You should now see those three repositories under Channels. Make sure Officially supported, Restricted copyright, Community maintained (Universe) and Non-free (Multiverse) appears under each repository

*To add backports and PLF (new versions of many applications. Unsupported. May contain illegal packages. Use at own risk.)
*#Settings -> Repositories
*#Click on Add and then Custom
*#Paste the following four lines into the box and click Add Repository, one line at a time:

deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper-backports main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://packages.freecontrib.org/ubuntu/plf dapper free non-free
deb-src http://packages.freecontrib.org/ubuntu/plf dapper free non-free

deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu dapper-commercial main

*To refresh the list of known packages (equivalent to apt-get update)

Edit Menu -> Reload Package Information

*To install all possible upgrades (equivalent to apt-get upgrade)

Edit Menu -> Mark All Upgrades... -> Default Upgrade
Edit Menu -> Apply Marked Changes

*To search for a package (equivalent to apt-cache search package_name)

Edit Menu -> Search... Specify the package name

*To install the selected package (equivalent to apt-get install package_name)

Select "package_name"
Package Menu -> Mark for Installation
Edit Menu -> Apply Marked Changes

*To remove installed package (equivalent to apt-get remove package_name)

Select "package_name"
Package Menu -> Mark for Removal
Edit Menu -> Apply Marked Changes

==== What packages do the extra repositories provide ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to apt-get the easy way (Synaptic)]]

* The [http://packages.freecontrib.org/ubuntu/plf/ PLF repository] provides
*# DVD playback support (libdvdcss2)
*# Skype
*# Sun Java SDK (Software Development Kit) and JRE (Java Runtime Environment)
*# Opera Web browser
*# RealPlayer 10
*# Win32 binary multimedia codecs

==== How to install/uninstall .deb files ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*To install .deb file

sudo dpkg -i package_file.deb

*To uninstall .deb file

sudo dpkg -r package_name

==== How to convert .rpm files to .deb files ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

sudo alien package_file.rpm

==== How to compile .deb files from source ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]

sudo apt-get install checkinstall

*Now when you compile something from source after you have run ''./configure'' and ''make'' you can make a .deb file and install it with ''checkinstall''. For more info go to [http://asic-linux.com.mx/~izto/checkinstall/index.php CheclInstall home page]

==== How to rename all files in directory at once ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*To install "mvb" file name renamer

wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/mvb_1.6.tgz
sudo tar zxvf mvb_1.6.tgz -C /usr/share/
sudo chown -R root:root /usr/share/mvb_1.6/
sudo ln -fs /usr/share/mvb_1.6/mvb /usr/bin/mvb

*To rename all files in directory at once

mvb NEW_NAME

==== How to manipulate all image files in directory at once ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*To install bash batch image processing script
**Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install imagemagick
wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/bbips.0.3.2.sh
sudo cp bbips.0.3.2.sh /usr/bin/bbips
sudo chmod 755 /usr/bin/bbips

*To manipulate all image files in directory at once

bbips

==== How to set System-wide Environment Variables ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

sudo cp -p /etc/profile /etc/profile_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/profile

*Append the System-wide Environment Variables at the end of file
*Save the edited file

==== How to save "man" outputs into files ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

man command | col -b > file.txt

==== How to hide GRUB menu on boot-up ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

sudo cp /boot/grub/menu.lst /boot/grub/menu.lst_backup
gksudo gedit /boot/grub/menu.lst

*Find this line

...
#hiddenmenu
...

*Replace with the following line

hiddenmenu

*Save the edited file

==== How to change the timeout seconds for GRUB menu on boot-up ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

sudo cp /boot/grub/menu.lst /boot/grub/menu.lst_backup
gksudo gedit /boot/grub/menu.lst

*Find this line

...
timeout 3
...

*Replace with the following line

timeout X_seconds

*Save the edited file

==== How to change default Operating System boot-up for GRUB menu ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

sudo cp /boot/grub/menu.lst /boot/grub/menu.lst_backup
gksudo gedit /boot/grub/menu.lst

*Find this line

...
default 0
...

*Replace with the following line

default X_sequence

*Save the edited file

==== How to display Splash Image for GRUB menu on boot-up ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

:''e.g. Assumed that hd0,1 is the location of Ubuntu boot partition''

wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/ubuntu.xpm.gz
chmod 644 ubuntu.xpm.gz
sudo mkdir /boot/grub/images
sudo cp ubuntu.xpm.gz /boot/grub/images/
sudo cp /boot/grub/menu.lst /boot/grub/menu.lst_backup
gksudo gedit /boot/grub/menu.lst

*Find this section

# menu.lst - See: grub(8), info grub, update-grub(8)
# grub-install(8), grub-floppy(8),
# grub-md5-crypt, /usr/share/doc/grub
# and /usr/share/doc/grub-doc/.
...

*Add the following line below it

splashimage (hd0,1)/boot/grub/images/ubuntu.xpm.gz

*Save the edited file

==== How to convert Wallpaper to Splash Image for GRUB menu ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

:''e.g. Assumed that wallpaper.png is the Wallpaper to be converted to Splash Image''
:'' splashimage.xpm.gz is the Splash Image for GRUB menu''

convert -resize 640x480 -colors 14 wallpaper.png splashimage.xpm && gzip splashimage.xpm

*Read [[#How to display Splash Image for GRUB menu on boot-up]] (use splashimage.xpm.gz instead of ubuntu.xpm.gz)

==== How to display only one kernel on GRUB menu ====

* Read [[#General Notes]]

sudo cp /boot/grub/menu.lst /boot/grub/menu.lst_backup-`date +%F`
gksudo gedit /boot/grub/menu.lst

* Find this line
...
# howmany=all
...

* Replace with the following line

# howmany=1

Where 1 means to keep the last kernel, 2 to keep the last 2 kernels,
etc. Do not delete the # symbol. The menu will be updated once a new
kernel will be updated by the system, not before.

* Save the edited file

==== Kaip laikinai praleisti boot-up servisus ====

*Skaitykite [[#Bendrosios pastabos]]

Paspauskite 'Ctrl + C'

==== Kaip įjungti/išjungti krovimosi (boot-up) servisus visam laikui ====

*Skaitykite [[#Bendrosios pastabos]]
*Skaitykite [[#Kaip įdiegti krovimosi (Boot-Up) tvarkymo programą (BUM)]]

==== How to clean /tmp/ folder contents on shutdown ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

sudo cp /etc/init.d/sysklogd /etc/init.d/sysklogd_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/init.d/sysklogd

*Find this section

...
stop)
log_begin_msg "Stopping system log daemon..."
start-stop-daemon --stop --quiet --oknodo --exec $binpath --pidfile $pidfile
log_end_msg $?
...

*Add the following line below it

rm -fr /tmp/* /tmp/.??*

*Save the edited file

==== How to scroll up and down to view previous outputs in Console mode ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*To scroll up to view previously outputs

Press 'Shift + Page Up'

*To scroll down to view previously outputs

Press 'Shift + Page Down'

==== How to find out which version of Ubuntu I am using ====

cat /etc/issue

==== How to set up automatic background change (GNOME) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

mkdir ~/.backgrounds
cd ~/.backgrounds
wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/change_background.py
chmod +x change_background.py

*To change desktop background every time you reboot your computer
export EDITOR=gedit && crontab -e

*Add the following line at the end of file
@reboot ~/.backgrounds/change_background.py

:For more information about periodic processes see
man 5 crontab

* ~/.backgrounds is hidden directory, see [[#How to show all hidden files/folders in Nautilus]]
*Copy images you wish to see on your background to ~/.backgrounds directory

==== How to set up automatic background change (KDE) ====
*Read [[#General Notes]]

*Go to K-menu -> System Settings -> Desktop -> Background
*Choose Slide Show
*Press Setup...
*Press Add... to add pictures you wish to see as desktop background
*Set 'Change picture after' to desired picture rotation interval.
*Press 'OK'

==== How to add keyboard layouts for other languages ====
*Read [[#General Notes]]

*Go to System -> Preferences -> Keyboard
*Choose Layouts
*Press Add... to add the secondary keyboard layout. It is simpler to have two layouts; the maximum is currently four for Xorg.
*Choose Layout Options
*Expand option Group Shift/Lock behaviour
*Choose the key combination that enables you to switch between keyboard layouts. The default is by pressing both Alt keys at the same time. A common alternative is to use Alt+Shift.
*Press Close.

See [[#How to add the Keyboard (Layout) Indicator applet]] to add the Keyboard Indicator applet.

==== How to add keyboard layouts toggle for other languages (Xfce) ====
*use <tt>*.lst</tt> files on <tt>/etc/X11/xkb/rules</tt> to select ''2nd_laguage_code''

setxkbmap -option grp:switch,grp:alt_shift,grp_led:scroll us,''2nd_laguage_code''

*you can add it to a startup file, which will be set to be executed on startup, with the following lines (remember to 'chmod +x' the file):

#!/bin/tcsh
setxkbmap -option grp:switch,grp:alt_shift,grp_led:scroll us,il

==== How to add the Keyboard (Layout) Indicator applet ====
*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add keyboard layouts for other languages]]

*Right-click on empty space on the top panel so that you see the pop-up menu.
*Click Add to Panel...
*Choose Keyboard Indicator (it is under the Utilities section, at the end)

The Keyboard Indicator applet appears on the panel. The default language should be USA for U.S. English. You can either right-click on this applet for more options or see above on how to configure.

==== How to type extended characters ====
*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add keyboard layouts for other languages]]
*Read [[#How to add the Keyboard (Layout) Indicator applet]]

*Add the keyboard layout US English International (with dead keys)
*Make US English International (with dead keys) the default keyboard layout.

The key marked ['"] is now a dead key. When you press it, nothing happens. However if you press a consonant immediately afterwards, the consonant appears with an accent.
* ' + a = á
* ' + e = é
* and so on for i-í, o-ó, y-ý, c-ć, z-ź, n-ń, l-ĺ, u-ú, r-ŕ

* " + a = ä
* " + e = ë
* and so on for y-ÿ, u-ü, i-ï, o-ö

Similarly, ` and a consonant generates à, è, ù, ì, ò.
Similarly, ~ and a consonant generates ã, ũ, ĩ, õ, ñ.

To type ' and ", press RightAlt+' and RightAlt+" respectively.
To type ' and ", you may also press '+<space> and "+<space> respectively.

There are more characters available by keeping RightAlt pressed and typing a character. Therefore,
* RightAlt+q = ä
* RightAlt+w = å
* RightAlt+e = é
* RightAlt+r = ®
* RightAlt+t = þ
* RightAlt+y = ü
* RightAlt+u = ú
* RightAlt+i = í
* RightAlt+o = ó
* RightAlt+p = ö
* RightAlt+[ and ] for « and » respectively.
* RightAlt+a = á
* RightAlt+s = ß
* RightAlt+d = ð
* RightAlt+l = ø
* RightAlt+; = ¶
* RightAlt+: = °
* RightAlt+z = æ
* RightAlt+c = ©
* RightAlt+n = ñ
* RightAlt+m = µ
* RightAlt+, = ç
* RightAlt+/ = ¿

* RightAlt+1 = ¡
* RightAlt+2 = ²
* RightAlt+3 = ³
* RightAlt+4 = ¤
* RightAlt+5 = €
* RightAlt+6 = ¼
* RightAlt+7 = ½
* RightAlt+8 = ¾
* RightAlt+9 = ‘
* RightAlt+0 = ’
* RightAlt+- = ¥
* RightAlt+= = ×

* RightAlt+! = ¹
* RightAlt+@, then o = ő (and Ő).
* RightAlt+#, then a = ā (and Ā). Similarly for ēĒ, ūŪ, īĪ, ōŌ.
* RightAlt+$ = £
* RightAlt+% =
* RightAlt+^ =
* RightAlt+& =
* RightAlt+*, then a = ą (and Ą). Similarly for ęĘ, įĮ.
* RightAlt+(, then a = ă (and Ă)
* RightAlt+(, then g = ğ (and Ğ)
* RightAlt+), then a = å (and Å)
* RightAlt+_ =
* RightAlt++ = ÷

==== How to set the Compose key to type special characters ====
*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add keyboard layouts for other languages]]
*Read [[#How to add the Keyboard (Layout) Indicator applet]]

*Click '''System''', '''Preferences''', '''Keyboard'''.
*Under '''Layout Options''', expand on '''Compose key position'''.
*Choose '''Right-Win key is compose''', click Close.

Now you can type extended characters using the RightWin key (next to AltGr), according to [http://cvs.gnome.org/viewcvs/gtk%2B/gtk/gtkimcontextsimple.c?view=markup this keyboard settings file].
Specifically, the lines that start with ''GDK_Multi_key'' are those that we can use here. The '''Compose''' key is actually '''GDK_Multi_key'''.

Some examples,
*RightWin + C + = produces €
*RightWin + = + C produces €
*RightWin + C + O produces ©
*RightWin + O + C produces ©
*RightWin + a + ' produces á
*RightWin + a + " produces ä
*RightWin + a + ` produces à
*RightWin + a + ~ produces ã
*RightWin + a + * produces å
*RightWin + a + ^ produces â
*RightWin + a + > produces â
*RightWin + a + , produces ą
*RightWin + e + - produces ē
*RightWin + S + 1 produces ¹
*RightWin + S + 2 produces ²
*RightWin + S + 3 produces ³

==== How to install ubuntu-title font used in Ubuntu logo ====
*Read [[#General Notes]]
sudo apt-get install ttf-ubuntu-title
Now you can use this font in your favorite applications

== Servers ==

=== AntiVirus Server ===

==== How to install ClamAV AntiVirus Server ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install clamav

==== How to manually update virus databases ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to install ClamAV AntiVirus Server]]

sudo freshclam

==== How to manually scan files/folders for viruses ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to install ClamAV AntiVirus Server]]

sudo clamscan -r /location_of_files_or_folders

==== How to automatically scan files/folders for viruses ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to install ClamAV AntiVirus Server]]

:''e.g. Automatically scan files/folders for viruses at midnight everyday''
:'' * * * * * means minute hour date month year''

export EDITOR=gedit && sudo crontab -e

*Append the following line at the end of file

00 00 * * * sudo clamscan -r /location_of_files_or_folders

*Save the edited file

=== Print Server (cupsd)===
*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

==== How to install cupsd ====

:''Cupsd should be automatically installed during standard instaltion. Checkout if there is a file "/etc/init.d/cupsys". If you want to manually install it, do''

sudo apt-get install cupsys*

==== Kaip pridėti spausdintuvą ====

*Eikite System -> Administration -> Printing.
*Pasirinkite "Add printer".

Pasirodis "Add printer wizard" vedlys ir nurodis ką daryti.

==== How to print on remote Ubuntu machine from another Ubuntu machine ====

*Make sure your local printer is well configured.

*Server ip address: 192.168.0.1
*Client ip address: 192.168.0.23

**Server configuration

sudo cp /etc/cups/cupsd.conf /etc/cups/cupsd.conf.backup
gksudo gedit /etc/cups/cupsd.conf

:''find the block''

<Location />
...
Allow localhost
...
</Location>

:'' and add the following line into it.''

Allow 192.168.0.23

:''Restart cups.''
sudo /etc/init.d/cupsys restart

**Client configuration

sudo cp /etc/cups/client.conf /etc/cups/client.conf.backup
gksudo gedit /etc/cups/client.conf

:''And add the following line into it.''

ServerName 192.168.0.1

:''Restart cups.''
sudo /etc/init.d/cupsys restart

:''Now try "lpq" and you should see something like''

vitek@lightfox:~$ lpq
HPLJ6P is ready
no entries

==== How to print on remote Ubuntu machine from a Windows machine ====
*Read [[#How to install Samba Server for files/folders sharing service ]]
*Read [[#How to print on remote Ubuntu machine via samba]]

=== Samba Server ===

==== Kaip įdiegti Samba Server bylų/katalogų dalijimosi paslaugą ====

*Skaitykite [[#Bendrosios pastabos]]
*Skaitykite [[#Kaip pridėti naujas failų saugyklas]]

sudo apt-get install samba smbfs

==== How to add/edit/delete network users ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to install Samba Server for files/folders sharing service]]
*To add network user
**Read [[#How to add/edit/delete system users]]

sudo smbpasswd -a system_username
gksudo gedit /etc/samba/smbusers

**Insert the following line into the new file

system_username = "network username"

**Save the edited file
*To edit network user

sudo smbpasswd -a system_username

*To delete network user

sudo smbpasswd -x system_username

==== How to share home folders with read only permission (Authentication=Yes) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to install Samba Server for files/folders sharing service]]

sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf

*Find this line

...
; security = user
...

*Replace with the following lines

security = user
username map = /etc/samba/smbusers

*Save the edited file
*Read [[#How to add/edit/delete network users]]

sudo testparm
sudo /etc/init.d/samba restart

==== How to share home folders with read/write permissions (Authentication=Yes) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to install Samba Server for files/folders sharing service]]

sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf

*Find this line

...
; security = user
...

*Replace with the following lines

security = user
username map = /etc/samba/smbusers

*Find this section

...
# By default, the home directories are exported read-only. Change next
# parameter to 'yes' if you want to be able to write to them.
writable = no
...

*Replace with the following lines

# By default, the home directories are exported read-only. Change next
# parameter to 'yes' if you want to be able to write to them.
writable = yes

*Save the edited file
*Read [[#How to add/edit/delete network users]]

sudo testparm
sudo /etc/init.d/samba restart

==== How to share group folders with read only permission (Authentication=Yes) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to install Samba Server for files/folders sharing service]]

sudo mkdir /home/group
sudo chmod 777 /home/group/
sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf

*Find this line

...
; security = user
...

*Replace with the following lines

security = user
username map = /etc/samba/smbusers

*Append the following lines at the end of file

[Group]
comment = Group Folder
path = /home/group
public = yes
writable = no
valid users = system_username1 system_username2
create mask = 0700
directory mask = 0700
force user = nobody
force group = nogroup

*Save the edited file
*Read [[#How to add/edit/delete network users]]

sudo testparm
sudo /etc/init.d/samba restart

==== How to share group folders with read/write permissions (Authentication=Yes) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to install Samba Server for files/folders sharing service]]

sudo mkdir /home/group
sudo chmod 777 /home/group/
sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf

*Find this line

...
; security = user
...

*Replace with the following lines

security = user
username map = /etc/samba/smbusers

*Append the following lines at the end of file

[Group]
comment = Group Folder
path = /home/group
public = yes
writable = yes
valid users = system_username1 system_username2
create mask = 0700
directory mask = 0700
force user = nobody
force group = nogroup

*Save the edited file
*Read [[#How to add/edit/delete network users]]

sudo testparm
sudo /etc/init.d/samba restart

==== How to share public folders with read only permission (Authentication=Yes) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to install Samba Server for files/folders sharing service]]

sudo mkdir /home/public
sudo chmod 777 /home/public/
sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf

*Find this line

...
; security = user
...

*Replace with the following lines

security = user
username map = /etc/samba/smbusers

*Append the following lines at the end of file

[public]
comment = Public Folder
path = /home/public
public = yes
writable = no
create mask = 0777
directory mask = 0777
force user = nobody
force group = nogroup

*Save the edited file
*Read [[#How to add/edit/delete network users]]

sudo testparm
sudo /etc/init.d/samba restart

==== How to share public folders with read/write permissions (Authentication=Yes) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to install Samba Server for files/folders sharing service]]

sudo mkdir /home/public
sudo chmod 777 /home/public/
sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf

*Find this line

...
; security = user
...

*Replace with the following lines

security = user
username map = /etc/samba/smbusers

*Append the following lines at the end of file

[public]
comment = Public Folder
path = /home/public
public = yes
writable = yes
create mask = 0777
directory mask = 0777
force user = nobody
force group = nogroup

*Save the edited file
*Read [[#How to add/edit/delete network users]]

sudo testparm
sudo /etc/init.d/samba restart

==== How to share public folders with read only permission (Authentication=No) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to install Samba Server for files/folders sharing service]]

sudo mkdir /home/public
sudo chmod 777 /home/public/
sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf

*Find this line

...
; security = user
...

*Replace with the following line

security = share

*Append the following lines at the end of file

[public]
comment = Public Folder
path = /home/public
public = yes
writable = no
create mask = 0777
directory mask = 0777
force user = nobody
force group = nogroup

*Save the edited file

sudo testparm
sudo /etc/init.d/samba restart

==== How to share public folders with read/write permissions (Authentication=No) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to install Samba Server for files/folders sharing service]]

sudo mkdir /home/public
sudo chmod 777 /home/public/
sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf

*Find this line

...
; security = user
...

*Replace with the following line

security = share

*Append the following lines at the end of file

[public]
comment = Public Folder
path = /home/public
public = yes
writable = yes
create mask = 0777
directory mask = 0777
force user = nobody
force group = nogroup

*Save the edited file

sudo testparm
sudo /etc/init.d/samba restart

==== How to print on remote Ubuntu machine via samba ====
*Read [[#Print Server (cupsd)]]
*Make sure your Ubuntu printers are configured properly.

sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf.backup
gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf

:''Find the following lines''

...
# printing = cups
# printcap name = cups
...

:'' and uncomment them.''
printing = cups
printcap name = cups

:''Restart cups server''
sudo /etc/init.d/cupsys restart

:'' Now printers working on your Ubuntu machine should be acessible via samba.''

=== SSH Server ===

==== How to install SSH Server for remote administration service ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install ssh

==== How to SSH into remote Ubuntu machine ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

:''e.g. Assumed that remote Ubuntu machine have installed SSH Server service''
:'' Read [[#How to install SSH Server for remote administration service]]''
:'' Remote Ubuntu machine: 192.168.0.1''

ssh username@192.168.0.1

==== How to copy files/folders from remote Ubuntu machine into local machine (scp) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

:''e.g. Assumed that remote Ubuntu machine have installed SSH Server service''
:'' Read [[#How to install SSH Server for remote administration service]]''
:'' Remote Ubuntu machine: 192.168.0.1''
:'' Remote files/folders location: /home/username/remotefile.txt''
:'' Local machine save location: . (current directory)''

scp -r username@192.168.0.1:/home/username/remotefile.txt .

==== How to copy files/folders from local machine into remote Ubuntu machine (scp) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

:''e.g. Assumed that remote Ubuntu machine have installed SSH Server service''
:'' Read [[#How to install SSH Server for remote administration service]]''
:'' Local files/folders location: localfile.txt''
:'' Remote Ubuntu machine: 192.168.0.1''
:'' Remote Ubuntu machine save location: /home/username/''

scp -r localfile.txt username@192.168.0.1:/home/username/

==== How to copy files/folders from remote Ubuntu machine into local machine (rsync) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

:''e.g. Assumed that remote Ubuntu machine have installed SSH Server service''
:'' Read [[#How to install SSH Server for remote administration service]]''
:'' Remote Ubuntu machine: 192.168.0.1''
:'' Remote files/folders location: /home/username/remotefile.txt''
:'' Local machine save location: . (current directory)''

rsync -v -u -a --delete --rsh=ssh --stats username@192.168.0.1:/home/username/remotefile.txt .

==== How to copy files/folders from local machine into remote Ubuntu machine (rsync) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

:''e.g. Assumed that remote Ubuntu machine have installed SSH Server service''
:'' Read [[#How to install SSH Server for remote administration service]]''
:'' Local files/folders location: localfile.txt''
:'' Remote Ubuntu machine: 192.168.0.1''
:'' Remote Ubuntu machine save location: /home/username/''

rsync -v -u -a --delete --rsh=ssh --stats localfile.txt username@192.168.0.1:/home/username/

==== How to mount remote folders into local Ubuntu machine (sshfs) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

:''e.g. Assumed that remote machine has installed SSH Server service''
:'' Read [[#How to install SSH Server for remote administration service]]''
:'' Remote machine: 192.168.0.1''
:'' Remote machine folder location: /media/music''

*Install sshfs

sudo apt-get install sshfs

*Load kernel driver for sshfs

sudo modprobe fuse

*For permanent use add 'fuse' at the end of /etc/modules

gksudo gedit /etc/modules

*Join the 'fuse' user group

sudo adduser your_user_name fuse

*Logout and login for this to take effect.

*Create local mountpoint in your home directory

mkdir ~/remote_music

*Mount the remote folder into ~/remote_music

sshfs 192.168.0.1:/media/music ~/remote_music

==== How to SSH into remote Ubuntu machine via Windows machine ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

:''e.g. Assumed that remote Ubuntu machine have installed SSH Server service''
:'' Read [[#How to install SSH Server for remote administration service]]''

*Download PuTTY: [http://the.earth.li/~sgtatham/putty/latest/x86/putty.exe Here]

==== How to copy files/folders from/into remote Ubuntu machine via Windows machine ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

:''e.g. Assumed that remote Ubuntu machine have installed SSH Server service''
:'' Read [[#How to install SSH Server for remote administration service]]''

*Download FileZilla: [http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/filezilla/FileZilla_2_2_18_setup.exe?download Here]

==== How to limit the user accounts that can connect through ssh remotely ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

:''e.g. If you enable the SSH server, then any user with a valid account can connect remotely''
:'' This can lead to security risks, as there exist remote password cracking tools that''
:'' try common username/password pairs. ''

*Keep a backup of the ssh server configuration file with
''sudo cp /etc/ssh/sshd_config /etc/ssh/sshd_config.ORIGINAL''
*Edit the configuration file
''gksudo gedit /etc/ssh/sshd_config''
*Change the parameter ''PermitRootLogin'' from ''yes'' to ''no''. The superuser must not be able to connect directly from remote.
*Add the parameter ''AllowUsers'' and specify the usernames (space separated) that can connect remotely.
*You can also use ''DenyUsers'' for fine-grained selection of users.
*If you enable the openssh server and you have no intention for now to enable remote connections, you may add ''AllowUsers nosuchuserhere'' to disable anyone connecting.

=== DHCP Server ===

==== How to install DHCP Server for automatic IP addresses assignment ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

:''e.g. Assumed that "eth0" is the interface for network card''
:'' IP Address Range: 192.168.0.100 to 192.168.0.200''
:'' Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0''
:'' DNS Servers: 202.188.0.133, 202.188.1.5''
:'' Domains: tm.net.my''
:'' Gateway Address: 192.168.0.1''

sudo apt-get install dhcp3-server
sudo cp /etc/default/dhcp3-server /etc/default/dhcp3-server_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/default/dhcp3-server

*Find this line

...
INTERFACES=""

*Replace with the following line

INTERFACES="eth0"

*Save the edited file

sudo cp /etc/dhcp3/dhcpd.conf /etc/dhcp3/dhcpd.conf_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/dhcp3/dhcpd.conf

*Find this section

...
# option definitions common to all supported networks...
option domain-name "example.org";
option domain-name-servers ns1.example.org, ns2.example.org;

default-lease-time 600;
max-lease-time 7200;
...

*Replace with the following lines

# option definitions common to all supported networks...
#option domain-name "example.org";
#option domain-name-servers ns1.example.org, ns2.example.org;

#default-lease-time 600;
#max-lease-time 7200;

*Find this section

...
# A slightly different configuration for an internal subnet.
#subnet 10.5.5.0 netmask 255.255.255.224 {
# range 10.5.5.26 10.5.5.30;
# option domain-name-servers ns1.internal.example.org;
# option domain-name "internal.example.org";
# option routers 10.5.5.1;
# option broadcast-address 10.5.5.31;
# default-lease-time 600;
# max-lease-time 7200;
#}
...

*Replace with the following lines

# A slightly different configuration for an internal subnet.
subnet 192.168.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
range 192.168.0.100 192.168.0.200;
option domain-name-servers 202.188.0.133, 202.188.1.5;
option domain-name "tm.net.my";
option routers 192.168.0.1;
option broadcast-address 192.168.0.255;
default-lease-time 600;
max-lease-time 7200;
}

*Save the edited file

sudo /etc/init.d/dhcp3-server restart

=== Database Server ===

==== How to install MYSQL Database Server ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install mysql-server

*MySQL initially only allows connections from the localhost (127.0.0.1). We'll need to remove that restriction if you wish to make it accessible to everyone on the internet. Open the file /etc/mysql/my.cnf

gksudo gedit /etc/mysql/my.cnf

*Find the line ''bind-address = 127.0.0.1'' and comment it out

...
#bind-address = 127.0.0.1
...

*MySQL comes with no root password as default. This is a huge security risk. You'll need to set one. So that the local computer gets root access as well, you'll need to set a password for that too. The local-machine-name is the name of the computer you're working on. For more information see [http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/default-privileges.html here]

mysqladmin -u root password your-new-password
mysqladmin -h root@local-machine-name -u root password your-new-password
sudo /etc/init.d/mysql restart

==== How to install MYSQL Administrator ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]
*Read [[#How to install MYSQL Database Server]]

sudo apt-get install mysql-admin

*Read [[#How to refresh GNOME panel]]
*Applications -> System Tools -> MySQL Administrator

==== How to install Oracle Database XE ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]
*Read http://www.oracle.com/technology/tech/linux/install/xe-on-kubuntu.html

*Add the following repository to your /etc/apt/sources.list:

deb http://oss.oracle.com/debian unstable main non-free

*Install the software using apt-get

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install oracle-xe

*Add your login to the 'dba' group (where your login name is ''username'')

sudo usermod -G dba -a ''username''

=== Apache HTTP Server ===

==== How to install Apache HTTP Server for HTTP (Web) Server service ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install apache2

*http://localhost

==== How to install PHP for Apache HTTP Server ====
===== How to install PHP4 =====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]
*Read [[#How to install Apache HTTP Server for HTTP (Web) Server service]]

sudo apt-get install php4
sudo apt-get install libapache2-mod-php4
sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart

*To test if php4 installed correctly

gksudo gedit /var/www/testphp.php

*Insert the following line into the new file

<?php phpinfo(); ?>

*Save the edited file
*http://localhost/testphp.php
*Be sure to remove the file afterwards, as it may pose a security risk

===== How to install PHP5 =====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]
*Read [[#How to install Apache HTTP Server for HTTP (Web) Server service]]

sudo apt-get install php5
sudo apt-get install libapache2-mod-php5
sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart

*To test if php5 installed correctly

gksudo gedit /var/www/testphp.php

*Insert the following line into the new file

<?php phpinfo(); ?>

*Save the edited file
*http://localhost/testphp.php
*Be sure to remove the file afterwards, as it may pose a security risk

==== How to install MYSQL for Apache HTTP Server ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]
*Read [[#How to install Apache HTTP Server for HTTP (Web) Server service]]
*Read [[#How to install PHP for Apache HTTP Server]]
*Read [[#How to install MYSQL Database Server]]

sudo apt-get install libapache2-mod-auth-mysql

*Select either php4-mysql or php5-mysql depending on which version of PHP you installed

sudo apt-get install php<version-number>-mysql
sudo apt-get install phpmyadmin

*To get PHP to work with MySQL, open the file (where <version> is either 4 or 5 depending on which PHP you installed)

gksudo gedit /etc/php<version>/apache2/php.ini

*You'll need to uncomment the ";extension=mysql.so" line so that it looks like this

...
extension=mysql.so
...

*Save the file then exit

sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart

*http://localhost/phpmyadmin

==== How to map URLs to folders outside /var/www/ ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to install Apache HTTP Server for HTTP (Web) Server service]]

gksudo gedit /etc/apache2/conf.d/alias

*Insert the following lines into the new file

Alias /URL-path /location_of_folder/

<Directory /location_of_folder/>
Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
AllowOverride All
Order allow,deny
Allow from all
</Directory>

*Save the edited file

sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart

*http://localhost/URL-path

==== How to change the default port number for Apache HTTP Server ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to install Apache HTTP Server for HTTP (Web) Server service]]

:''e.g. Assumed that new port number is 78''

sudo cp /etc/apache2/ports.conf /etc/apache2/ports.conf_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/apache2/ports.conf

*Find this line

Listen 80

*Replace with the following line

Listen 78

*Save the edited file

sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart

*http://localhost:78

==== How to parse RSS into PHP for Apache HTTP Server ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to install Apache HTTP Server for HTTP (Web) Server service]]
*Read [[#How to install PHP for Apache HTTP Server]]

:''e.g. Assumed that RSS is DistroWatch.com - News''

wget -c <nowiki>http://easylinux.info/uploads/magpierss-0.71.1.tar.gz</nowiki>
sudo mkdir /var/www/feeds
sudo tar zxvf magpierss-0.71.1.tar.gz -C /var/www/feeds/
sudo mv /var/www/feeds/magpierss-0.71.1/* /var/www/feeds/
sudo rm -fr /var/www/feeds/magpierss-0.71.1/
sudo chown -R www-data:root /var/www/feeds/
gksudo gedit /var/www/feeds/index.php

*Insert the following lines into the new file

<nowiki>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">

<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en">

<head>

<title>DistroWatch.com - News</title>

<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"/>

<style type="text/css">
/*<![CDATA[*/
/*
DEFAULT TAG STYLES
*/

body {
background: #ffffff;
margin-left: 20px;
font-family: bitstream vera sans,sans-serif;
font-size: 9pt;
}

h1 {
font-family: luxi sans,sans-serif;
font-size: 15pt;
}

/*]]>*/
</style>

</head>

<body>

<?php

require_once 'rss_fetch.inc';
error_reporting(E_ERROR);

$url = 'http://distrowatch.com/news/dw.xml';
$rss = fetch_rss($url);

if ($rss) {

echo "<h1>";
echo "<a href=$url>", $rss->channel[title], "</a> ";
echo "</h1>";

foreach ($rss->items as $item ) {
$url = $item[link];
$title = $item[title];
$description = $item[description];
echo "<li>";
echo "Topic: <a href=$url>$title</a> ";
echo "$description ";
echo "</li>";
}

}
else {
echo "<a href=$url>", $url, "</a> - Server Down! ";
}

?>

</body>

</html>
</nowiki>

*Save the edited file
*http://localhost/feeds/index.php

=== FTP Server ===

==== How to install FTP Server for File Transfer service ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install proftpd

==== How to configure FTP user to be "jailed" (chrooted) into their home directory ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to install FTP Server for File Transfer service]]

sudo cp /etc/proftpd.conf /etc/proftpd.conf_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/proftpd.conf

*Find this section

...
DenyFilter \*.*/
...

*Add the following line below it

DefaultRoot ~

*Save the edited file

sudo /etc/init.d/proftpd restart

==== How to configure FTP Server to allow anonymous FTP user to read only ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to install FTP Server for File Transfer service]]

sudo cp /etc/proftpd.conf /etc/proftpd.conf_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/proftpd.conf

*Append the following lines at the end of file

<Anonymous ~ftp>
User ftp
Group nogroup
UserAlias anonymous ftp
DirFakeUser on ftp
DirFakeGroup on ftp
RequireValidShell off
MaxClients 10
DisplayLogin welcome.msg
DisplayFirstChdir .message
<Directory *>
<Limit WRITE>
DenyAll
</Limit>
</Directory>
</Anonymous>

*Save the edited file

sudo /etc/init.d/proftpd restart

==== How to configure FTP Server to allow anonymous FTP user to read/write ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to install FTP Server for File Transfer service]]

sudo cp /etc/proftpd.conf /etc/proftpd.conf_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/proftpd.conf

*Append the following lines at the end of file

<Anonymous ~ftp>
User ftp
Group nogroup
UserAlias anonymous ftp
DirFakeUser on ftp
DirFakeGroup on ftp
RequireValidShell off
MaxClients 10
DisplayLogin welcome.msg
DisplayFirstChdir .message
</Anonymous>

*Save the edited file

sudo /etc/init.d/proftpd restart

==== How to map anonymous FTP user to folders outside /home/ftp/ ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to install FTP Server for File Transfer service]]

sudo cp /etc/proftpd.conf /etc/proftpd.conf_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/proftpd.conf

*Append the following lines at the end of file

<Anonymous /location_of_folder/>
User ftp
Group nogroup
UserAlias anonymous ftp
DirFakeUser on ftp
DirFakeGroup on ftp
RequireValidShell off
MaxClients 10
DisplayLogin welcome.msg
DisplayFirstChdir .message
<Directory *>
<Limit WRITE>
DenyAll
</Limit>
</Directory>
</Anonymous>

*Save the edited file

sudo /etc/init.d/proftpd restart

==== How to change the default port number for FTP Server ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to install FTP Server for File Transfer service]]

:''e.g. Assumed that new port number is 77''

sudo cp /etc/proftpd.conf /etc/proftpd.conf_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/proftpd.conf

*Find this line

Port 21

*Replace with the following line

Port 77

*Save the edited file

sudo /etc/init.d/proftpd restart

==== How to ftp into remote Ubuntu machine via Windows machine ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

:''e.g. Assumed that remote Ubuntu machine have installed FTP Server service''
:'' Read [[#How to install FTP Server for File Transfer service]]''

*Download FileZilla: [http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/filezilla/FileZilla_2_2_18_setup.exe?download Here]

=== Streaming Media Server ===

==== How to install GNUMP3d for Streaming Media Server service ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]
*Read [[#How to install Apache HTTP Server for HTTP (Web) Server service]]

:''e.g. /var/music/ is the directory containing multimedia files''

sudo apt-get install gnump3d

*http://localhost:8888

==== How to change the default directory containing multimedia files for GNUMP3d ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to install GNUMP3d for Streaming Media Server service]]

:''e.g. Assumed that new directory containing multimedia files is /home/music/''

sudo cp /etc/gnump3d/gnump3d.conf /etc/gnump3d/gnump3d.conf_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/gnump3d/gnump3d.conf

*Find this line

root = /var/music

*Replace with the following line

root = /home/music

*Find this line

user = gnump3d

*Replace with the following line

user = root

*Save the edited file

sudo /etc/init.d/gnump3d restart

*http://localhost:8888

==== How to change the default port number for GNUMP3d ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to install GNUMP3d for Streaming Media Server service]]

:''e.g. Assumed that new port number is 7878''

sudo cp /etc/gnump3d/gnump3d.conf /etc/gnump3d/gnump3d.conf_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/gnump3d/gnump3d.conf

*Find this line

port = 8888

*Replace with the following line

port = 7878

*Save the edited file

sudo /etc/init.d/gnump3d restart

*http://localhost:7878

=== Image Gallery Server ===

*For a comparison between Gallery1 and Gallery2 see [http://codex.gallery2.org/index.php/G1-G2_Comparison here]

==== Gallery1 ====

===== How to install Gallery1 for Image Gallery Server service =====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]
*Read [[#How to install Apache HTTP Server for HTTP (Web) Server service]]
*Read [[#How to install PHP for Apache HTTP Server]]

sudo apt-get install gallery (when prompted to restart Apache, choose No or Cancel)
sudo apt-get install imagemagick
sudo apt-get install jhead
sudo apt-get install libjpeg-progs
sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart
sudo sh /usr/share/gallery/configure.sh

*http://localhost/gallery/setup/index.php
*Gallery Configuration

Gallery Configuration Wizard: Step 1
Next Step ->

Gallery Configuration Wizard: Step 2
General settings Tab ->
Admin password: Specify the password

Locations and URLs Tab ->
Album directory: /var/www/albums/
Temporary directory: /tmp/
Gallery URL: <nowiki>http://localhost/gallery</nowiki>
Albums URL: <nowiki>http://localhost/albums</nowiki>
Next Step -->

Gallery Configuration Wizard: Step 3
Next Step -->

Gallery Configuration Wizard: Step 4
Save Config ->

*http://localhost/gallery/albums.php

===== How to configure Gallery1 to be accessible via Internet (Hostname or fix IP) or LAN (fix IP) =====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to install Gallery1 for Image Gallery Server service]]

:''e.g. Assumed that network and internet connections have been configured properly''
:'' Internet (Hostname or fix IP) or LAN (fix IP): http://www.url.com''

sudo cp /etc/gallery/config.php /etc/gallery/config.php_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/gallery/config.php

*Find this section

...
$gallery->app->photoAlbumURL = "<nowiki>http://localhost/gallery</nowiki>";
$gallery->app->albumDirURL = "<nowiki>http://localhost/albums</nowiki>";
...

*Replace with the following lines

$gallery->app->photoAlbumURL = "<nowiki>http://www.url.com/gallery</nowiki>";
$gallery->app->albumDirURL = "<nowiki>http://www.url.com/albums</nowiki>";

*Save the edited file
*http://www.url.com/gallery/albums.php

===== How to configure Gallery1 to be accessible via LAN (dynamic IP) =====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to install Gallery1 for Image Gallery Server service]]

:''e.g. Assumed that network connections have been configured properly''
:'' LAN (dynamic IP): 192.168.0.1''

sudo cp /etc/gallery/config.php /etc/gallery/config.php_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/gallery/config.php

*Find this section

...
$gallery->app->photoAlbumURL = "<nowiki>http://localhost/gallery</nowiki>";
$gallery->app->albumDirURL = "<nowiki>http://localhost/albums</nowiki>";
...

*Replace with the following lines

$gallery->app->photoAlbumURL = "/gallery";
$gallery->app->albumDirURL = "/albums";

*Save the edited file
*http://192.168.0.1/gallery/albums.php

===== How to backup/restore Gallery1 data =====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*To backup Gallery data

sudo tar zcvf gallery.tgz /var/www/albums/ /etc/gallery/

*To restore Gallery data

sudo tar zxvf gallery.tgz -C /

==== Gallery2 ====
===== How to install Gallery2 =====
===== How to configure Gallery2 =====

== Problemų sprendimai ==

==== Tinklo konfiguravimas... (per ilgai kraunama) ====

*Skaitykite [[#Bendrosios pastabos]]
*Skaitykite [[#Kaip laikinai praleisti boot-up servisus]]

==== Laikrodžio sinchronizavimas su ntp.ubuntulinux.org... (per ilgai kraunama) ====

*Skaitykite [[#Bendrosios pastabos]]
*Skaitykite [[#Kaip laikinai praleisti boot-up servisus]]
*Skaitykite [[#Kaip įjungti/išjungti krovimosi (boot-up) servisus visam laikui]]

service_name = ntpdate

==== Kaip išjungti laiko/datos perstatymą į UTC (GMT) ====

*Skaitykite [[#Bendrosios pastabos]]

sudo cp /etc/default/rcS /etc/default/rcS_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/default/rcS

*Raskite šią eilutę

...
UTC=yes
...

*Pakeiskite šia eilute

UTC=no

*Išsaugokite failą
*System -> Administration -> Time and Date

Nustatykite teisingą laiką/datą

sudo /etc/init.d/hwclock.sh restart

==== Ką daryti, kad garsas GNOME veiktų tinkmai ====

*Skaitykite [[#Bendrosios pastabos]]
*Skaitykite [[#Kaip pridėti naujas failų saugyklas]]

sudo killall esd
sudo cp /etc/esound/esd.conf /etc/esound/esd.conf_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/esound/esd.conf

*Raskite šią vietą

...
auto_spawn=0
spawn_options=-terminate -nobeeps -as 5
...

*Pakeiskite šiomis eilutėmis

auto_spawn=1
spawn_options=-terminate -nobeeps -as 2 -d default

*Išsaugokite failą

sudo apt-get install libesd-alsa0
gksudo gedit /etc/asound.conf

*Įrašykite tai naujame faile

pcm.card0 {
type hw
card 0
}

pcm.!default {
type plug
slave.pcm "dmixer"
}

pcm.dmixer {
type dmix
ipc_key 1025
slave {
pcm "hw:0,0"
period_time 0
period_size 2048
buffer_size 32768
rate 48000
}
bindings {
0 0
1 1
}
}

*Išsaugokite failą

sudo ln -fs /usr/lib/libesd.so.0 /usr/lib/libesd.so.1

System -> Preferences -> Sound
Sound preferences

General Tab -> Sounds for events '''(Un-Checked)'''

*Išsaugokite ir išjunkite visas veikiančias programas, perkraukite kompiuterį

==== Kaip tinkamai išvalyti GNOME šiukšliadėžę ====

*Skaitykite [[#Bendrosios pastabos]]

sudo rm -fr $HOME/.Trash/

==== Kaip pašalinti susidubliavusius GNOME meniu/meniu punktus ====

*Skaitykite [[#Bendrosios pastabos]]

rm -f $HOME/.config/menus/applications.menu

*Skaitykite [[#Kaip atnaujinti GNOME skydelį (GNOME panel)]]

==== How to refresh Places menu in GNOME (if mounts to /media/ in /etc/fstab does not show up) ====

*Skaitykite [[#Bendrosios pastabos]]

sudo /etc/init.d/dbus-1 restart

==== How to consume static (not dhcp) wireless LAN (WLAN) connection (KDE) ====
*I assume you have successfully consumed WLAN connection in Windows

*To enable the network device please follow the following steps
*Go to K-menu -> System Settings -> Network Settings
*Enable Administrator mode

*Select Network Interfaces tab and the wireless interface (usually ath0) to configure
*Click Configure Interface...
*Choose Manual or Automatic. Choose Manual
*Fill the preferred IP address to identify your computer and the netmask. Choose to activate when computer starts
*Click Advanced Settings to for more properties

*Select Routes tab and fill the gateway IP address
*Make sure you choose the correct device in the right dropdown (e.g. ath0)
*Click apply to commit all changes

*To choose wireless connection please follow the following steps
*Go to K-menu -> Internet -> Wireless Assistant
*Right click on preferred connection ssid
*Choose and complete fields for Manual connection
*Click Ok

*Create connection configuration

gksudo gedit /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf

*Insert the following lines into the new file

network={
ssid="YOUR_PREFERRED_CONNECTION_SSID"
scan_ssid=1
proto=WPA
key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
psk="STRING_TO_GENERATE_PASSWORD"
#psk=123456789 #you have option to use connection key instead of connection password
}

*Save the edited file
*Create script to easily activate connection

gksudo gedit /etc/init.d/wifi_wpa.sh

*Insert the following lines into the new file

#! /bin/sh
# wifi: wpa_supplicant init
echo " * [Wifi]: Enabling WPA supplicant..."
if [ -x /sbin/wpa_supplicant ]; then
/sbin/wpa_supplicant -B -i ath0 -c /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf -D madwifi -w
fi
exit 0

*Save the edited file
*Make sure both file readable and executable

sudo chmod +r /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf
sudo chmod +x /etc/init.d/wifi_wpa.sh

*make wireless connection automaticaly starts when computer starts

sudo ln -s /etc/init.d/wifi_wpa.sh /etc/rcS.d/S40netwifiwpa

*Close all opened applications, Reboot computer

==== Ką daryti, kad veiktų 1400x1050 rezoliucija ====
*Žiūrėkite http://ubuntu.vdb-studios.be/installationDapper.php

== Upgrading Ubuntu ==

==== How to upgrade from Hoary Hedgehog -> Breezy Badger -> Dapper Drake ====

*First, make sure you're fully upgraded:
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

*If you don't have a CD available make SURE you comment/remove the line pertaining to your CD media
gksudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

'''/etc/apt/sources.list'''

''for an upgrade to breezy your sources.list should look something similar to this:''

<nowiki>## Uncomment the following two lines to fetch updated software from the network</nowiki>
<nowiki>deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy main restricted</nowiki>
<nowiki>deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy main restricted</nowiki>

<nowiki>## Uncomment the following two lines to fetch major bug fix updates produced</nowiki>
<nowiki>## after the final release of the distribution.</nowiki>
<nowiki>deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy-updates main restricted</nowiki>
<nowiki>deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy-updates main restricted</nowiki>

<nowiki>## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from the 'universe'</nowiki>
<nowiki>## repository.</nowiki>
<nowiki>## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu</nowiki>
<nowiki>## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to</nowiki>
<nowiki>## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in</nowiki>
<nowiki>## universe WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu security</nowiki>
<nowiki>## team.</nowiki> 
<nowiki>deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy universe</nowiki>
<nowiki>deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy universe</nowiki>

<nowiki>deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy-security main restricted</nowiki>
<nowiki>deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy-security main restricted</nowiki>

<nowiki>deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy-security universe</nowiki>
<nowiki>deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy-security universe</nowiki></div>

*To upgrade from breezy to dapper, just replace (ctrl+h) all instances of 'breezy' with 'dapper' within the /etc/apt/sources.list

*Save this file.
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
*Save your session, reboot, and enjoy.

NOTE:
*I would NOT suggest upgrading directly from hoary to dapper. Upgrade: hoary->breezy->dapper

==== Kaip atnaujinti Ubuntu iš Dapper Drake į Edgy Eft (eksperimentinis) ====

*greitai bus...

== Pašalintos temos ==

* Iš šio gido pašalinti straipsniai yra [http://linux.edu.lv/index.php?name=Forums&file=viewtopic&t=73 čia]

- User contributions [en]

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