Ubuntu co.za

From

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Nie-amptelike Ubuntu 5.10 (Breezy Badger) Aanvangs Gids

Hierdie gids http://ubuntuguide.org/ is deur Chua Wen Kiat (Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia) begin. Dit word nou onderhou deur die Linux Afdeling van die Universiteit van Latvie, en enigiemand anders wat bereid is om n bydrae te lewer.

Bydraers: orvils, Cargo, Quash, Byte, krampo, Simos ...


Vertalers: Latviešu • Русский • Polski • Traditional Chinese


Contents


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Algemene Notas


  1. Hierdie is n nie-amptelike Ubuntu 5.10 (Breezy Badger) Aanvangs Gids. Dit word nie met Ubuntu and Canonical Ltd geassosieer nie.
  2. Die Gids is getoets op n volledige installasie van die Ubuntu 5.10 x86 Installasie CD (Breezy Badger)
  3. Indien U n blouerige boks sien, beteken dit dat U die bevele in Terminaal modus moet indien (Applications -> System Tools -> Terminal) of die inhoud van die boks moet gebruik soos aangeraai in sommige ander instruksies.
  4. Om tik-foute te verminder, kopieer en plak die bevele in die Terminaal modus (regskliek op die instruksies -> "Copy" of "Paste". U kan ook Ctrl+C gebruik om te kopieer en Shift+Instert om te paste)
  5. "sudo" beteken supergebruiker doen (superuser do). "sudo" sal vir n wagwoord "Password:" vra. Verskaf asb. gebruikerswagwoord
  6. Indien U meer inligting oor enige beveel verlang, kyk net eenvoudig na die handleiding vir die betrokke bevel deur "man" te gebruik. Byvoorbeeld, "man sudo" sal die handleiding vir die "sudo" bevel vertoon.
  7. Indien U moeg is om altyd "apt-get" in te tik, Lees #Hoe om maklik te apt-get (Synaptic)
  8. "apt-get" en "wget" verlang n lewendige Internet konneksie vir installasie/opdatering/aflaai van programme.
  9. Om n datalêer af te laai, regskliek op die skakel -> Kies "Save Link As..." -> Maak seker dat die datalêernaam en uitbreiding reg is
  10. Indien U graag wil help om Ubuntu in U modertaal te vertaal of indien U andersins wil help, besoek https://launchpad.net/
  11. Mag die "menslikheid teenoor ander" gees altyd met U wees...
Indien UKubuntu gebruik, moet U Gedit installeer 
wget http://easylinux.info/uploads/gedit_2.13.1-0ubuntu1_i386.deb
sudo dpkg -i gedit_2.13.1-0ubuntu1_i386.deb
Of vervang 'gedit' met 'kwrite', byvoorbeeld, in plaas daarvan om 
 sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list
te skryf, skryf 
 sudo kwrite /etc/apt/sources.list
Indien U n 64-bit verwerker gebruik, vervang "i386" met "amd64"
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Om te Begin

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Wat is Ubuntu

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Waar om skerm-fotos van Ubuntu te sien

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Waar om 'n lys te kry van al die programme/lib-leêrs wat saam met Ubuntu kom

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Waar om Ubuntu af te laai

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Waar om Ubuntu CDs absoluut VERNIET te bestel

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Waar om hulp te vind vir Ubuntu

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Waar om te kyk vir nuwe programme

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Waar om te kyk om jou desktop styl te verander

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Repositories

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How to add extra repositories 

sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list_backup
sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list
  • Replace everything with the following lines 
## Add comments (##) in front of any line to remove it from being checked.   
## Use the following sources.list at your own risk.  
## You may replace "us" with your country code to get the closest mirror.

deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy main restricted
deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy main restricted

## MAJOR BUG FIX UPDATES produced after the final release
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy-updates main restricted
deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy-updates main restricted

## UBUNTU SECURITY UPDATES
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy-security main restricted
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy-security main restricted

deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy-security universe
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy-security universe

## UNIVERSE AND MULTIVERSE REPOSITORY (Unsupported by Ubuntu.  Use at own risk.)
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy universe multiverse

## BACKPORTS REPOSITORY (Unsupported.  May contain illegal packages.  Use at own risk.)
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy-backports main restricted universe multiverse

## PLF REPOSITORY (Unsupported.  May contain illegal packages.  Use at own risk.)
deb http://packages.freecontrib.org/ubuntu/plf breezy free non-free
deb-src http://packages.freecontrib.org/ubuntu/plf breezy free non-free
  • Save the edited file 
sudo apt-get update
Use your own sources.list file only if you understand what you're doing
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Ubuntu Updates

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How to manually update Ubuntu 

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
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Installing additional software (Automatix)

  • This is a graphical interface for installation of a lot of apps on Ubuntu/Kubuntu/Xubuntu BREEZY (DOES NOT WORK ON Warty, Hoary or Dapper) and for tweaking a few things to get your Ubuntu box up and working in full throttle in the quickest possible timespan. Using Automatix just in a few minutes you can solve many topics described in this guide.
  • Automatix will help you to install Multimedia codecs; all Firefox plugins (java, flash, etc); RAR, ACE and UNRAR archive support; skype; Acrobat reader 7; Gnomebaker; gftp; DC++ and amule; Frostwire; Audacity; Kino; EasyTag; Mplayer; totem-xine; VLC; Beep Media Player; Opera; Bittornado; Azureus; Enables Numlock on; Programming Tools (Anjuta (C/C++ IDE), Bluefish (HTML editor), (Web Dev)); GnomePPP; MS true type fonts; Streamtuner; NON-FREE audio and dvd codecs; ndisgtk (WiFi configurator Graphical user interface); SUN'S JAVA JRE v1.5; SUN'S JAVA JDK v1.5; wine; gdesklets; Detect Nvidia cards and install drivers and do some other usefull thinks.
  • If you are in The United States of America DO NOT install NON-FREE audio and dvd codecs. IT IS ILLEGAL TO DO SO.
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How to get Automatix

  • To install Automatix in Ubuntu 
sudo apt-get install xterm
wget http://beerorkid.com/automatix/automatix_5.1-1_i386.deb
sudo dpkg -i automatix_5.1-1_i386.deb
Applications -> System Tools -> Automatix
  • To install Automatix in Kubuntu/Xubuntu 
sudo apt-get remove automatix-kubuntu
sudo apt-get install xterm libglade2-0 libgnomecanvas2-0
wget http://kambing.vlsm.org/ubuntu/pool/main/z/zenity/zenity_2.10.0-0ubuntu1_i386.deb
sudo dpkg -i zenity_2.10.0-0ubuntu1_i386.deb
wget http://beerorkid.com/automatix/automatix_5.1-1_i386.deb
sudo dpkg -i automatix_5.1-1_i386.deb
Main Menu -> System -> Automatix
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Add-On Applications

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How to install Menu Editor for GNOME 

sudo apt-get install smeg
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How to install Clipboard Daemon for GNOME 

wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/gnome-clipboard-daemon-1.0.bin.tar.bz2
sudo tar jxvf gnome-clipboard-daemon-1.0.bin.tar.bz2 -C /usr/bin/
sudo chown root:root /usr/bin/gnome-clipboard-daemon
sudo chmod 755 /usr/bin/gnome-clipboard-daemon
sudo gnome-clipboard-daemon &
export EDITOR=gedit && crontab -e
  • Add the following line at the ned of file 
@reboot gnome-clipboard-daemon
  • Save edited file
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How to install J2SE Runtime Environment (JRE) with Plug-in for Mozilla Firefox 

sudo apt-get install sun-j2re1.5
  • Restart Mozilla Firefox
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How to install Flash Player (Macromedia Flash) Plug-in for Mozilla Firefox 

sudo apt-get install flashplayer-mozilla
  • Restart Mozilla Firefox
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How to install PDF Reader (Adobe Reader) with Plug-in for Mozilla Firefox 

sudo apt-get install acroread
sudo apt-get install mozilla-acroread
sudo apt-get install acroread-plugins
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How to install Download Manager (Downloader for X) 

sudo apt-get install d4x
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How to install FTP Client (gFTP) 

sudo apt-get install gftp
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How to install File share utility (DC++) 

wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/linuxdcpp.tar.gz 
sudo tar zxvf linuxdcpp.tar.gz -C /opt
sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/dcpp.desktop
  • Insert the following lines into the new file 
[Desktop Entry]
Encoding=UTF-8
Name=DC++
Exec=/opt$ /opt/linuxdcpp/dcpp
Terminal=false
Type=Application
StartupNotify=true
Icon=eyes.png
Categories=Application;Network;
  • Applications -> Internet -> DC++
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How to install P2P BitTorrent Client (Azureus) 

wget -c http://heanet.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/azureus/Azureus_2.3.0.6_linux.tar.bz2
sudo tar jxvf Azureus_2.3.0.6_linux.tar.bz2 -C /opt
sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/azureus.desktop
  • Add the following to the new file: 
[Desktop Entry] 
Name=Azureus
Comment=A Bittorrent client
Exec=/opt/azureus/azureus
Icon=/opt/azureus/Azureus.png
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;Network;
  • Applications -> Internet -> Azureus
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How to install P2P eMule Client (aMule) 

sudo apt-get install amule
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How to install P2P Gnutella Client (LimeWire) 

wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/LimeWireOther.zip
sudo unzip -u LimeWireOther.zip -d /opt/
sudo chown -R root:root /opt/LimeWire/
sudo gedit /usr/bin/runLime.sh
  • Insert the following lines into the new file 
cd /opt/LimeWire/
./runLime.sh
  • Save the edited file 
sudo chmod +x /usr/bin/runLime.sh
sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/LimeWire.desktop
  • Insert the following lines into the new file 
[Desktop Entry]
Name=LimeWire
Comment=LimeWire
Exec=runLime.sh
Icon=/opt/LimeWire/LimeWire.ico
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;Network;
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How to install Messenger (Skype) 

wget -c http://download.skype.com/linux/skype_staticQT-1.2.0.18.tar.bz2
sudo tar jxvf skype_staticQT-1.2.0.18.tar.bz2 -C /opt/
sudo ln -s /opt/skype-1.2.0.18/skype /usr/bin/skype
sudo cp /opt/skype-1.2.0.18/skype.desktop /usr/share/applications/skype.desktop
sudo cp /opt/skype-1.2.0.18/icons/skype_32_32.png /usr/share/icons/hicolor/32x32/apps/skype.png
rm skype_staticQT-1.2.0.18.tar.bz2
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How to install WinPopup (LinPopUp) 

sudo apt-get install linpopup
sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/linpopup.desktop
  • Insert the following lines into the new file 
[Desktop Entry]
Name=LinPopUp
Comment=LinPopUp
Exec=linpopup
Icon=/usr/share/pixmaps/linpopup.xpm
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;Utility;
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How to install Multimedia Codecs 

sudo apt-get install gstreamer0.8-plugins
sudo apt-get install gstreamer0.8-lame
sudo apt-get install gstreamer0.8-ffmpeg
sudo apt-get install lame
sudo apt-get install sox
sudo apt-get install ffmpeg
sudo apt-get install mjpegtools
sudo apt-get install vorbis-tools
sudo apt-get install w32codecs
gst-register-0.8
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How to install DVD playback capability 

sudo apt-get install libdvdcss2
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How to install Multimedia Player (xine-ui) 

sudo apt-get install xine-ui
  • Associate xine-ui to play multimedia files 
gconftool-2 --type string --set /desktop/gnome/volume_manager/autoplay_dvd_command "xine dvd://"
sudo rm -f /usr/share/applnk/Multimedia/xine.desktop
sudo ln -fs /usr/share/xine/desktop/xine.desktop /usr/share/applications/
sudo cp /usr/share/applications/defaults.list /usr/share/applications/defaults.list_backup
sudo sed -e 's/totem.desktop/xine.desktop/g' /usr/share/applications/defaults.list_backup > /tmp/defaults.list
sudo mv /tmp/defaults.list /usr/share/applications/defaults.list
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How to install Multimedia Player (MPlayer) with Plug-in for Mozilla Firefox 

sudo apt-get install mplayer-386
sudo apt-get install mplayer-fonts
sudo apt-get install mozilla-mplayer
sudo cp /etc/mplayer/mplayer.conf /etc/mplayer/mplayer.conf_backup
sudo gedit /etc/mplayer/mplayer.conf
  • Find this line 
...
vo=x11,         # To specify default video driver (see -vo help for
...
  • Replace with the following line 
vo=xv,         # To specify default video driver (see -vo help for
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How to install Multimedia Player (XMMS) 

sudo apt-get install xmms
sudo apt-get install xmms-skins
wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/xmms-wma_1.0.4-2_i386.deb
sudo dpkg -i xmms-wma_1.0.4-2_i386.deb
  • Associate XMMS to play MP3/M3U/WAV files 
sudo cp /usr/share/applications/defaults.list /usr/share/applications/defaults.list_backup
sudo cp /usr/share/applications/defaults.list /tmp/defaults.list_tmp
sudo sed -e 's/audio\/mpeg=.*/audio\/mpeg=XMMS.desktop/g' /tmp/defaults.list_tmp > /tmp/defaults.mp3
sudo sed -e 's/audio\/x-mpegurl=.*/audio\/x-mpegurl=XMMS.desktop/g' /tmp/defaults.mp3 > /tmp/defaults.m3u
sudo sed -e 's/audio\/x-wav=.*/audio\/x-wav=XMMS.desktop/g' /tmp/defaults.m3u > /tmp/defaults.list
sudo mv /tmp/defaults.list /usr/share/applications/defaults.list
sudo rm -f /tmp/defaults.*
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How to install Multimedia Player (amaroK) 

sudo apt-get install amarok
  • Applications -> Sound & Video -> amaroK
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How to install Multimedia Player (RealPlayer 10) 

sudo apt-get install realplay
Note: 'realplay' installs RealPlayer 10 from PLF repo. 'realplayer' installs RealPlayer 8 from multiverse.
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How to install Stream Directory Browser (streamtuner) 

sudo apt-get install streamtuner
sudo apt-get install streamripper
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How to install Music Organizer (Cowbell) 

sudo apt-get install cowbell
  • Applications -> Sound & Video -> Cowbell Music Organizer
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How to install ID3 Tag Editor (EasyTAG) 

sudo apt-get install easytag
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How to install Video Editor (Kino) 

sudo apt-get install kino
sudo apt-get install kinoplus
sudo apt-get install kino-timfx
sudo apt-get install kino-dvtitler
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How to install Audio Editor (Audacity) 

sudo apt-get install audacity
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How to install DVD Ripper (dvd::rip) 

sudo apt-get install dvdrip
sudo apt-get install vcdimager
sudo apt-get install cdrdao
sudo apt-get install subtitleripper
sudo ln -fs /usr/bin/rar /usr/bin/rar-2.80
sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/dvdrip.desktop
  • Insert the following lines into the new file 
[Desktop Entry]
Name=dvd::rip 
Comment=dvd::rip
Exec=dvdrip
Icon=/usr/share/perl5/Video/DVDRip/icon.xpm
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;AudioVideo;
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How to install CD Ripper (Goobox) 

sudo apt-get install goobox
sudo rm -f /usr/share/applications/goobox.desktop
sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/goobox.desktop
  • Insert the following lines into the new file 
[Desktop Entry]
Name=CD Player & Ripper
Comment=Play and extract CDs
Exec=goobox
Icon=goobox.png
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;AudioVideo;
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How to install Image Viewer (Gwenview) 

sudo apt-get install gwenview
sudo apt-get install kipi-plugins
sudo apt-get install imagemagick
  • Applications -> Graphics -> Gwenview
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How to install Email Client (Mozilla Thunderbird) 

sudo apt-get install mozilla-thunderbird
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How to install Newsreader (Pan) 

sudo apt-get install pan
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How to install RSS/RDF/Atom Newsreader (RSSOwl) 

wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/rssowl_linux_1_1_3_bin.tar.gz
sudo tar zxvf rssowl_linux_1_1_3_bin.tar.gz -C /opt/
sudo chown -R root:root /opt/rssowl_linux_1_1_3_bin/
sudo gedit /usr/bin/runRSSOwl.sh
  • Insert the following lines into the new file 
export MOZILLA_FIVE_HOME=/usr/lib/mozilla-firefox
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:${MOZILLA_FIVE_HOME}:${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}
cd /opt/rssowl_linux_1_1_3_bin/
./run.sh
  • Save the edited file 
sudo chmod +x /usr/bin/runRSSOwl.sh
sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/RSSOwl.desktop
  • Insert the following lines into the new file 
[Desktop Entry]
Name=RSSOwl
Comment=RSSOwl
Exec=runRSSOwl.sh
Icon=/opt/rssowl_linux_1_1_3_bin/rssowl.xpm
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;Network;
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How to install Web Authoring System (Nvu) 

sudo apt-get install nvu
sudo rm -f /usr/share/applications/nvu.desktop
sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/nvu.desktop
  • Insert the following lines into the new file 
[Desktop Entry]
Name=Nvu
Comment=Web Development Editor
Exec=nvu
Icon=nvu.xpm
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;Network;
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How to install Web Development Environment (quanta plus) 

sudo apt-get install quanta
  • Applications -> Programming -> Quanta Plus
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How to install Project Management Application (Planner) 

sudo apt-get install planner
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How to install Accounting Application (GnuCash) 

sudo apt-get install gnucash
sudo rm -fr /usr/share/gnome/apps/Applications/
sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/GnuCash.desktop
  • Insert the following lines into the new file 
[Desktop Entry]
Name=GnuCash
Comment=GnuCash Personal Finance
Exec=gnucash
Icon=/usr/share/pixmaps/gnucash/gnucash-icon.png
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;Office;
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How to install Desktop Publishing Application (Scribus) 

sudo apt-get install scribus
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How to install Diagram Editor (Dia) 

sudo apt-get install dia-gnome
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How to install Compiled HTML Help (CHM) Viewer (xCHM) 

sudo apt-get install xchm
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How to install CD/DVD Burning Application (GnomeBaker) 

sudo apt-get install gnomebaker
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How to install CD/DVD Burning Application (K3b) 

sudo apt-get install k3b
  • Applications -> Sound & Video -> K3b
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How to install Dialup PPP Client (GNOME PPP) 

sudo apt-get install gnome-ppp
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How to install Broadband ADSL/PPPoE Client (RP-PPPoE) 

wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/rp-pppoe-3.6.tar.gz
sudo tar zxvf rp-pppoe-3.6.tar.gz -C /opt/
sudo chown -R root:root /opt/rp-pppoe-3.6/
sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/RP-PPPoE.desktop
  • Insert the following lines into the new file 
[Desktop Entry]
Name=RP-PPPoE
Comment=RP-PPPoE
Exec=gksudo /opt/rp-pppoe-3.6/go-gui
Icon=
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;Network;
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How to install Boot-Up Manager (BUM) 

sudo apt-get install bum
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How to install Partition Editor (GParted) 

sudo apt-get install gparted
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How to install Firewall (Firestarter) 

sudo apt-get install firestarter
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How to install network traffic analyzer (Ethereal) 

sudo apt-get install ethereal
  • Applications -> Internet -> Ethereal
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How to install Vulnerability Scanner (Nessus) 

sudo apt-get install nessus
sudo apt-get install nessusd
sudo nessus-adduser
sudo ln -fs /etc/init.d/nessusd /etc/rc2.d/S20nessusd
sudo /etc/init.d/nessusd start
sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/Nessus.desktop
  • Insert the following lines into the new file 
[Desktop Entry]
Name=Nessus
Comment=Nessus
Exec=nessus
Icon=/usr/share/pixmaps/nessus.xpm
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;System;
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How to install RAR Archiver (rar) 

sudo apt-get install rar
sudo ln -fs /usr/bin/rar /usr/bin/unrar
  • Applications -> Accessories -> Archive Manager
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How to install Extra Fonts 

sudo apt-get install xfonts-intl-arabic
sudo apt-get install xfonts-intl-asian
sudo apt-get install xfonts-intl-chinese
sudo apt-get install xfonts-intl-chinese-big
sudo apt-get install xfonts-intl-european
sudo apt-get install xfonts-intl-japanese
sudo apt-get install xfonts-intl-japanese-big
sudo apt-get install xfonts-intl-phonetic
sudo apt-get install gsfonts-x11
sudo apt-get install msttcorefonts
sudo fc-cache -f -v
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How to install Chinese Input Method (SCIM) 

sudo apt-get install scim
sudo apt-get install scim-chinese
sudo apt-get install scim-config-socket
sudo apt-get install scim-gtk2-immodule
sudo apt-get install scim-tables-zh
wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/fireflysung-1.3.0.tar.gz
sudo tar zxvf fireflysung-1.3.0.tar.gz -C /usr/share/fonts/truetype/
sudo chown -R root:root /usr/share/fonts/truetype/fireflysung-1.3.0/ 
sudo fc-cache -f -v
  • System -> Preferences -> SCIM Input Method Setup
  • To activate SCIM 
Press 'Ctrl + Space'
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How to install Desktop Applets (gDesklets) 

sudo apt-get install gdesklets
sudo apt-get install gdesklets-data
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How to install Basic Compilers (build-essential) 

sudo apt-get install build-essential
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How to install Integrated Development Environment (Anjuta) 

sudo apt-get install anjuta
  • Applications -> Programming -> Anjuta IDE
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How to install 3D modeling tool (Blender 3d) 

sudo apt-get install blender
  • Applications -> Graphics -> Blender 3D modeller
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How to install game Tuxracer 

sudo apt-get install planetpenguin-racer planetpenguin-racer-data planetpenguin-racer-extras
  • Applications -> Games -> planetpenguin-racer
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How to install game Frozen-Bubble 

sudo apt-get install frozen-bubble
  • Applications -> Games -> Frozen-Bubble
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How to install game Scorched3D 

sudo apt-get install scorched3d
sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/scorched3d.desktop
  • Insert the following lines into the new file 
[Desktop Entry]
Name=Scorched 3D
Comment=A 3D Remake Of Scorched Earth
Exec=scorched3d
Icon=
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;Game;ArcadeGame;
[edit]

How to install virtual planetarium (Stellarium) 

sudo apt-get install stellarium
sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/stellarium.desktop
  • Insert the following lines into the new file 
[Desktop Entry]
Name=Stellarium
Comment=Virtual planetarium
Exec=stellarium
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;Education;
  • Applications -> Education -> Stellarium
[edit]

How to install KDE Edutainment applications 

sudo apt-get install kdeedu
  • Applications -> Education -> ...
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Other Desktop Environments

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How to install KDE 

sudo apt-get install kubuntu-desktop
Note: This installation will require ~400MB of disk space
  • System -> Log Out -> Log Out
  • To log in to KDE click on Sessions and choose KDE
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How to install XFCE 

sudo apt-get install xubuntu-desktop
  • System -> Log Out -> Log Out
  • To log in to XFCE click on Sessions and choose XFCE
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