Perspectoff at 16:38, 2 April 2009

Perspectoff — Thu, 02 Apr 2009 16:38:19 GMT

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= ''''' Ubuntu 8.04 LTS (Hardy Heron) ''''' =

'''Ubuntu Hardy Heron, el sucesor de [[Ubuntu:Gutsy|Gutsy Gibbon]] fue lanzado el 24 of abril del 2008. Por favor ayuden a probar y perfeccionar esta guía.'''

Esta guía fue iniciada por [[User:Jiyuu0|Chua Wen Kiat]] (Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia), Versión en español José Guzmán Tórtola (Guatemala).

{{HardyHeronLanguageBar|languages=Languages:|InProgress=In progress:}}

__TOC__
== ''''' Prólogo ''''' ==

=== Información sobre Hardy ===

* Ubuntu 8.04 se lanzó el 24 de abril del 2008 .
* Su nombre código es Hardy Heron y es el sucesor de Ubuntu 7.10 Gutsy Gibbon.
* * Hardy Heron es una versión LTS (Long Term Support o de soporte a largo plazo) cuyo soporte con actualizaciones de seguridad tendrá una duración de cinco años en la edición para servidores y tres años para le version para computadoras de escritorio.

=== Cómo saber que versión de Ubuntu estás usando ===

Usar este comando:

lsb_release -a

=== Cómo saber que versión del Kernel de Ubuntu estás usando ===

Usar este comando:

uname -r

=== Nuevas versiones de Ubuntu ===

* Ubuntu se renueva en ciclos de 6 meses
* Cada nuevo lanzamiento de Ubuntu ocurre en Abril y Octubre
* La próxima versión se espera para el 30 de Octubre del 2008 y será el Ubuntu 8.10 (Intrepid Ibex) el cual es Hardy+1.

=== Acerca de Ubuntu y páginas oficiales en el internet de Ubuntu ===

==== Ubuntu 8.04 Guías y Links ====

*[http://www.ubuntu.com/ Ubuntu Website Oficial]
*[http://www.ubuntu.com/products/whatisubuntu Página oficial de Ubuntu]
*[http://ubuntuforums.org/ Forums oficiales de Ubuntu]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu_(Linux_distribution) Wikipedia: Ubuntu (Linux Distribution)]
*[http://www.ubuntugeek.com/ Ubuntu Geek incluye Tips,qué hacer,tutoriales y artículos sobre Ubuntu Linux]

===== Capturas de pantalla de Ubuntu =====

[http://www.debianadmin.com/ubuntu-804-hardy-heron-screenshots-tour.html Galería de pantallazos en Ubuntu 8.04]

===== Capturas de pantalla de Kubuntu =====

[http://www.debianadmin.com/kubuntu-804-hardy-heron-screenshots-tour.html Galería de pantallazos en Ubuntu 8.04

== Información importante ==

Esta sección contiene información importante sobre como usar esta guía.

=== Usando console / terminal / shell ===

Los términos console, terminal, y shell se refieren a la misma cosa - una interface de comandos en línea. Puede ser utilizada para controlar el sistema en lugar de usar la interfase gráfica de usuario (GUI). Muchas de las tareas en ésta guía pueden realizarse a través del GUI, pero para muchos usuarios es más sencillo utilizar la línea de comandos.

Para abrir la consola:

Applications --> Accessories --> Terminal

A cualquier comando al que se le antepone la palabra "sudo" se le concede acceso administrativo (o root)para lo cual el sistema pedirá el password del usuario.

=== Usando "manpages" para mostrar los parámetros de los comandos en linea y ayuda.===

La mayoría de los programas y comandos tienen un manual de ayuda llamado "manpages".

La función de un comando y las opciones de un comando en línea pueden mostrarse tecleando en la ventana de comando (ventana de consola) de la siguiente forma :

man <comando>

Ejemplo,

man apt-get

mostrará las opciones del comando apt-get.

=== Windows Vista y Ubuntu instalados al mismo tiempo===

Es posible tener problemas al tratar de arrancar Windows Vista o Ubuntu (dual-booting) ya que el programa de arranque del Vista trabaja de forma distinta a las versiones anteriores ya que espera que el MBR y el sector de arranque se comporten de distinta manera. EasyBCD es una aplicación gratuita en Windows que permite solucionar este problema de manera segura y rápida.

*[http://neosmart.net/dl.php?id=1 Bajar el programa EasyBCD ]
*[http://neosmart.net/wiki/display/EBCD/Ubuntu Ejemplo de arranque de Ubuntu y Windows Vista]

== Manteniendo el sistema al día ==

*Es importante mantener el sistema al día con los últimos parches y arreglos de seguridad disponibles.

*Asegúrese que los lugares de almacenamiento están activos:

System --> Administration --> Software Sources

*Abrir la consola de comandos en línea:

Applications --> Accessories --> Terminal

*Ejecute la actualización:

sudo apt-get update

(El sistema pedirá la contraseña (password) del ususrio)

*Actualizar los paquetes de la versión instalada actualmente:

sudo apt-get upgrade

*Si desea actualizarse con la última version teclee:

sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

:El actualizar a una nueva versión debe hacerse con precaución. Asegúrate que no estás utilizando un sistema que necesita de una versión específica de Ubuntu para funcionar correctamente. Algunas aplicaciones no son compatibles con las nuevas versiones y pueden dejar de funcionar tras una actualización de la distribución. Esto se puede dar si estás utilizando una versión de Ubuntu descargada desde "[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_appliance appliance]". These often should only have a distribution upgrade in co-ordination with a complete appliance upgrade.

== Instalando paquetes(programas) y librerías ==

En Ubuntu existen dos formas de instalar paquetes en su sistema.

Usted puede instalar paquetes desde la línea de comandos o con el Gestor de Paquetes Synaptic.

=== Como Instalar un paquete con Apt (desde la terminal de comandos en linea) ===
*Apt es el gestor de paquetes de Debian y se usa también en Ubuntu.

*Inicie una terminal de comandos en linea:

Sistema --> Accesorios --> Terminal

*Instale un paquete digitando:

sudo apt-get install nombre_del_paquete

:*Para instalar el reproductor de musica Amarok, por ejemplo:

sudo apt-get install amarok

*Desinstale un paquete tecleando:

sudo apt-get remove nombre_del_paquete

:*Para desinstalar el reproductor de musica Exaile, por ejemplo:

sudo apt-get remove exaile

*Apt selecciona las dependencias de un programa y automaticamente las instala o las elimina.

===Como instalar un paquete con el Gestor de Paquetes Synaptic ===

*Inicie el Gestor de Paquetes Synaptic:

Sistema --> Administracion --> Gestor de Paquetes Synaptic

*Busque un complemento o un paquete usando el Botón Buscar.

*Marque la casilla(s) del paquete(s) a instalar; el/los paquetes seleccionados entrara(n) a una lista de instalación.

*Presione "Aplicar". Synaptic busca las dependencias e instala el paquete seleccionado así como sus dependencias.

== Buscando un paquete/programa ==

Existen muchas formas de encontrar paquetes en los repositorios.

===Encontrar un paquete en Synaptic ===

*Abra Synaptic:

Sistema --> Administración --> Gestor de Paquetes Synaptic

*Presione el botón Buscar.

=== Seleccione el mirror mas rapido ===

*revise [http://www.ubuntugeek.com/how-to-select-fastest-mirror-in-ubuntu.html Como seleccionar el mirror mas rapido.

===Encontrar un paquete en la página de Ubuntu===

*Vaya a [http://packages.ubuntu.com/ la página de paquetes de ubuntu.].

*Busque los paquetes Hardy en:

:*http://packages.ubuntu.com/hardy/
:*http://packages.ubuntu.com/hardy-updates/
:*http://packages.ubuntu.com/hardy-backports/ :*http://packages.ubuntu.com/hardy-backports/main/newpkg

=== Encontrar un paquete con Apt ===

*Abra una terminal de comando en linea:

Aplicaciones --> Accesorios --> Terminal

*Busque por un nombre de paquete en la cache.

sudo apt-cache search <nombre de paquete>

:*Ejemplo:

sudo apt-cache search music player

=== Encontrar un paquete en Aptitude ===

*Aptitude es una versión con menú de apt. Se trabaja desde una terminal de comando en linea.

Aplicaciones --> Accesorios --> Terminal
user> aptitude

*Use la opcion Buscar como en el Gestor de Paquetes Synaptic.

== Añadir un programa al menu de Aplicaciones ==

*''Click derecho'' sobre la barra de menú para editar menú.

*Opcionalmente, desde la terminal de comando en linea:

alacarte

*Para encontrar la localizacion de la aplicacion en el disco duro:
locate <nombre de la aplicacion>

== Tarjetas graficas y displays ==

=== Instalación de drivers ATI y nVidia Graphics ===
====Instalar drivers restringidos====
===== Driver nVidia =====

*Determine que kernel esta usando:

user@localhost:~$ uname -a
Linux ubuntu804server 2.6.24-17-server #1 SMP Thu May 1 14:28:06 UTC 2008 x86_64 GNU/Linux

*I have the '''server''' kernel, so I need to install the following:

sudo apt-get install linux-restricted-modules-server

You can also install this package from Synaptic Package Manager (which I did.)

*Go to '''''System > Administration > Restricted Drivers Manager''''' and turn on the driver.

*Reboot

*Some users may receive an error screen: "The software source for the packsge nvidia-glx-new is not enabled." This can be overcome by going to '''''System > Administration > Software Sources''''' and ticking all the boxes under the heading "Downloadable from the Internet", click close and then allow Ubuntu to reload the package lists. The NVidia drivers can then be enabled using the method above.

*You can optionally prevent showing NVidia logo on startup by:
sudo nvidia-xconfig --no-logo

==== Install latest EnvyNG driver (ATI & nVidia) ====
*Ensures you are always running the latest version of the drivers.
*Read [http://albertomilone.com/envyngfaq.html#A this faq].

*Install the gtk package:

sudo apt-get install envyng-gtk

==== Install drivers from the repository (ATI & nVidia) ====

*From Synaptic Package Manager:

System --> Administration --> Hardware Drivers

*Choose your Graphics Card and desired options.

*Reboot.

==== Open Source rRadeon driver (ATI)====
*For those that have older ATi GPU installed
*See [https://help.ubuntu.com/community/RadeonDriver these instructions].

==== RadeonHD driver (ATI only)====
*For those that own the latest ATi cards (2xxx and 3xxx generations) and can't have appropriate display with the latest ATi drivers (via EnvyNG) or with the repository driver.

*Make sure that you don't have another ATI driver installed.
*Also see this location for [http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=article&item=842&num=1 more info].

*Search Synaptic Package Manager for the package:

xf86-video-radeonhd

==== Fix for Video Playback Problem in Compiz-Fusion ====
Problem:
While running Compiz-Fusion in fullscreen, a blue screen appears instead of special effects (3D cube, expo window viewing, video while moving the window).

Solution:
Try [http://www.ubuntugeek.com/fix-for-video-playback-problem-in-compiz-fusion.html this fix].

Note: This fix is not a permanent fix. It makes your CPU render the video, not your graphic card. The video will seem pixelated when re-sized at a higher resolution because the CPU is not able to post-process the video (and taxes your system resources). There seems to be no current fix for this video playback issue. This is a driver problem at the X-Server side.

=== Configuring multiple monitors with a nVidia graphics card ===

Install the nVidia graphics control panel:

sudo apt-get install nvidia-settings

And then run the configuration utility:

gksu nvidia-settings

You should be able to configure all your monitors, set them to seperate resolutions, and change their positioning relative to one another. When you are finished, make sure you click 'Save to X Configuration File'. It is possible that you may have problems with the boundries of monitors; logging off and back on again should resolve this.

== How to install multimedia support on Hardy Heron ==

=== Installing Codecs ===

Open a terminal and type :

sudo -s -H

or

sudo -i

and then enter your user password.

After that :

apt-get update

apt-get upgrade

To be upgraded. '''Please check that you have all repositories enabled in Software sources.'''

Then these commands :

apt-get install gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly-multiverse gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad-multiverse
gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly gstreamer0.10-ffmpeg libxine1-ffmpeg libdvdread3

Now you have the most of the codecs needed to play most of multimedia you may own.

=== Installing DVD Support ===

If you want to install codecs in i386 and 64 bit check [http://www.ubuntugeek.com/install-mplayer-and-multimedia-codecs-libdvdcss2w32codecsw64codecs-in-ubuntu-804-hardy-heron.html This]

At the console, type:

sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

Αnd paste in the end of the file the below:

## Medibuntu - Ubuntu 8.04 "hardy"
## Please report any bug on https://bugs.launchpad.net/medibuntu/
deb http://packages.medibuntu.org/ hardy free non-free

save the document and then in the terminal type:

wget -q http://packages.medibuntu.org/medibuntu-key.gpg -O- | sudo apt-key add -

in order to receive the appropriate key.

Finally, at the terminal, type:

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install libdvdcss2

== Revision ==
I used this method and DVD movies wouldn't play previews or allow me to go to the Main Menu.
English DVD's would also play French or Spanish language when set to Auto in Language.

I used this [http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=828342&highlight=dvd+xinelink forum page] to get my DVD working and it works great! Not just for xubuntu.

I just set up a fresh box, here's what worked well to take care of dvd/cd playback.
Run in order

Code:
sudo wget http://www.medibuntu.org/sources.list.d/hardy.list -O /etc/apt/sources.list.d/medibuntu.list

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install medibuntu-keyring && sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install vlc libdvdcss2 ubuntu-restricted-extras w32codecs

Thats it.

To add the better totem-xine player as default totem player

sudo apt-get install totem-xine

sudo update-alternatives --config totem

choose 2

edit : the libdvdread3/install-css.sh thing is somewhat outdated, much better to get your libs, codecs and players from medibuntu. In the rare case the current libdvdcss2 doesn't work for your system then that's an option

=== Pulseaudio ===

On Xubuntu, you may experience some glitches with Pulseaudio like no sound at all after upgrading from Gutsy. The reason may be that the Pulseaudio daemon is not started. Take note that the sound server is not started at boot time (to reduce the risk of inter-user audio corruption), but at login time. So, you will have to add an entry to your autostarted applications for Pulseaudio. Here is an example:

:[Desktop Entry] 
:Encoding=UTF-8 
:Version=0.9.4 
:Type=Application 
:Name=Pulseaudio 
:Comment= 
:Exec=pulseaudio 
:StartupNotify=false 
:Terminal=false 
:Hidden=false 

=== Installing VLC Media Player ===

At the console, type:

sudo apt-get install vlc

To remove,

sudo apt-get --purge autoremove vlc

If you encounter sound problems (due to PulseAudio ), type:

sudo apt-get install vlc-plugin-pulse

and choose PulseAudio as output in VLC options.

==== How to make VLC open when you insert a DVD ====
Some users may run into problems using Totem to play DVDs. Totem is the default program for DVD-playback in Hardy, and there is no obvious way to change it. A lot of tips that worked in previous versions no longer work. The main problem is that VLC does not register itself as a DVD-capable application. These steps will set VLC media player as your default DVD player.

Create a new directory, if it doesn't already exist, for our custom settings. At the console, type:

mkdir ~/.local/share/applications

Copy the standard VLC settings file. Type:

cp /usr/share/applications/vlc.desktop ~/.local/share/applications/vlc-dvd.desktop

Edit vlc-dvd.desktop. Type:

gedit ~/.local/share/applications/vlc-dvd.desktop

Scroll down, and find the line that reads:

Exec=vlc %U

Replace the above line with one of the following:
:1. (all you really need)

Exec=vlc %f

:2. (recommended settings from ubuntuforums for better dvd playback)

Exec=vlc --vout-filter deinterlace --deinterlace-mode blend --volume 512 %f

:3. (recommended settings from ubuntuforums for better dvd playback and automatic full screen playback)

Exec=vlc --vout-filter deinterlace --deinterlace-mode blend --volume 512 --fullscreen %f

Save the file and close gedit, then open mimeapps.list. At the console, type:

gedit ~/.local/share/applications/mimeapps.list

In most cases this will be a new (blank) file, and all you will need to do is paste in the following text. If mimeapps.list already exists, scroll down until you find the line that begins with «x-content/video-dvd» under the [Added Associations] heading, and change it to match the following text (or paste in the entire line if you couldn't find it).

[Added Associations]
x-content/video-dvd=vlc-dvd.desktop;totem.desktop;

Save the file and close gedit. To check that the settings have properly applied, from the Gnome menus go to Places → Home Folder, then from the file manager menus go to Edit → Preferences → Media, and «DVD Video» should be set to «Open VLC media player» (you should be able to choose between Totem/Move Player and VLC)

=== Installing Amarok (a Music Player) ===

Whilst Amarok is a KDE/Qt application, it will work fine on Ubuntu, and can be installed by typing:

sudo apt-get install amarok

=== Installing Exaile (Amarok-like Music Player) ===

Exaile is a GTK, Amarok-like Music Player. From the command-line terminal:

sudo apt-get install exaile

Make sure you have the appropriate [http://ubuntuguide.org/wiki/Ubuntu:Hardy#Installing_Codecs multimedia codecs ] installed.

=== Installing Pulseaudio Tools ===

This will install pulseaudio utilities such as individual application volume controls and audio server tools.

Open a Terminal window and type the following:

sudo apt-get install libasound2-plugins "pulseaudio-*" paman padevchooser paprefs pavucontrol pavumeter libflashsupport

Run Pulseaudio Device Manager from the Applications > Sound and Video menu to access the tools.

=== Installing XMMS ===

Note: XMMS is no longer included in the package tree and must be installed from source. This guide is based on <http://blog.sartek.net/2008/04/install-xmms-on-ubuntu-804-hardy-heron.html>.

'''''Be extra carefull'''. The installation of a package out of PMS (package management system, that means apt and its frontend, Synaptic) may be dangerous, since the system doesn't have a trace of the binaries that are installed after the compilation.

''Be sure that you know very well what you do.

Instead of that you should consider of making a .deb package so that you may do an appropriate installation''''

XMMS depends on a lot of packages; install them by typing the following into a terminal:

sudo apt-get install autotools-dev automake1.9 libtool gettext libasound2-dev libaudiofile-dev
libgl1-mesa-dev libglib1.2-dev libgtk1.2-dev libesd0-dev libice-dev libmikmod2-dev libogg-dev
libsm-dev libvorbis-dev libxxf86vm-dev libxml-dev libssl-dev build-essential make

Download the source from the XMMS website and unpack the .tar.gz:

http://xmms.org/

From a terminal move to the newly untarred director and type:

./configure --prefix=/usr

Compile the code:

make

Then install:

sudo make install

You can remove the untarred directory if you so desire. To make audio output work properly, you may have to change the output audio plugin to ALSA from the OSS driver. This is done by opening xmms and navigating through the Options-Preferences menus.

=== Installing Real Player 11 and Configuring Mozilla Plugin ===

The following steps show how to install Real Player 11 and Mozilla Plugin for Firefox 3.0 browsers running on Hardy Heron.

Download Real Player 11 from:

www.real.com

Open a terminal and change to the directory where the file was downloaded. Grant execute permissions and run the setup using the following commands:

chmod 770 RealPlayer11GOLD.bin
sudo ./RealPlayer11GOLD.bin

Use the following default installation directory during the installation:

/opt/real/RealPlayer

The installer will copy the files and create menu shortcuts. Then run the following commands.

cd /usr/lib/firefox-addons/plugins
sudo ln -s /opt/real/RealPlayer/mozilla/nphelix.xpt nphelix.xpt
sudo ln -s /opt/real/RealPlayer/mozilla/nphelix.so nphelix.so
sudo mv /usr/lib/totem/gstreamer/libtotem-complex-plugin.so ~/.

Open Firefox and type about:plugins in the address bar. Scroll down and look for the following entry.

Helix DNA Plugin: RealPlayer G2 Plug-In Compatible
File name: /opt/real/RealPlayer/mozilla/nphelix.so
Helix DNA Plugin: RealPlayer G2 Plug-In Compatible version 0.4.0.4005 built with gcc 3.4.3 on Feb 25 2008

If found, your Real Plugin is installed properly!

== Systems and Network Monitoring ==

=== Install the Zenoss stack ===

Zenoss is a full-featured open source networking monitoring application. To
install a version of Zenoss which includes all dependencies, first add the
repository by typing:

sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

Αnd paste in the end of the file:

## Zenoss - Ubuntu
## Please report any bugs at http://dev.zenoss.org/trac
deb http://dev.zenoss.org/deb main stable

Save the file and exit. Then type:

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install zenoss-stack

Start zenoss:

sudo /etc/init.d/zenoss-stack start

Then in your browser, visit http://yourhost:8080, where yourhost is the FQDN of
the server on which you installed Zenoss. Zenoss docs are available at
http://docs.zenoss.com.

== Internet and Web Development ==

== Howto: Tweak and maximize your bandwidth in Ubuntu/Linux via sysctl! ==

Here I will unleash a few hidden settings that should improve your internet speed, and work with all current linux operating systems including Ubuntu:

1. Open a Terminal via Applications->Accessories->Terminal

Type:

sudo vim /etc/sysctl.conf (press i for edit mode)

Then Paste the Following at the end of the file:

## increase TCP max buffer size setable using setsockopt()
net.core.rmem_max = 16777216
net.core.wmem_max = 16777216
## increase Linux autotuning TCP buffer limits
## min, default, and max number of bytes to use
## set max to at least 4MB, or higher if you use very high BDP paths
net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 87380 16777216
net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 65536 16777216
## don't cache ssthresh from previous connection
net.ipv4.tcp_no_metrics_save = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_moderate_rcvbuf = 1
## recommended to increase this for 1000 BT or higher
net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 2500
## for 10 GigE, use this, uncomment below
## net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 30000
## Turn off timestamps if you're on a gigabit or very busy network
## Having it off is one less thing the IP stack needs to work on
## net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0
## disable tcp selective acknowledgements.
net.ipv4.tcp_sack = 0
##enable window scaling
net.ipv4.tcp_window_scaling = 1

Type :wq to exit and save.

Type in terminal

sudo sysctl -p

to apply the settings.

You can disable all these settings by removing these lines you added via:

sudo gedit /etc/sysctl.conf

=== Install a LAMP server on a Desktop ===

LAMP stands for Linux, Apache, MSQL and PHP. You can install an integrated package that includes all four from the Synaptic Package manager (if you are using a Desktop Edition).

System-->Administration-->Synaptic Package Manager-->
Edit-->Mark Packages by Task-->LAMP server -->Apply

=== Simple LAMP server Setup ===

In around 15 minutes, the time it takes to install Ubuntu Server Edition, you can have a LAMP (Linux, Apache, MySQL and PHP) server up and ready to go. This feature, exclusive to Ubuntu Server Edition, is available at the time of installation.

Check [http://www.ubuntugeek.com/ubuntu-804-hardy-heron-lamp-server-setup.html LAMP Server Setup in 15min] Very easy setup guide

=== Install a LAMP server for local web development ===

This will install Apache2, PHP5, MySql5, and PHPMyAdmin.

Firstly, type the following command at the console:

sudo apt-get install apache2 php5 mysql-server-5.0 phpmyadmin

This will install all the necessary applications. You may be prompted to decide on a MySQL root password (set one if you want), and to configure PHPMyAdmin (select apache2 as the server type). After this is complete, we need to perform some minor configuration to get PHPMyAdmin working. Type:

sudo gedit /etc/apache2/apache2.conf

Scroll right to the bottom of the file that opens, and add:

# Enable PHPMyAdmin
Include /etc/phpmyadmin/apache.conf

Now save, exit, and type:

sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart

Everything should now be configured - go to http://127.0.0.1 for webpages, and http://127.0.0.1/phpmyadmin for database administration. The webroot is located in /var/www/ by default. This is not particularly useful, as we do not have write access to this directory. Fortunately, this is easy to solve, by...

=== Adding a virtual host to your LAMP server ===

'''FIRST METHOD'''

This allows us to access a different folder as our webroot from a different address in our browser - face it, 'localhost' or 127.0.0.1 is boring.

Start by adding a new host. This is easy to do via System --> Administration --> Network; click on the Hosts tab, select the localhost item from the list and click properties. You may need to click the 'Unlock' button and enter your password first. Underneath the entry 'localhost', on a new line, add your entry of choice; for example, we'll use 'testhost'. Add this, and close all the dialogs.

To confirm that the above worked, you can check the '/etc/hosts' file.

sudo gedit /etc/hosts

You should see the following line.

127.0.1.1 testhost

Now we need to edit the Apache configuration file, so type into the console:
sudo gedit /etc/apache2/httpd.conf
In the resulting file (which may well be empty), add the definition for your host! My username is 'dan', and I want my webpages to be served from a directory named 'www' in my home, so I would add:

<VirtualHost *>
ServerName testhost
DocumentRoot /home/dan/www
</Virtualhost>

where testhost is the name of the new virtual site (it must match the above entry in your conf file).

After this, you need to restart apache so it can load these new configuration file entries.

/etc/init.d/apache2 restart

I can now add files to /home/dan/www, and access them by visiting http://testhost

'''SECOND METHOD'''

Fire up terminal and type the followings:

cd /etc/apache2/sites-available
sudo touch your-site-name.conf
sudo nano your-site-name.conf

Type in your Virtual Host directives, example:

<VirtualHost 127.0.1.1:80>
ServerName myserver
ServerAdmin me@myserver
DocumentRoot /home/me/webroot/default
<Directory /home/me/webroot/default>
Options -Indexes
AllowOverride All
Order Allow,Deny
Allow From All
</Directory>
</VirtualHost>

Save the new file and type in the followings:

cd ../sites-enabled
ln -s /etc/apache2/sites-available/your-site-name.conf ./your-site-name.conf
cd ../
sudo nano apache2.conf

Go to the end of the apache2.conf file and add the following line just before the comment listed below:

# Include the virtual host configurations:
NameVirtualHost 127.0.1.1:80
Include /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/

Save the edited file and type the following:

sudo nano /etc/hosts

Edit the entry after 127.0.1.1 to match your configuration, example:

127.0.0.1 localhost
127.0.1.1 zozi myserver

Last but not least, save the edited file and restart the daemon by doing this:

/etc/init.d/apache2 restart

Your new virtual host will be accessible at the address http://myserver/.

== Home Automation / Home Theater / Home Security ==
=== Complete Systems ===
==== Linux MCE (Media Center Edition) ====
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LinuxMCE LinuxMCE] is an integrated home theater/home security/home automation/telephone PBX/intercom system for your home. It is a community project that is a fork of the Linux Pluto commercial endeavour. There is a version that runs on Kubuntu 7.04 (Feisty) and a version for Kubuntu 7.10 (Gutsy). A version for Kubuntu 8.04 (Hardy) is due out soon. It is available in 32 and 64 bit versions. LinuxMCE can run either as a standalone Home Theater PC or can co-ordinate a fully networked home, using the networking capabilities that are intrinsically part of the Kubuntu Linux OS. For more info see the [http://www.linuxmce.org LinuxMCE website].

LinuxMCE can be installed at the same time as the Kubuntu OS, on a new PC with an Nvidia graphics card (6000, 7000, or 8000 series), from a single DVD.

LinuxMCE can also be installed as an add-on package to an existing Kubuntu system, using the LinuxMCE 2 CD installation. You will need a Kubuntu LiveCD for your installation, even if you already have a full Kubuntu installation in place. (The LinuxMCE installation uses the Kubuntu LiveCD for additional modules.) Note that the LinuxMCE version must match the Kubuntu version -- i.e. the LinuxMCE 710 version CDs require the Kubuntu 7.10 (Gutsy) Live CD.

With the 2 CD installation, it is possible to run Kubuntu separately from LinuxMCE on the same PC, but it is recommended to dedicate at least one PC to LinuxMCE as a Core server.

LinuxMCE incorporates [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MythTV MythTV], [http://plutohome.com/ Pluto] home automation, [http://www.lavrsen.dk/twiki/bin/view/Motion/WebHome Motion] security surveillance, [http://www.asterisk.org/ Asterisk] PBX, [http://www.cadsoft.de/vdr/ VDR] video disk recorder, and other home automation/security/theater packages in an integrated platform.

At this time, the automatic installer for Linux MCE uses the [http://kubuntuguide.org/Gutsy KDE desktop (Kubuntu)]. There are users that have made Linux MCE work with the Gnome desktop (Ubuntu) and other Linux distributions, but it is recommended to stick with the Kubuntu OS, as required by the LinuxMCE automatic installation.

=== PVR (Personal Video Recorder) ===

==== Mythbuntu ====

[http://www.mythbuntu.org Mythbuntu] is an Ubuntu-based derivative (based on the Xubuntu (XFCE) desktop) that is meant to function as a standalone PVR, based on MythTV. It can be used, however, with a Gnome (Ubuntu), KDE (Kubuntu) or XFCE (Xubuntu) desktop, which can be added at any later time.

*Start Synaptic Package Manager.

System-->Administration-->Synaptic Package Manager

*Choose to install the Mythbuntu LiveCD package, or a combination of the Mythbuntu frontend, master backend, slave backend, and/or additional roles. See the [http://www.mythbuntu.org website] for details.

Synaptic Package Manager-->Mark Packages by Task...

===== Remote control configuraion - Lircd =====

In Mythbuntu Control Centre use the following:
* Remote: Custom ( or use one from the list if you happen to have it )
* Driver: [blank] ( most of the time if the right module is loaded )
* Modules: lirc_dev lirc_i2c lirc_igorplugusb ( in the case of diy custom receiver igorplugusb otherwise use module acordingly)
* Configuration: myremote.conf
** use irrecord to generate a .conf file for a custom remote, almost any remote should work

Also use:
dmesg # to check that receiver registered corectly in the kernel
sudo mode2 -d /dev/lirc0 # to check that receiver is functioning, try different usb ports if not working
irw /dev/lircd # to check that lircd receives the correct remote messages
''Warning:'' Make sure ~/.mythtv/lircdrc uses remote = YourRemoteName, same name used in myremote.conf
sudo /etc/init.d/lirc restart # restart lircd daemon
Restart mythtvfrontend

===Home Security===
====Zoneminder surveillance system====
Zoneminder manages surveillance cameras and stores images on the hard disk. Images can be viewed using a [[#Install a LAMP server on a Desktop|(LAMP) server]] remotely. X10 devices can be triggered using built-in perl scripts. For more info see the [http://www.zoneminder.com/ Zoneminder website].

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#Install a LAMP server on a Desktop]]
*Install ffmpeg from Synaptic Package Manager, or from the command-line terminal:

apt-get install ffmpeg

=====Installing the latest Zoneminder version=====
*Minor tweaks are required to install the latest version (1.23.3) of Zoneminder on Hardy. See [http://www.zoneminder.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=11734 the Zoneminder forums here] or a note on [http://www.zoneminder.com/forums/viewtopic.php?p=42940&sid=a2b97fc4471f33005234cd6380ac0016 installing from source here].

=====Using the repository package=====
*There is a Zoneminder (version 1.22.3) package for Hardy (that was also the package from Gutsy) in the repositories. You should be able to install the package from Synaptic Package Manager. It is available in 32-bit and 64-bit versions.

*Detailed instructions that appeared to work for Gutsy are at [http://www.zoneminder.com/wiki/index.php/Main_Documentation#Installation_from_a_.deb the Zoneminder Installation Wiki].

=====Original Feisty installation instructions=====
*However, if that does not work, try the original instructions that worked for Feisty:

*You must have the LAMP server installed. In addition, you may need additional modules if they are not satisfied by the package dependencies:

sudo apt-get install libarchive-tar-perl libarchive-zip-perl libdate-manip-perl libdevice-serialport-perl
sudo apt-get install libjpeg62 libmime-perl libstdc++6 libunwind7 libwww-perl zlib1g

*Download the .deb package from the package manager's website:

ftp://www.northern-ridge.com.au/zoneminder/ubuntu/edgy/zoneminder_1.22.3-8_i386.deb

*Install using the Debian package manager. (No other method seems to work.)

dpkg -i zoneminder_1.22.3-8_i386.deb

*(Note: If some dependencies are still unsatisfied, make sure you have these packages installed):

sudo apt-get install libc6 libc6.1 libgcc1 libgcc4 libstdc++6

:(These should already be installed as part of the LAMP installation):

sudo apt-get install apache2-mpm-prefork libapache2-mod-php5 libmysqlclient15off mysql-client mysql-server php5 php5-mysql

=====Setup Zoneminder configuration=====
If your installation is successful, you will now need to set up the configuration files and databases for Zoneminder.

*Copy the configuration file and restart the Apache2 server.
sudo ln -s /etc/zm/apache.conf /etc/apache2/conf.d/zoneminder.conf
sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 reload

*View Zoneminder from your web browser:

http://localhost/zm

*Set up a MySQL database for Zoneminder
:*''Note: In Hardy, the next two steps are accomplished during a LAMP server installation or during MySQL installation.''
:*If this is the first time you have used MySQL, the default global MySQL superuser root will not have a password. You should set one now. Instructions for setting mySQL initial privileges are [http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/default-privileges.html here].

::In short:

mysql -u root
mysql> UPDATE mysql.user SET Password=PASSWORD('your_new_password') WHERE User='root';
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
mysql> quit

:*In addition, you can set up an additional global MySQL user (such as mysql_user, for example) by following the instructions [http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/create-user.html here]. That way you can reserve root login for emergencies.

::In short:

mysql -u root
mysql> CREATE USER 'mysql_user'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'mysql_user_passwd';
mysql> quit

*Now you must create a MySQL database for use by Zoneminder. This is an administrative MySQL command, so you must use one of your global MySQL users (either root or mysql_user, as created in the example above). You can name your Zoneminder database anything you want, instead of zmdatabase.

mysqladmin -u root -p CREATE zmdatabase

:or

mysqladmin -u mysql_user -p CREATE zmdatabase

*Create users for the Zoneminder database. As always, I create a root user for emergency use. I use the same password for root as I do elsewhere on my system. Then I also create a user named zm_user (but you could also creat a user named mysql_user, to keep everything consistent). [I use a unique user here because this is a home security system, after all, and I don't want it breached.] These users are specific to this database; they can be the same users as used elsewhere in the system or can be unique users.

mysql> GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, CREATE, DROP, INDEX, ALTER, CREATE TEMPORARY TABLES, LOCK TABLES ON zmdatabase.*
TO 'zm_user'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';

mysql> GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, CREATE, DROP, INDEX, ALTER, CREATE TEMPORARY TABLES, LOCK TABLES ON zmdatabase.*
TO 'root'@'localhost'
IDENTIFIED BY 'password'; (I used my usual root password here).
mysql> quit
mysqladmin reload

:Note: mysql commands (i.e. any entered at the mysql> prompt) must end with a semicolon. If you forget the semicolon, nothing will happen.

====Myth Zoneminder====

[http://mythtv.org/wiki/index.php/MythZoneMinder MythZoneminder] allows you to view your security cameras through Myth TV, essentially. It is a plugin that interfaces the two packages Zoneminder (which must be working on your system) and Myth TV (which must also be working.)
It can be found in Synpatic Package Manager as the mythzoneminder package.

See the [http://mythtv.org/wiki/index.php/MythZoneMinder#Install_MythZoneMinder installation instructions].

== How to restore GRUB to a partition or MBR with an Ubuntu Live CD ==

Sometimes, if an Ubuntu installation goes wrong, or a Windows NT bootloader overwrites MBR and doesn't recognise the Linux installation, we have to restore our GRUB bootloader that is, generally, very flexible.

First of all, we burn a Hardy Heron (Ubuntu 8.04) ISO (on a CD(R , RW) or DVD (+R , +RW)) or make sure that we have one already.

Then, we change, in the BIOS, the boot load sequence and we put the CD/DVD option first.

After that, we boot the Live CD, we choose the first option and in a few minutes we have arrived at the Live CD Desktop.

So, we go :

Applications --> Accessories --> Terminal

Then, we have to remember which is our Ubuntu installation partition.

In our example, it is the second one (/dev/sda2), formatted as ext3, in the first HDD of a SATA controller. We suppose that it is the second one, since, in case we have Windows that demand to be in the first partition (/dev/sda1), this one is occupied.

'''Now, you have to be really careful. You have to enter the right partition, instead of sda2''' (unless it is the same)
In the terminal :

cd /

sudo -s -H

mount -t ext3 /dev/sda2 /mnt

mount -t proc proc /mnt/proc

mount -t sysfs sys /mnt/sys

mount -o bind /dev /mnt/dev

chroot /mnt /bin/bash

And now, you are actually "running" Ubuntu within the Hard Drive but through Live CD's terminal.

Now we restore GRUB like that:

1) Restoration to MBR

grub-install /dev/sda

2) Restoration to partition (example: /dev/sda2)

grub-install /dev/sda2

In the first case (that is the most usual) you have certainly installed GRUB on MBR after you receive, in the terminal, the message that there are no errors.

After you reboot, you have your favorite bootloader restored.

== Encrypt home partition with cryptsetup & LUKS ==

First step is to backup all necessary data, if something goes wrong '''your data will be lost in the process if it's not backed up.''' Also note that your home folder needs to be located on a separate partition than your root partition, if not see [[#How to make partitions]].

Second, install necessary software:

sudo apt-get install cryptsetup

Insert the new module, dm-crypt into the kernel:

sudo modprobe dm-crypt

Check to see what encryption schemes are available:

cat /proc/crypto

If only MD5 is listed, try inserting the appropriate modules into the kernel:

sudo modprobe serpent

Above is an example, this could also be twofish, blowfish or anything other crypto module that you would like to use.

The following commands will assume that your home partition is /dev/sda1, please change it to match your ''own'' configuration.

Next step we use cryptsetup to change the partition with the luksFormat option, '''this command will cause you to lose all data on /dev/sda1.'''

sudo cryptsetup luksFormat -c algorithm -y -s size /dev/sda1

Where algorithm is the algorithm that you chose above such as serpent aes, etc.

Size is the key size for encryption, this is generally 128 or 256. Without specifying the algorithm or the size, I believe it defaults to AES 256, more information and additional options can be found by reading the man page. The above step will ask you to choose a password and verify it. Do not forget this password.

We can then use the luksOpen option to open the encrypted drive.

sudo cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/sda1 home

Home is a nickname which cryptsetup uses to refer to /dev/sda1. It also creates the device /dev/mapper/home, this is what you would actually mount to access the filesystem. If you specify another name other than home, it will create the device /dev/mapper/[name], where [name] is the nickname that cryptsetup will use. This step will ask you for your LUKS passphrase, this is the password you created in the previous step.

Next, we create the actual filesystem on the device. I use reiserfs, but it could just as well be ext3.

sudo mkreiserfs /dev/mapper/home

Or

sudo mkfs.ext3 /dev/mapper/home

Next step is to mount your encrypted device and copy your files back to your home directory.

mkdir new_home
sudo mount /dev/mapper/home new_home
cp -r * new_home

Now we have to set up everything so that it's ready to go at boot, we need to tell the system that there are encrypted disks that we want mounted.

gksudo gedit /etc/crypttab

Enter the following as one line at the end of the file.

home /dev/sda1 none luks,tries=3

remember home can be any name that you want, just remember that this maps to /dev/mapper/[name]. The option tries=3 allows 3 tries before a reboot is required or the disk is not decrypted.

Next enter the device info in fstab that we want to mount on boot.

gksudo gedit /etc/fstab

Enter the information as one line at the end of the file.

/dev/mapper/home /home reiserfs defaults 0 0

Remember to substitute /dev/mapper/home with your device /dev/mapper/[name], /home is the mount point, since this is our home directory, reiserfs is the filesystem type, put ext3 if you formatted it as ext3. For now the default options should be good, change this if you need/require something else. Also, now is a good time to remove the old /dev/sda1 device entry so that fstab doesn't try to load it at boot. This can be accomplished by commenting out the /dev/sda1 line or deleting it.

Final step is to make sure that the proper modules are loaded at boot time.

gksudo gedit /etc/modules

Now add dm-crypt and the crypto module that you used earlier, such as serpent, aes, etc. Each needs to be on its own line.

dm-crypt
serpent

That should be it, all that's required is a reboot. During the reboot process, the computer will say "Starting early crypto disks" and ask for your passphrase. If the passphrase is accepted, it will unlock the encrypted partition and mount it on your specified mount point.

== Aliases ==

You can change the way you enter a command in order to be executed by entering an alias.

For example, you may enter in a terminal "update-system" (a command that in face doesn't exists) that replaces "sudo apt-get update". You can do the same thing for other commands.

This is what you do. Our example is going to be the alias of the command

ls -FCal --color=auto

that shows with colours and many details the contents of a folder.

Open a terminal

Applications --> Accessories --> Terminal

and enter

gedit ~/.bashrc

'''Be carefull now. Don't erase anything there.'''

Now, go to the end of the document and enter

alias ll="ls -FCal --color=auto"

As you can see, now with the command

ll

whenever we want, we call, in fact, this one

ls -FCal --color=auto

You can do the same thing for other commands that need a lot of switches.

Save the document, close the terminal and reopen it. You may now check your new alias.

== Tips & Tricks ==

=== Change the splash screen color ===

Originally a brownish color to match the Ubuntu theme, it does not quite fit with other themes and might want to be changed.
Enter the gdm.conf file (sudo gedit /etc/gdm/gdm.conf). About two-thirds of the way down you will see the lines:
BackgroundColor=#dab082
GraphicalThemedColor=#dab082

Change it to what you like. For all black, use:
BackgroundColor=#000000
GraphicalThemedColor=#000000

=== Change the default Terminal window size ===

The default size of the Terminal window is around 80 columns wide and 24 columns high. To alter this, edit the file /usr/share/vte/termcap/xterm. You can use the following command:
sudo gedit /usr/share/vte/termcap/xterm
Just a few lines from the top will be the line reading:
:co#80:it#8:li#24:\
Change the number right after co# to change the width.
Change the number right after li# to change the height.

=== Change the Samba workgroup ===

*The Samba workgroup for use in a Windows network is set to "WORKGROUP" by default. It should be changed to match the workgroup used on your Windows network

*Edit the Samba configuration file:

sudo gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf

*Edit the line:

workgroup = WORKGROUP

Change it to the name of your actual workgroup name. For example, my workgroup is MSHOME, so I changed the line to:

workgroup = MSHOME

Save the file.

*Reboot.

=== Fix the shutdown "Network Error" display (restore shutdown splash screen) ===

Many Ubuntu systems have a minor bug when shutting down. Instead of displaying a splash screen indicating the progress of the shutdown process, the user is dropped out to a console screen flooded with shutdown notices (mostly network error messages). These messages are normal and expected, there is nothing to be concerned about. But it can be a bit unsightly, and it would seem that the Ubuntu team intended to have those messages hidden by the splash screen. The splash screen can be restored without much effort:

*Go to '''System → Administration → Login Window''', and select the '''Local''' tab
*Select a different theme, then re-select the default theme ("Human"). This just refreshes the setting
*Click '''Close''', then go back to '''System → Administration → Login Window''', and select the '''Local''' tab again
*You'll notice that the settings are different to what you've ''just'' chosen. Restore the setting to their defaults -- Choose '''Selected only''' from the '''Theme''' drop-down box (instead of "Random from selected"), and re-select the default Ubuntu theme ("Human"). When complete, click '''Close'''. The setting will have saved properly this time, and the shutdown splash screen should work as intended.

== How to make partitions ==

It is very easy to make partitions with Ubuntu .

Open a terminal and type:

sudo apt-get install gparted

Then navigate to

System --> Administration --> Partition Editor

Then gParted is going to check for your disks and partitions.

There you can modify your partitions but on those that are NOT on the System.

More info :

1) Usage of gParted (it is distributed as Live CD as well) -->http://howtoforge.com/partitioning_with_gparted

2) How to separate your /home partition in Ubuntu --> http://www.psychocats.net/ubuntu/separatehome

== How to enable Compiz Fusion in Ubuntu ==

In Ubuntu Hardy Heron, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compiz_Fusion Compiz Fusion] is already installed and is automatically enabled after you have installed [http://ubuntuguide.org/wiki/Ubuntu:Hardy#Graphics_cards_and_displays your graphics' card drivers].

The only thing you have to do is to install the Compiz Configuration Settings Manager.

Open a terminal and type:

sudo apt-get install compizconfig-settings-manager fusion-icon

and it shall be installed. After that navigate to:

System --> Preferences --> Advanced Desktop Effects Settings

and there you may enable/disable any plugin you want.

To run Compiz-Fusion Tray Icon, nativate to:

Applications --> System Tools --> Compiz Fusion Icon

or run in the command line:

fusion-icon

and the tray icon shall start.

== Add-on Applications ==

=== Wine ===

Wine is a Windows Win32 binary compatibility layer for Linux. Latest install instructions are always at: [http://www.winehq.org/site/download-deb WineHQ.org]

Add repository key:
wget -q http://wine.budgetdedicated.com/apt/387EE263.gpg -O- | sudo apt-key add -
Add repository to apt sources:
sudo wget http://wine.budgetdedicated.com/apt/sources.list.d/hardy.list -O /etc/apt/sources.list.d/winehq.list
Update apt sources:
sudo apt-get update
Install Wine:
sudo apt-get install wine
The program menu then appears in Programs under Wine, or double-click a Windows/DOS .exe file.

=== Unison - file synchronization tool ===

Unison is a file-synchronization tool for Unix and Windows. It allows two replicas of a collection of files and directories to be stored on different hosts (or different disks on the same host), modified separately, and then brought up to date by propagating the changes in each replica to the other.

Nice Installation and Usage Guide check [http://www.ubuntugeek.com/unison-file-synchronization-tool.html This]

=== PlayOnLinux ===

PlayOnLinux is a Wine frontend which simplify installation and launch of many Windows programs, particularly games.

Add repository key:
wget -q http://playonlinux.botux.net/pol.gpg -O- | sudo apt-key add -
Add repository to apt sources:
sudo wget http://playonlinux.botux.net/playonlinux_hardy.list -O /etc/apt/sources.list.d/playonlinux.list
Update apt sources:
sudo apt-get update
Install PlayOnLinux:
sudo apt-get install playonlinux

=== Tor, privoxy, and Tor GUI (Vidalia) ===

Tor is a software project that helps you defend against traffic analysis, a form of network surveillance that threatens personal freedom and privacy, confidential business activities and relationships, and state security. Tor protects you by bouncing your communications around a distributed network of relays run by volunteers all around the world:

If you want to install and configure tor follow [http://www.ubuntugeek.com/howto-install-torprivoxy-and-tor-gui-programs-vidaliatork-and-torbuttonin-ubuntu.html This] Guide

=== How to Sync your emails, files, bookmarks, and any other type of personal information ===

Conduit is a synchronization solution for GNOME which allows the user to take their emails, files, bookmarks, and any other type of personal information and synchronize that data with another computer, an online service, or even another electronic device.Conduit manages the synchronization and conversion of data into other formats.

If you want to install and configure in Ubuntu Follow [http://www.ubuntugeek.com/conduit-synchronize-your-data-in-easy-way.html This] Tutorial

=== How to install applications for study of religious texts ===

* For study of Bible see [http://gnomesword.sourceforge.net/ GnomeSword]
* For study of Quran see [http://sourceforge.net/projects/zekr/ Zekr]

=== How to install Google Gadgets in Ubuntu Hardy ===

Google Gadgets for Linux provides a platform for running desktop gadgets under Linux, catering to the unique needs of Linux users. We are compatible with the gadgets written for Google Desktop for Windows as well as the Universal Gadgets on iGoogle. Following Linux norms, this project will be open-sourced, under the Apache License.

If you want to install and this beautiful gadgets into your ubuntu desktop try [http://www.ubuntugeek.com/howto-install-google-gadgets-in-ubuntu-804-hardy-heron.html This] simple installation guide.

==== How to install Gnomesword (Bible study program) ====
*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]
*This installs the english version of the program.

sudo apt-get install gnomesword sword-language-pack-en sword-text-web

*If you require other languages type:

sudo apt-cache search bible

*Take a look at the sword-language-pack's and the sword-text's for additional languages and install as needed.

Gnomesword is found under Applications-->Accessories.

*Under KDE, use kio-sword instead of Gnomesword:

sudo apt-get install kio-sword

==== How to install a Quran researching tool (Zekr) ====

[http://zekr.org/ Zekr] is an open platform Quran study tool for simply browsing and researching on the Quran.

* Make sure that You have enabled universe and multiverse Ubuntu repositories.
* Install zekr with the following command:

sudo apt-get install zekr zekr-quran-translations-en ttf-sil-scheherazade ttf-farsiweb

* You can add more Quran translations from [http://zekr.org/quran/translations here].

* If you like to upgrade to '''the latest stable version of zekr''', which supports Quran Recitation and advanced boolean/regular expression search, follow instructions available [http://www.zekr.org/wiki/index.php?title=Installation#Ubuntu.2FDebian Zekr wiki].

=== Playing N64 with the emulator Mupen64Plus for Linux ===

Mupen64 was originally a Nintendo 64 emulator for multi-OS.
The development was dead, until someone started to check the source again, and thats what Mupen64Plus is about...
Really good compatibility with different plugins for video/audio/controllers!!!

Download it from here:
[http://mupen64plus.googlecode.com/files/Mupen64Plus-1-3-bin-32.zip Mupen64Plus 1.3 32-Bit]
[http://mupen64plus.googlecode.com/files/Mupen64Plus-1-3-bin-64.zip Mupen64Plus 1.3 64-Bit]

Instalation:
:* Unzip it:
'''unzip Mupen64Plus-1-3-bin-*.zip'''
:* Go to the directory:
'''cd Mupen64Plus-1-3-bin-*/'''
:* Install:
'''./install.sh '''

Now its installed, you can run it from everywhere typing mupen64plus or just create an icon to it.

Enjoy.

=== Watching Live-TV On Your Ubuntu Desktop With Zattoo ===

Zattoo has developed a software program that allows you to watch TV on your computer. All you need is a broadband connection and a current operating system (Windows XP or Vista, Mac OS X, or Linux). The service is legal and free of charge.

If you want to install and configure Zattoo in Ubuntu, check out [http://www.ubuntugeek.com/watching-live-tv-on-your-ubuntu-desktop-with-zattoo.html this tutorial].

== How to upgrade from Hardy Heron to Intrepid Ibex (for developers and bug reports only)==

*This isn't yet a safe way to upgrade to the next version of Ubuntu. The packages are still in experimental stage, since the dependencies aren't ready yet. Most users should continue using the current stable edition. Testers consider running Ibext in a testing environment (for example, on a Virtual Machine, Wubi or Lubi.)

=== Upgrade to Intrepid Manually ===
*Until the first Alphas enter the repositories, the update manager will not prompt you to install Intrepid Ibex with the command

update-manager -d

*You can do it manually by changing your sources.list file:

:*Backup the sources.list file:

sudo -i
cd /etc/apt/
cp sources.list sources.list.backup

:*Change the repositories:

::*Delete everything in the old sources.list file and paste these:

deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ intrepid main universe restricted multiverse
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ intrepid-security universe main multiverse restricted
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ intrepid-updates universe main multiverse restricted
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ intrepid-proposed universe main multiverse restricted
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ intrepid-backports universe main multiverse restricted

:*Update the repository cache:

sudo -i
aptitude update

:*Check in Software sources that everything has changed to Intrepid. No Hardy repos should be there. If there are, disable them and enable the Intrepid repos.

:*Update the repository cache again, upgrade all packages, do a distrubution upgrade to Intrepid, then upgrade all the new Intrepid packages (some of these are voodoo steps):

aptitude update

aptitude upgrade

aptitude dist-upgrade

aptitude upgrade

Every command should be done alone and you have to check continuously which packages have conflicts with the old ones and which ones are being removed. Be careful: if important system packages are removed (libs, gcc , xorg packages, bash , ubuntu-desktop , gdm etc), you must reinstall them (this can happen in the case of meta-packages)

*''Everything sould be done by advanced users and ONLY in testing environment. These packages are unstable (like those in [experimental] in Debian Sid/Unstable).''

It has been reported that debconf package may not be installed automatically. Lock it's hardy version through Synaptic.

===Upgrade to Intrepid automatically ===

*When the first Alphas enter their way into the repositories, change the repositories:

sudo update-manager -d

Check if the Hardy repositories are disabled and replaced by Intrepid repositories.

Ubuntu:Hardy es - Revision history

Perspectoff at 16:38, 2 April 2009